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203 results for “water stress”
Data sources for the manuscript on groundwater stress indicators published in Water Resources Research
<p>We computed seven global-scale groundwater stress indicators at the 0.5° grid-cell level and for transboundary aquifers> 20,000 km². All indicators were calculated for current conditions (1981-2010 or 2001-2010) based on a homogenized version of the concatenated WATCH Forcing Data ERA-40 (WFD) and WFD ERA-Interim data sets (WFDEI). In addition, four of the indicators were computed for the 2050s (2041-2070) under the worst-case greenhouse gas emissions scenario RCP8.5 applying ten climate and irrigation scenarios. The scenarios were derived by combining two irrigation scenarios (“AAI constant” and “AAI LandSHIFT”) with model output from the five global climate models GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2 -ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and NorESM1-M.</p> <p>Here, we provide the WaterGAP model output used to compute the groundwater stress indicators. A description of the indicators and the underlying data can be found in the reference below. Moreover, a table with coordinates and grid-cell area [km²] used in WaterGAP is provided for the conversion of units.</p> <p>The model output comprises:</p> <p>1. Monthly groundwater recharge (GWR and GWRswb) 1981-2010 and 2041-2070 [mm/month, km³/month]</p> <p>2. Monthly groundwater withdrawals (WWg) 1981-2010 (constWU, transWU) and 2041-2070 (constWU) [m³/month]</p> <p>3. Monthly net abstractions from groundwater (NAg) 1981-2010 (constWU, transWU) and 2041-2070 (constWU) [m³/month]</p> <p>4. Monthly groundwater discharge (“gwrunoff”) 2001-2010 from a model run with human water use (transWU) [mm/month]</p> <p>5. Monthly groundwater discharge (“gwrunoff”) 2001-2010 from a model run without human water use (NAT) [mm/month]</p> <p>6. Monthly groundwater storage 2001-2010 from a model run with human water use (transWU) [mm]</p> <p>7. Monthly groundwater storage 2001-2010 from a model run without human water use (NAT) [mm]</p>
Spider mite resistant maize lines, B75 and B96, maintain resistance under water-stress
<p>Climate variability has major implications for agriculture due to the increase in the frequency and intensity of simultaneous abiotic, namely water-stress, and biotic stresses to crops. Plant water-stress alone harms crops but also can attract outbreaks of herbivores with varied host specialization, and plants succumb to further yield losses dealing with multiple stressors. Host-plant resistance provides a route to lessen yield losses from herbivory; however, our knowledge of the interactions between water-stress and pest resistance is limited, especially for mite herbivores of maize including the generalist two-spotted spider mite (<em>Tetranychus</em> <em>urticae</em>, TSM) and the specialist Banks grass mite (<em>Oligonychus</em> <em>pratensis</em>, BGM). We conducted parallel greenhouse and field experiments whereby a susceptible line (B73) and two TSM-resistant lines (B75 and B96) were subjected to either optimal irrigation or water-stress [50–60% and 5–10% volumetric water content (VWC), and 25–32% and 10–15% VWC, in the greenhouse and field, respectively]. As expected, we found that under optimal irrigation TSM and BGM populations increased readily on B73, while B75 and B96 were largely resistant to the TSM but not BGM. While plant water-stress increased the susceptibility of B73 to both mite species, water-stress did not disrupt initial resistance levels of B75 and B96 maize for either mite species. Elevated protease activity was found in B75 and B96 and may contribute to maize resistance. Our findings that B75 and B96 are highly resistant to the TSM, and maintain resistance to both mite species with water-stress, highlights the importance of including the nuances of multiple stressors within the framework of host-plant resistance.</p>
Linking critical thermal maximum to mortality from thermal stress in a cold-water frog
<p>Estimates of organismal thermal tolerance are frequently used to assess physiological risk from warming, yet the assumption that these estimates are predictive of mortality has been called into question. We tested this assumption in the cold water-specialist frog, <em>Ascaphus</em> <em>montanus</em>. For seven populations, we used dynamic experimental assays to measure tadpole critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and measured mortality from chronic thermal stress for three days at different temperatures. We tested the relationship between previously–estimated population CTmax and observed mortality, as well as the strength of CTmax as a predictor of mortality compared to local stream temperatures capturing varying timescales. Populations with higher CTmax experienced significantly less mortality in the warmest temperature treatment (25℃). We also found that population CTmax outperformed stream temperature metrics as the top predictor of observed mortality. These results demonstrate a clear link between CTmax and mortality from thermal stress, contributing evidence that CTmax is a relevant metric for physiological vulnerability assessments.</p>
Isoprene concentrations data used in the paper "Assessment of isoprene and near surface ozone sensitivities to water stress over the Euro-Mediterranean region"
