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205 results for “wing pattern”
Data from: EB Ford revisited: assessing the long-term stability of wing-spot patterns and population genetic structure of the meadow brown butterfly on the Isles of Scilly
Understanding selection in the wild remains a major aim of evolutionary ecology and work by Ford and colleagues on the meadow brown butterfly Maniola jurtina did much to ignite this agenda. A great deal of their work was conducted during the 1950s on the Isles of Scilly. They documented island-specific wing-spot patterns that remained consistent over about a decade, but patterns on some islands changed after environmental perturbation. It was suggested that these wing-spot patterns reflected island-specific selection and that there was little migration between islands. However, genetic studies to test the underlying assumption of restricted migration are lacking and it is also unknown whether the originally described wing-spot patterns have persisted over time. We therefore collected female butterflies from five of Ford's original study locations, including three large islands (St Mary's, St Martin's and Tresco) and two small islands (Tean and St Helen's). Wing-spot patterns had not changed appreciably over time on three of the islands (two large and one small), but were significantly different on the other two. Furthermore, analysis of 176 amplified fragment length polymorphisms revealed significant genome-wide differentiation among the five islands. Our findings are consistent with Ford's conclusions that despite the close proximity of these islands, there is restricted gene flow among them.
Data from: Helper effects in the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyana in relation to highly-clumped nesting pattern and high frequency of conspecific nest-raiding
In avian cooperative breeding systems, many benefits obtained by social pairs from the presence of helpers have been uncovered. However, until now, the factors that determine the type of assistance helpers provide and the responses of social pairs have not been well illustrated. We examined the contribution of helpers to cooperative groups and the relevant responses of dominant pairs in the azure-winged magpie Cyanapica cyana which breeds on the Tibetan Plateau. We used the capture–mark–recapture method to identify helpers. Results showed that helpers were mostly the yearling sons of dominant pairs. They mainly contributed to the cooperative group in three ways, courtship-feeding the incubation female, provisioning the brood, and defending the nest. For responses of dominant pairs, we unexpectedly found that clutch size was not influenced by the presence of helpers at the nest. However, cooperative groups had higher brood feeding rates than biparental nests and their feeding pattern also differed to that of the latter. Consequently, nestlings in cooperative groups had larger fledging body mass than that in biparental nests. By examining reasons for nest failure, we revealed that conspecific nest-raiding contributed to more nest failure than any other natural predators. Because of the contribution of helpers in defending against both predators and conspecific nest-raiders, cooperative groups had higher survival rate than biparental nests. Thus, our findings suggest that in a highly-clumped nesting pattern, factors concerning the risk of nest predation, rather than that influencing food supply, play an important role in determining helper effects and responses of aided dominant pairs.
FIGURES 20–26. Isoneuromyia wings, showing apical patterning. 20. I. splendida, n in New species of Isoneuromyia Brunetti (Diptera: Keroplatidae) from the Oriental Region
FIGURES 20–26. Isoneuromyia wings, showing apical patterning. 20. I. splendida, n. sp. 21. I. subapicalis, n. sp. 22. I. nigribasis, n. sp. 23. I. glabra, n. sp. 24. I. nigerrima, n. sp. 25. I. jata, n. sp. 26. I. yorki, n. sp.
FIGURES 8–10. Empidideicus rhinoclypeatus. 8. Wing. 9. Male abdomen showing typical pattern. 10 in A remarkable new species of Empidideicus (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) from Madagascar
FIGURES 8–10. Empidideicus rhinoclypeatus. 8. Wing. 9. Male abdomen showing typical pattern. 10. Female abdomen showing typical pattern.
FIGURES 23–26. Genitalia, left lateral view. 23. Coniceromyia browni new species. 24. C. hoggi new species. 25. C. sakaii new species. 26. C in Four distinctive new Neotropical species of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) with patterned-wings
FIGURES 23–26. Genitalia, left lateral view. 23. Coniceromyia browni new species. 24. C. hoggi new species. 25. C. sakaii new species. 26. C. valdesi new species.
FIGURES 1–4 in Four distinctive new Neotropical species of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) with patterned-wings
FIGURES 1–4. Foretibiae and foretarsi, dorsal view. 1. Coniceromyia browni new species (foretibia in posterior view). 2. C. hoggi new species. 3. C. sakaii new species. 4. C. valdesi new species.
FIGURES 13–14 in Four distinctive new Neotropical species of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) with patterned-wings
FIGURES 13–14. Photographs, wings, dorsal view. 13. Coniceromyia browni new species. 14. C. hoggi new species.
FIGURES 9– 12 in Four distinctive new Neotropical species of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) with patterned-wings
FIGURES 9– 12. Scanning electron micrographs, hind femora, posterior view, low magnification and high magnification. 9–10. Coniceromyia sakaii new species. 11–12. C. valdesi new species.
FIGURES 5–8 in Four distinctive new Neotropical species of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) with patterned-wings
FIGURES 5–8. Scanning electron micrographs, hind femora, posterior view, low magnification and high magnification. 5–6. Coniceromyia browni new species. 7–8. C. hoggi new species.
FIGURES 4–8 in A new species of Te ph rit is Latreille (Diptera: Tephritidae) with an unusual wing pattern from Iran and its taxonomic implications
FIGURES 4–8. Tephritis sahandi sp. nov., paratype 3. 4. Abdomen, dissected, ventral view. 5. Epandrium, posterior view. 6. Epandrium and hypandrium, lateral right view. 7. Glans of phallus, lateral. 8. Ejaculatory apodeme.
