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Figure 5 in Microscopic analysis of the developing dentition in the pouch young of the extinct marsupial Thylacinus cynocephalus, with an assessment of other developmental stages and eruption
Figure 5. Longitudinal section through large successional upper canine, with disrupted dentin and well -developed enamel. d, dentin; e, enamel.
Figure 8. Late bell stage successor P3 in Microscopic analysis of the developing dentition in the pouch young of the extinct marsupial Thylacinus cynocephalus, with an assessment of other developmental stages and eruption
Figure 8. Late bell stage successor P3. This tooth lies anterior to dP3 and it lacks dentin and enamel. lsl, short segment of lingual successional lamina; t, tongue.
Figure 2. Sibling pouch young thylacines. A, NMV C5754 in Microscopic analysis of the developing dentition in the pouch young of the extinct marsupial Thylacinus cynocephalus, with an assessment of other developmental stages and eruption
Figure 2. Sibling pouch young thylacines. A, NMV C5754, male specimen sectioned for histology images; B, NMV C 5757, female specimen, used by Feigin et al. (2018) for genomic analysis.
Figure 14 in Microscopic analysis of the developing dentition in the pouch young of the extinct marsupial Thylacinus cynocephalus, with an assessment of other developmental stages and eruption
Figure 14. Images of the head, skull, and dentition of the thylacine pouch young from the Australian Museum (AM P 762). A, X-ray of the skull, showing deciduous and successional teeth in varying stages of development and early eruption; B, Head and upper body of the pouch young, prior to X-ray analysis; C, Higher magnification of a portion of the X-ray shown in figure A, with emphasis on the erupted lower dp3, and the unerupted but larger successional p3 immediately anterior to it.
Data from: Sleep and subjective age: Protect your sleep if you want to feel young
<p>The current studies examined the impact of insufficient sleep and sleepiness on the subjective experience of age. Study 1, a cross-sectional study of 429 participants (282 females (66%), 144 males, 3 other; age range 18-70) showed that for each additional day of insufficient sleep in the last 30 days, subjective age increased by 0.23 years. Study 2, an experimental crossover sleep restriction study (N = 186; 102 females (55%); 84 males; age range 18-46) showed that two nights of sleep restriction (4h in bed/night) made people feel 4.44 years older compared to sleep saturation (9h in bed/night). Additionally, moving from feeling extremely alert (KSS score of 1) to feeling extremely sleepy (KSS score of 9) was associated with feeling 10 years older in both studies. These findings provide compelling support for insufficient sleep and sleepiness to exert a substantial influence on how old we feel, and that safeguarding sleep is likely a key factor in feeling young.<strong> </strong></p>
THE NATURE OF X-RAYS FROM YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN THE ORION NEBULA CLUSTER - A Chandra HETGS Legacy Project
<p><span>This first release provides the community with a first cut of confusion cleaned X-ray spectra of the Orion Nebula Cluster observed with the HETG onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The data were taken starting in 1999 until 2021. <br><br>The confusion cleaning is based on several aspects of sources for confusion, which includes cluster point sources intersecting with grating dispersions, grating arms intersecting each other in CCD space, as well as grating dispersion overlaps prohibiting proper order sorting. The latter is a major effect and resulted in sometimes severe data losses. In the first release, our automated procedure took care of the vast majority of point sources and grating arm intersections. With respect to the dispersion arm overlaps, in this release we took a statistical approach optimizing the agreement of all four grating dispersion arms in the merged data to agree within a 1 sigma statistical uncertainty over 90% of the bandpass between 2 and 15 Angstrom. For that we used the zero order flux fractions of the interfering sources as the driving parameter. <br><br>There are still many caveats and rooms for improvement, which we will address in upcoming releases, which include the treatment of the increasing background at high dispersion, improve extraction efficiency, exclude observations with non-detections before confusion cleaning, include possible new detections, investigate the 5 A excess we observe in the HEG, though at low statistics, spotcheck individual observations for any residual issues. <br><br>Release 1 provides the community with an excellent starting point for addressing our identified science projects. Out of the 46 sources that were extracted, 37 resulted in valid spectral data. 7 sources have less than 1000 counts in 1st order, some of those may not yet be very useful. <br></span></p> <p> </p> <p>Each directory contains the merged cleaned spectrum and responses for<br>one source. The file "pha2" is a Type II PHA file (multiple spectra)<br>containing the four first order spectra, HEG -1, HEG +1, MEG -1, and<br>MEG +1. Headers have been edited indicate the object (OBJECT), and<br>start and stop times for the set of observations. Since the exposure<br>depends on order, due to the cleaning process, EXPOSURE is a column in<br>the data table. Some other keywords now say "MERGED" since they can<br>vary with observation.