<p>Isoprene concentrations collected by E. Bourtsoukidis and J. Williams during a field-campaign that took place in Cyprus (site field: Ineia; Latitude: 34.96° N, Longitude: 32.39° E) during the summer 2014 (from July 7 to August 3; data collected every 45 minutes) using the technique of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Derstroff et al., 2017). These data have been used to validate isoprene concentrations simulated by the regional climate model RegCM applied in the study "<em>Assessment of isoprene and near surface ozone sensitivities to water stress over the Euro-Mediterranean region</em>" (https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1522).</p>
Data for: Temperate and tropical lizards are vulnerable to climate warming due to increased water loss and heat stress
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The effects of water-stress, temperature, and plant traits on the outbreak potential of a specialist and generalist spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae)
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Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought-stressed environments: implications for insect-pollinated plant communities in water-limited ecosystems
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Overyielding in young tree communities does not support the stress-gradient hypothesis and is favoured by functional diversity and higher water availability
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Data from: Contrasting species decline but high sensitivity to increasing water stress on a mixed pine-oak ecotone
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Disentangling the influence of water limitation and simultaneous above and belowground herbivory on plant tolerance and resistance to stress
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Spider mite resistant maize lines, B75 and B96, maintain resistance under water-stress
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Failure and deformation characteristics of shale under true triaxial stress loading and unloading under water retention and seepage
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Linking critical thermal maximum to mortality from thermal stress in a cold-water frog
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Seedling response to water stress in valley oak (Quercus lobata) is shaped by different gene networks across populations
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Dataset Chronic water restriction triggers sex-specific oxidative stress and telomere shortening in lizards
<p>This dataset is related to "Chronic water restriction triggers sex-specific oxidative stress and telomere shortening in lizards" (Dupoué A., Angelier F., Ribout C., Meylan S., Rozen-Rechels D., Decencière B., Agostini S., Le Galliard J.-F.) </p> <p>The file reports the information on the responses of 100 yearling lizards identified with their code (lizard_ID), depending on their sex and hydric treatment. Abrevations: </p> <p>SVL: Snout-vent length</p> <p>ROM: Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (an index of oxidative damages)</p> <p>OXY: Non-enzymatic antioxydant activities (an index of defences)</p> <p>TL: Telomere length</p>
Dataset Cocoa_under_water stress - physiological response Data
<p>This dataset contains the physiological and biochemical response of cocoa seedlings to a water stress treatment. The dataset has be described in the Article "The effect of short-term vs. long-term soil moisture stress on the physiological response of three cocoa (<em>Theobroma cacao</em> L.) cultivars" published in Plant Growth Regulation. Please cite both, the article and the DOI of the dataset when making use of the data.</p>
Changes in transcriptomic response to salinity stress induce the brackish water adaptation in a freshwater snail
<p>Studying mechanisms of the establishment of a population in a novel environment allows us to examine the process of local adaptations and subsequent range expansion. In a river system, detecting genetic or phenotypic differences between a freshwater and brackish water population could contribute to our understanding of the initial process of brackish water adaptations. Here, we investigated behavioral and gene expression responses to the saltwater in a freshwater and brackish water population of the freshwater snail, <i>Semisulcospira reiniana</i>. Although the brackish water individuals exhibited significantly higher activity in saltwater than freshwater individuals in the first week, the activity of freshwater individuals increased in subsequent weeks, suggesting that their salinity tolerance was plastic rather than genetic. We found 476 and 1,002 differentially expressed genes across salinity conditions in the freshwater and brackish water populations, respectively. The major biological process involved in the salinity response of the freshwater population was the biosynthesis and metabolic process of nitrogen containing compounds, but that of the brackish water population was influenced by the chitin metabolic process. These results suggest that phenotypic plasticity induces the brackish water adaptation in the freshwater snail by modifying salinity response in the physiological process.</p>
Data from: Combinations of plant water-stress and neonicotinoids can lead to secondary outbreaks of Banks grass mite (Oligonychus pratensis Banks)