FIGURES 1–3 in A new species of Te ph rit is Latreille (Diptera: Tephritidae) with an unusual wing pattern from Iran and its taxonomic implications
FIGURES 1–3. Tephritis sahandi sp. nov. (1–2) and T. volkovitshi (3): 1. paratype ♀, total view, dorsal. 2–3. Wings.
FIGURES 9–17 in A new species of Te ph rit is Latreille (Diptera: Tephritidae) with an unusual wing pattern from Iran and its taxonomic implications
FIGURES 9–17. Tephritis sahandi sp. nov., paratype Ƥ. 9. Abdomen, dissected, ventral view. 10. Abdominal sternites 3–6, ventral view. 11. Apex of oviscape and eversible membrane, ventral view. 12. Apex of oviscape and basal half of eversible membrane, dorsal view. 13. Aculeus, ventral view. 14. Same, apex. 15. Spermathecae. 16. Ventral receptacle. 17. Egg.
FIGURE 4 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 4. Identification of dorsal (grey letters overlaying photographs) and ventral (color coded on separate diagrams) wing pattern elements for four brassoline species. The phylogeny on the left is based on Penz (2007) and results of this study, with Opsiphanes left unresolved. A, Mielkella singularis male; Mexico, Chiapas. B, Orobrassolis ornamentalis male; Brazil, São Paulo, Umuarama [Campos do Jordão]. C, Blepolenis bassus male; Brazil [no other data]. D, Opsiphanes sallei male; Peru, Huanoabamba.
FIGURE 1 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 1. Adult Blepolenis butterflies of both sexes in dorsal (D) and ventral (V) views, including dissection or collection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. A, Blepolenis bassus male D&V, Brazil, 08-41. B, B. bassus female D&V, São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01-32. C, B. bassus female D, Campos do Jordão-Lagoinha, [São Paulo] MZSP 13714. D, B. bassus male D, Murtinho, E. Parana, MZSP 13711. E, B. batea male D&V, Santa Catarina, 08-38. F, B. batea female D&V, Santa Catarina. G, B. batea male D&V, Itatiba, São Paulo, MZSP 13719. H, B. batea male D, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06-15. I, B. batea male D, Porto Alegre, MZSP 13709. J, B. batea male D, S. Paulo, 09-04, MZSP 13718. K, B. batea male D, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01-33. L, B. catharinae male D, no locality, specimen from the Fruhstorfer Collection, B.M.[N.H.] 1937-285. M, B. catharinae male D&V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. N, B. catharinae female D&V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. O, B. catharinae male D, no locality, 09-15, MZSP 13710. P, B. catharinae male V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina.
FIGURE 2 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 2. Blepolenis male and female genitalia, including dissection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. Male genitalia is illustrated in lateral and ventral views (setae omitted from right side of figure to emphasize the shape), an outline of the tegumen is given in dorsal view, and outlines of the distal portion of the valva in lateral view show the variation in the dorsal, subterminal spines. The ventral view of female sterigma includes most, but not all the length of the lateral arms. All drawings in the same scale except for corpus bursa; scale bars 1 mm, appearing under A and C. A, Blepolenis bassus male, Murtinho, Paraná, 09-14. B, B. bassus male valvae, top figure is the left valva of the specimen in A; bottom left, Brazil, 01-31; bottom right, Brazil, 08- 41. C, B. bassus female (the irregular signa are an artifact of preparation), São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01-32. D, B. batea male, Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais, 09-05. E, B. batea male valvae, top to bottom, left to right: Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01-33; S. Paulo, 09-04; Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06-15; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina, 08-42. F, B. batea female, Santa Catarina, 06-16. G, B. catharinae male, Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 09-01. H, no data, 09-15. I, Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 09-02.
FIGURE 5 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 5. Diagram of the wing venation of Opsiphanes and Blepolenis. A, O. cassiae cassia (Linnaeus) male, annotated from Stichel (1909) showing terminology in German used by workers of that time, including the original description of Blepolenis by Röber (1906). B, B. batea male, vein thickness not to scale, labeled using the Comstock-Needham terminology. Scale bar refers to B only.
FIGURE 3 in Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 3. Bayesian inference of phylogeny and times of divergence. Numbers above branches are posterior probabilities of the nodes to the right of the number (see Methods), and selected color and morphological character changes are listed below branches (see text for description). Time periods are given above (epoch names) and below (millions of years) the phylogeny. The grey bars overlapping with tree branches represent confidence intervals for estimated divergence times.
FIGURES 133–136. Main wing color patterns. 133 in Taxonomy of Neomuscina Townsend (Diptera, Muscidae) from Brazil
FIGURES 133–136. Main wing color patterns. 133. Neomuscina schadei; 134. N. pictipennis pictipennis; 135. N. zosteris; 136. N. nigricosta. (Scale 1 mm)
FIGURES 8–14. Alepia copelata Quate, male. 8. Head. 9. Wing with infuscate pattern. 10–11. Male terminalia dorsal view. 10. Aedeagal complex. 11 in A new species and records of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from Argentina
FIGURES 8–14. Alepia copelata Quate, male. 8. Head. 9. Wing with infuscate pattern. 10–11. Male terminalia dorsal view. 10. Aedeagal complex. 11. Epandrium and cerci with accessory tenáculas. 12. Palpus. 13. Antenna: flagellomeres 13–14. 14. Antenna: flagelomeres 1–2. All measures in mm.
FIGURES 19–24 in New neotropical species of Trupanea (Diptera: Tephritidae) with unusual wing patterns
FIGURES 19–24. Male fore leg: 19–21, T. dimorphica, right leg, posterior, dorsal and anterior (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT00050051); 22, T. fasciata, left leg, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT00744480); 23–24, T. trivittata, left leg, posterior and dorsal (apical 2 tarsomeres missing) (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT00654434).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.