</p> <p>There is one effective area file per order (".arf" files). These have<br>also been merged by zeroing out the same regions as excluded in the<br>count spectra, and summed weighting by exposure. They also have<br>similar header edits as for the spectra.</p> <p>While the exposures in headers may say 2 Ms, the actual exposure at<br>any wavelength may be much less. This is not explicitly known, but is<br>implicit in the ignored wavelength regions in the merged counts and<br>responses.</p> <p>There is one grating response matrix (".rmf" files) per order. Since<br>all spectral extractions of all sources used the same cross-dispersion<br>region, there is no change in these files between sources. One set<br>suffices for all extractions. These are in the directory "RMFs", and<br>also for convenience have symbolic links in each source directory.</p> <p>HETG background files have also been provided, one PHA file per first<br>order, in directory HETG_Background. These have been derived from<br>long observations of blank fields. Details are provided in the<br>accompanying memo, hetg_background.pdf.</p> <p>Headers have not been designed for auto-loading of responses (that is<br>CORRFILE, RESPFILE, and BACKFILE are set to 'none').</p>
Asteroseismology of the young open cluster NGC 2516 I: Photometric and spectroscopic observations
<p>A column-to-column explaination is here:</p> <p>gaia_dr3_source_id: Gaia DR3 source ID</p> <p>TIC: TIC number</p> <p>gaia_RA: RA by Gaia</p> <p>gaia_DEC: DEC by Gaia</p> <p>gaia_G_apparent_mag: Gaia G band magnitude</p> <p>gaia_G_apparent_mag_err: Gaia G band magnitude uncertainty</p> <p>gaia_G_absolute_mag: Gaia G band absolute magnitude, without the correction of extinction</p> <p>gaia_G_absolute_mag_err: uncertainty of gaia_G_absolute_mag</p> <p>log_Luminosity: log of luminosity, calculated by Gaia effective temperature, with the bolometric correction and extinction correction. Use with caution.</p> <p>log_Luminosity_err: uncertainty of log_Luminosity</p> <p>Gaia_Teff: effective temperature provided by Gaia. Use with caution.</p> <p>Gaia_Teff_err: uncertainty of Gaia_Teff. Use with caution. A uncertainty value of '100' means the temperature is absent by Gaia, so we use the temperature from the TIC input catalog.</p> <p>BP-RP: Gaia colour index.</p> <p>BP-RP_err: uncertainty of BP-RP</p> <p>Teff_by_spectra: effective temperature by FEROS spectra, better than Gaia_Teff, only available for nine stars. "9999" means no data available.</p> <p>Teff_by_spectra_err: uncertainty of Teff_by_spectra. "9999" means no data available.</p> <p>log_L_by_Teff_spectra: log of luminosity calculated by Teff_by_spectra, with the bolometric correction and extinction correction, better than log_Luminosity.</p> <p>log_L_by_Teff_spectra_err: uncertainty of log_L_by_Teff_spectra</p> <p>spectra_logg: log g by FEROS spectra, only available for nine stars. "9999" means no data available.</p> <p>spectra_logg_err: uncertainty of spectra_logg</p> <p>spectra_vsini: projected equatorial velocity by FEROS spectra, only available for nine stars. "9999" means no data available.</p> <p>spectra_vsini_err: uncertainty of spectra_vsini</p> <p>spectra_matellicity: matellicity by FEROS spectra, only available for nine stars. "9999" means no data available.</p> <p>spectra_matellicity_err: uncertainty of spectra_matellicity</p> <p>spectra_radial_velocity: radial velocity by FEROS spectra, only available for nine stars. "9999" means no data available.</p> <p>spectra_radial_velocity_err: uncertainty of spectra_radial_velocity</p> <p>spectra_microturbulent: microturbulent velocity by FEROS spectra, only available for nine stars. "9999" means no data available.</p> <p>spectra_microturbulent_err: uncertainty of spectra_microturbulent</p> <p>spectra_SNR: signal-to-noise ratio of the FEROS spectra</p> <p>Pi0: asymptotic spacing of g modes, measured by g modes, only available for 11 stars. '9999' means no data available.</p> <p>Pi0_err: uncertainty of Pi0</p> <p>core_rotation_g_mode: near-core rotation rate in unit of days^{-1}, measured by g modes, only available for 11 stars. '9999' means no data available.</p> <p>surface_modulation_period: surface rotation period measured by surface modulations. '9999' means no data available.</p> <p>surface_modulation_period_err: uncertainty of surface_modulation_period</p> <p> </p>
Figure 4. Longitudinal section through I4 and transverse section through smaller I3. e in Microscopic analysis of the developing dentition in the pouch young of the extinct marsupial Thylacinus cynocephalus, with an assessment of other developmental stages and eruption
Figure 4. Longitudinal section through I4 and transverse section through smaller I3. e, disrupted enamel.