Spider mites, a cosmopolitan pest of agricultural and landscape plants, thrive under hot and dry conditions, which could become more frequent and extreme due to climate change. Recent work has shown that neonicotinoids, a widely used class of systemic insecticides that have come under scrutiny for non-target effects, can elevate spider mite populations. Both water-stress and neonicotinoids independently alter plant resistance against herbivores. Yet, the interaction between these two factors on spider mites is unclear, particularly for Banks grass mite (Oligonychus pratensis; BGM). We conducted a field study to examine the effects of water-stress (optimal irrigation = 100% estimated evapotranspiration (ET) replacement, water stress = 25% of the water provided to optimally irrigated plants) and neonicotinoid seed treatments (control, clothianidin, thiamethoxam) on resident mite populations in corn (Zea mays, hybrid KSC7112). Our field study was followed by a manipulative field cage study and a parallel greenhouse study, where we tested the effects of water-stress and neonicotinoids on BGM and plant responses. We found that water-stress and clothianidin consistently increased BGM densities, while thiamethoxam-treated plants only had this effect when plants were mature. Water-stress and BGM herbivory had a greater effect on plant defenses than neonicotinoids alone, and the combination of BGM herbivory with the two abiotic factors increased the concentration of total soluble proteins. These results suggest that spider mite outbreaks by combinations of changes in plant defenses and protein concentration are triggered by water-stress and neonicotinoids, but the severity of the infestations varies depending on the insecticide active ingredient.
Data from: Water stress strengthens mutualism among ants, trees, and scale insects
Abiotic environmental variables strongly affect the outcomes of species interactions. For example, mutualistic interactions between species are often stronger when resources are limited. The effect might be indirect: water stress on plants can lead to carbon stress, which could alter carbon-mediated plant mutualisms. In mutualistic ant–plant symbioses, plants host ant colonies that defend them against herbivores. Here we show that the partners' investments in a widespread ant–plant symbiosis increase with water stress across 26 sites along a Mesoamerican precipitation gradient. At lower precipitation levels, Cordia alliodora trees invest more carbon in Azteca ants via phloem-feeding scale insects that provide the ants with sugars, and the ants provide better defense of the carbon-producing leaves. Under water stress, the trees have smaller carbon pools. A model of the carbon trade-offs for the mutualistic partners shows that the observed strategies can arise from the carbon costs of rare but extreme events of herbivory in the rainy season. Thus, water limitation, together with the risk of herbivory, increases the strength of a carbon-based mutualism.
Data from: Does water shortage generate water stress? An ecohydrological approach across Mediterranean plant communities
The interactions between hydrological and ecological processes are key issues to improve our predictions of ecosystem responses to increasing droughts. However, predicting the dynamics and the impacts of vegetation water stress remains challenging because of complex ecohydrological feedbacks. The ecohydrological optimality approach proposes that functional adjustments within plant communities may buffer the increase in vegetation water stress despite local water shortage. This study aimed to test whether vegetation water stress may be invariant across contrasting plant communities, reflecting possible optimality processes. We addressed the following question: does a lower soil water storage capacity under the same climate generate greater vegetation water stress over time? We hypothesized that vegetation water stress would be buffered around a low and constant level through the adjustment of vegetation biomass productivity net primary productivity (NPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and/or water-use efficiency (WUE) in relation with local soil water storage capacity. We monitored 12 native plant communities distributed along a gradient of soil water storage capacity (ranging from 20 mm to 120 mm) during five successive years. Net primary productivity, ET, WUE as well as soil water dynamics were assessed and modelled for each plant community throughout the 5 years of study. Vegetation water stress was determined for each plant community as the deviation of between actual ET and their maximum ETm rate achieved under non-limiting conditions. We found that NPP and ET were together proportionally related to local soil water storage capacity across the 5 years of study while WUE did not differ between plant communities. Vegetation water stress was found quite similar for all plant communities whatever the soil water storage capacity. These results suggested that vegetation water stress was strongly buffered by the community-level plant growth rates and total water use along the soil gradient, but not by WUE. Our results suggest that stressful environments rarely exist for plant communities. A dynamic scaling relationship between NPP and ET may underpin the control of vegetation water stress over seasonal and pluriannual time-scales. Such results could contribute to better understanding processes associated with ecohydrological optimality and improve the predictions of vegetation dynamics under increasing droughts.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.