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Fig. 16 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 16. Tetralycosa baudinettei sp. nov., ♂, holotype (WAM T141307) and ♀, paratype (SAM NN21896). A–B. Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view. C. Left male pedipalp, palea section of bulbus, ventral view. D–E. Female epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bar: A–B =1.38 mm; C = 0.76 mm; D–E = 1.26.

Fig. 21 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 21. Tetralycosa floundersi sp. nov. and T. rebecca sp. nov., distribution records in Australia.

Fig. 12 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 12. Tetralycosa wundurra (McKay, 1979) comb. nov. A–B. Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view (WAM T62785). C. Left male pedipalp, palea section of bulbus, ventral view (WAM T62785). D. Female epigyne, ventral view (holotype QM S96). E–F. Female epigyne, ventral and dorsal views (WAM T47205). Scale bar: A–B = 0.86 mm; C = 0.51 mm; D–F = 0.80 mm.

Fig. 15 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 15. Tetralycosa alteripa (McKay, 1976), ♂ (WAM T47354) and ♀, paratype (WAM T47356). A. Male carapace, lateral view. B–C. Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view. D. Left male pedipalp, palea section of bulbus, ventral view. E–F. Female epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bar: A = 8.83 mm; B–C = 2.56 mm; D = 1.47 mm; E–F = 1.91 mm.

Fig. 11 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 11. Tetralycosa orariola sp. nov., ♂, holotype (WAM T62787) and ♀, paratype (WAM T62788). A–B. Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view. C. Left male pedipalp, palea section of bulbus, ventral view. D–E. Female epigyne, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bar: A–B = 1.09 mm; C = 0.57 mm; D–E = 0.78.

Fig. 10. Tetralycosa Roewer, 1960 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 10. Tetralycosa Roewer, 1960, microscopic photographs showing dorsal and ventral views. A–B. T. orariola sp. nov., ♂, holotype (WAM T62787). C–D. T. orariola sp. nov., ♀, paratype (WAM T62788). E–F. T. wundurra (McKay, 1979), ♂ (WAM T70503). G–H. T. wundurra (McKay, 1979), ♀ (WAM T70296). Scale bars: A–H = 2.00 mm.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 1. Typical habitats and live images of Tetralycosa Roewer, 1960. A. Salt lake (southern Lake Lefroy, Western Australia), where T. alteripa (McKay, 1976) and T. baudinettei sp. nov. can be found. B. T. alteripa (McKay, 1976), burrow on Lake Lefroy. C. T. alteripa (McKay, 1976), ♀ from Lake Lefroy. D. Sea shore (Cottesloe Beach, Western Australia), where T. oraria (L. Koch, 1876) can be found. E. T. oraria (L. Koch, 1876), ♂ from Cottesloe Beach (WAM T65606). F. T. oraria (L. Koch, 1876), ♂ from Safety Beach (Western Australia) (WAM T65111).

Fig. 24 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 24. Tetralycosa eyrei (Hickman, 1944), ♂ (SAM NN21737) and ♀ (SAM NN13814). A–B. Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view. C. Left male pedipalp, palea section of bulbus, ventral view. D–E. Female epigyne, ventral and dorsal views. Scale bar: A–B = 1.89 mm; C = 1.23 mm; D–E = 1.26 mm.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 7. Tetralycosa arabanae (Framenau, Gotch & Austin, 2006), ♂, paratype (SAM NN13887) and ♀ (WAM T47297, T47296). A–B. Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view. C. Left male pedipalp, palea section of bulbus, ventral view. D. Female epigyne, ventral view (WAM T47297). E. Female epigyne, dorsal view (WAM T47296). Scale bar: A–B = 1.02 mm; C = 0.32 mm; D–E = 1.00.

Fig. 23 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 23. Tetralycosa adarca sp. nov. A–B. Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view (holotype SAM NN21882). C. Left male pedipalp, palea section of bulbus, ventral view (SAM NN21888). D–E. Female epigyne, ventral and dorsal view (paratype SAM NN21732). Scale bar: A–B = 2.34 mm; C = 1.37 mm; D–E = 1.82.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis of Tetralycosa Roewer, 1960 based on 31 morphological and one ecological characters. A. Basal branches including outgroups. B. Terminal salt lake clade (L = 71, Ci = 61, Ri = 80). Bremer support values> 1 are indicated by numbers in squares below the respective node.

