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89 results for “variable environment”
Data from: Short‐term insurance versus long‐term bet‐hedging strategies as adaptations to variable environments
Understanding how organisms adapt to environmental variation is a key challenge of biology. Central to this are bet-hedging strategies that maximize geometric mean fitness across generations, either by being conservative or diversifying phenotypes. Theoretical models have identified environmental variation across generations with multiplicative fitness effects as driving the evolution of bet-hedging. However, behavioral ecology has revealed adaptive responses to additive fitness effects of environmental variation within lifetimes, either through insurance or risk-sensitive strategies. Here we explore whether the effects of adaptive insurance interact with the evolution of bet-hedging by varying the position and skew of both arithmetic and geometric mean fitness functions. We find that insurance causes the optimal phenotype to shift from the peak to down the less steeply decreasing side of the fitness function, and that conservative bet-hedging produces an additional shift on top of this, which decreases as adaptive phenotypic variation from diversifying bet-hedging increases. When diversifying bet-hedging is not an option, environmental canalization to reduce phenotypic variation is almost always favored, except where the tails of the fitness function are steeply convex and produce a novel risk-sensitive increase in phenotypic variance akin to diversifying bet-hedging. Importantly, using skewed fitness functions, we provide the first model that explicitly addresses how conservative and diversifying bet-hedging strategies might coexist.
Data from: Harvested populations are more variable only in more variable environments
The interaction between environmental variation and population dynamics is of major importance, particularly for managed and economically important species, and especially given contemporary changes in climate variability. Recent analyses of exploited animal populations contested whether exploitation or environmental variation has the greatest influence on the stability of population dynamics, with consequences for variation in yield and extinction risk. Theoretical studies however have shown that harvesting can increase or decrease population variability depending on environmental variation, and requested controlled empirical studies to test predictions. Here, we use an invertebrate model species in experimental microcosms to explore the interaction between selective harvesting and environmental variation in food availability in affecting the variability of stage-structured animal populations over 20 generations. In a constant food environment, harvesting adults had negligible impact on population variability or population size, but in the variable food environments, harvesting adults increased population variability and reduced its size. The impact of harvesting on population variability differed between proportional and threshold harvesting, between randomly and periodically varying environments, and at different points of the time series. Our study suggests that predicting the responses to selective harvesting is sensitive to the demographic structures and processes that emerge in environments with different patterns of environmental variation.
Data from: Metabolic rate is canalized in the face of variable life history and nutritional environment
Despite its central importance in organismal physiology, we have poor understanding of how metabolic rate is influenced by two key factors – food nutritional content and an organism's physiological characteristics. We examined how variation in nutrients and physiological aspects of life history affect standard metabolic rate in Gryllus firmus cricket morphs that differ dramatically in flight capability and early-age fecundity. Newly moulted female morphs were fed one of 13 diets that differed in concentrations of protein and carbohydrate. Carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratios (RERs), nutrient intake and mass and lipid levels were measured. CO2 production and RERs increased to a similar degree in both morphs as food macronutrient content increased. In contrast, no difference in whole-organism O2 consumption was observed across the protein–carbohydrate landscape or between morphs. Both morphs similarly increased food intake as nutrient concentration – particularly protein – decreased, but differed in mass and lipid gains, across the diets. Modulation of the substrate used for respiration coupled with compensating aspects of morph-specific metabolism appears to buffer the effects of variable nutrient intake and life history on standard metabolic rate. That is, respiration rate can be highly canalized in the face of dramatic variation in both the external nutritional environment and internal aspects of intermediary metabolism.
Figure 6 from: Serafim-Júnior M, Perbiche-Neves G, Lansac-Toha F (2019) Environments and macrophytes as main variables controlling rotifers in a river/lake system before Porto Primavera Reservoir construction. Zoologia 36: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e24191
Figure 6 Biplot of NMDS analysis used to explore spatial-temporally the rotifers assemblage, based in an abundance matrix. For codes of species see supplementary file Table S1.
Figure 2 from: Serafim-Júnior M, Perbiche-Neves G, Lansac-Toha F (2019) Environments and macrophytes as main variables controlling rotifers in a river/lake system before Porto Primavera Reservoir construction. Zoologia 36: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e24191
Figure 2 Hydrometric levels represented by means of thirteen days before the samplings (Thomaz et al. 2004), between March/93 to February/94 in the Ivinhema River.
Figure 5 from: Serafim-Júnior M, Perbiche-Neves G, Lansac-Toha F (2019) Environments and macrophytes as main variables controlling rotifers in a river/lake system before Porto Primavera Reservoir construction. Zoologia 36: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e24191
Figure 5 Comparison of mean values of total abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness among the sampling sites.
Data from: In a variable thermal environment selection favors greater plasticity of cell membranes in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Is foraging innovation lost following colonisation of a less variable environment? a case study in surface- vs. cave-dwelling Asellus aquaticus
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Data from: Mutant invasions and adaptive dynamics in variable environments
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Data from: Fluorescent protein-mediated colour polymorphism in reef corals: multi-copy genes extend the adaptation/acclimatization potential to variable light environments
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Data from: Nonlinear averaging of thermal experience predicts population growth rates in a thermally variable environment
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Data from: Metabolic rate is canalized in the face of variable life history and nutritional environment
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Data from: Adaptation in temporally variable environments: stickleback armor in periodically breaching bar-built estuaries
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Data from: Early life conditions and precipitation influence the performance of widespread understory herbs in variable light environments
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Data from: Harvested populations are more variable only in more variable environments
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Divergence of responses to variable socio-sexual environments in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster evolving under altered operational sex-ratios
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Data from: Variable light environments induce plastic spectral tuning by regional opsin coexpression in the African cichlid fish, Metriaclima zebra
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Data from: How well can body size represent effects of the environment on demographic rates? Disentangling correlated explanatory variables
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Parasitoid communities in the variable agricultural environments of blueberry production in the Southeastern USA
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Data from: Adaptation in a variable environment: phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging during egg diapause and hatching in an annual killifish
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.