Fig. 9 in Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

Fig. 9. Tetralycosa oraria (L. Koch, 1876), T. arabanae (Framenau, Gotch & Austin, 1976) and T. caudex sp. nov., distribution records in Australia.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2014View details →

Figure 1 in Winter-active wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in thermal habitats from western Romania

Figure 1. Map of the surveyed localities with thermal habitats in western Romania (1, Moneasa; 2, Ciocaia; 3, Roşiori; 4, Roşiori/Tămăşeu; 5, Săcuieni I; 6, Săcuieni II; 7, Curtici; 8, Socodor; 9, Chiribiş; 10, Chişlaz; 11, Livada de Bihor; 12, Mădăras; 13, Răbăgani; 14, Sânnicolau de Munte; 15, Tărian; 16, Acâş; 17, Beltiug; 18, Mihăieni; 19, Chiraleu; 20, Oradea; 21, Săcuieni III; 22, Tămăşeu; AR = Arad county, BH = Bihor county, SM = Satu Mare county).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Supplement A. Wolf et al: 'Western Caucasus regional hydroclimate controlled by cold-season temperature variability since the Last Glacial Maximum'

This repository contains all proxy data presented in A. Wolf et al, "Western Caucasus regional hydroclimate controlled by cold-season temperature variability since the Last Glacial Maximum". The data can be used to replicate figures and analyses presented in the main text. Additionally, data can be accessed in the supplement material and in the data availability statement.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Intensive male competition caused severity of trauma in female genital tracts predicts female reproductive success and longevity in strictly monandrous wolf spiders

This is the raw data for the manuscript of Dr. Shichang Zhang from Hubei University entitled: Intensive male competition caused severity of trauma in female genital tracts predicts female reproductive success and longevity in strictly monandrous wolf spiders.

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Data from: Not afraid of the Big Bad Wolf: calls from large predators do not silence mesopredators

Large predators are known to shape the behavior and ecology of sympatric predators via conflict and competition, with mesopredators thought to avoid large predators, while dogs suppress predator activity and act as guardians of human property. However, interspecific communication between predators has not been well-explored and this assumption of avoidance may oversimplify the responses of the species involved. We explored the acoustic activity of three closely related sympatric canids: wolves Canis lupus, coyotes Canis latrans, and dogs Canis familiaris. These species have an unbalanced triangle of risk: coyotes, as mesopredators, are at risk from both apex-predator wolves and human-associated dogs, while wolves fear dogs, and dogs may fear wolves as apex predators or challenge them as intruders into human-allied spaces. We predicted that risk perception would dictate vocal response with wolves and dogs silencing coyotes as well as dogs silencing wolves. Dogs, in their protective role of guarding human property, would respond to both. Eleven passive acoustic monitoring devices were deployed across 13 nights in Central Wisconsin, and we measured the responses of each species to naturally occurring heterospecific vocalizations. Against our expectation, silencing did not occur. Instead, coyotes were not silenced by either species: when hearing wolves, coyotes responded at greater than chance rates and when hearing dogs, coyotes did not produce fewer calls than chance rates. Similarly, wolves responded at above chance rates to coyotes and at chance rates when hearing dogs. Only the dogs followed our prediction and responded at above chance rates in response to both coyotes and wolves. Thus, instead of silencing their competitors, canid vocalizations elicit responses from them suggesting the existence of a complex heterospecific communication network.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Fig. 3 in A New Record And А Taxonomic Review With Checklist Of Wolf Spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) From Iraq

Fig. 3. Epigyne of Evippa amitaii Armiach Steinpress, Alderweireldt, Cohen, Chipman & Gavish-Regev, 2021. Scale bar 0.2 mm.

Fig. 1 in A New Record And А Taxonomic Review With Checklist Of Wolf Spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) From Iraq

Fig. 1. Map of collection localities: Thi Qar, Ur district (red circle); Basrah, Qarmat Ali, Al Mashab (yellow star); Basrah, Qarmat Ali, Al Khait (green square).

Fig. 5 in A New Record And А Taxonomic Review With Checklist Of Wolf Spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) From Iraq

Fig. 5. Pardosa roscai (Roewer, 1951): A — dorsal habitus; B — ventral habitus; C— epigyne. Scale bar 1 mm (A–B); scale bar 0.25 mm (C).

Fig. 2 in Tapeworms detected in wolf populations in Central Italy (Umbria and Marche regions): A long-term study

Fig. 2. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree of the sequenced Taenia species and E. granulosus s.s. G3. Maximum Composite Likelihood method, 1000 bootstraps (MEGA11 Software).