RAYUELA - Open Data (small) Preliminary Pilots - Data collected through a serious game created to identify patterns and profiles of young potential victims/perpetrators of cybercrimes.
<p>The data of this dataset have been collected in the pilots carried out by the RAYUELA project in different countries of the European Union. The participants are minors and the game sessions have been carried out in schools and summer camps in a supervised way.</p> <p>This is the first version of a larger dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10604760</p>
Dataset accompanying "A new species of Mesolepis from the Late Carboniferous of Scotland, with especial reference to Mesolepis wardi Young"
<p>This dataset accompanies the manuscript "A new species of <em>Mesolepis </em>from the Late Carboniferous of Scotland, with especial reference to <em>Mesolepis wardi </em>Young" (<span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691024000094" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691024000094</a>)</span> and comprises the following items: </p> <p>- <em>Mesolepis arabellae</em> GLAHM 163398/1 (part) raw data (TIFF stack, zipped)</p> <p>- <em>Mesolepis arabellae</em> GLAHM 163398/1 (part) .mcs file</p> <p><em>- Mesolepis arabellae</em> GLAHM 163398/1 (part) .ply files (zipped)</p> <p>- <em>Mesolepis arabellae</em> GLAHM 163398/2 (counterpart) raw data (TIFF stack, zipped)</p> <p><em>- Mesolepis arabellae</em> GLAHM 163398/2 (counterpart).mcs file</p> <p>- <em>Mesolepis arabellae</em> GLAHM 163398/2 (counterpart) .ply files (zipped)</p> <p>- <em>Mesolepis arabellae </em>GLAHM 163398/2 (fin region) raw data (TIFF stack, zipped)</p> <p><em>- Mesolepis arabellae</em> GLAHM 163398/2 (fin region) .mcs file</p> <p>- <em>Mesolepis arabellae </em>GLAHM 163398/2 (fin region) .ply file</p>
BAM reference data: Temperature-dependent Young's and shear modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of Ni-based alloy Inconel IN718
<p>This BAM reference dataset reports the elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of Ni-based alloy Inconel IN718 between room temperature and 800 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser powder bed fusion, PBF‑LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled bar). It was generated in an accredited test laboratory using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data.</p>
BAM reference data: Temperature-dependent Young's and shear modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of Ti-6Al-4V
<p>This BAM reference dataset reports the elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V between room temperature and 400 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser-based directed energy deposition with powder as feedstock, DED-LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled bar). It was generated in an accredited test laboratory using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data.</p>
BAM reference data: Temperature-dependent Young's and shear modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L
<p><span>This BAM reference dataset reports the elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L between room temperature and 900 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser powder bed fusion, PBF</span><span>‑</span><span>LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled sheet). It was generated in an accredited test laboratory using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data.</span></p>
INTAROS CTD mooring data from Young Sound, NE Greenland (2018-2021)
<p>Greenland fjords are currently undergoing significant ecosystem change due to unprecedented melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS).The rapidly increasing discharge of GrIS meltwater not only influences circulation patterns and stratification of the water column, but it also introduces large fluxes of inorganic sediments and organic material that are suspended in the water column. These inputs can limit light availability to primary producers. However, data is still limited for most Greenland fjord systems and there is an especial paucity of data showing yearly cycles. The Integrated Arctic Observation System (INTAROS) project funded by the European Commission’s H2020 programme allowed for the deployment of two moorings equipped with CTDs in the Young Sound fjord system––one in the inner fjord closest to GrIS meltwater discharge and another in the outer fjord region. This dataset reports the temperature and salinity recorded on these two moorings over 3 yearly cycles from August 2018 to August 2021. The moored CTDs were RBR Maestro<sup>3</sup> and Concerto<sup>3</sup> and were deployed at ~10 and ~20m in the inner and outer fjord respectively. Data were recorded at 2 Hz with measurements taken at 5min–1h intervals and raw data were processed using RBR Ruskin software. This dataset is made up of comma separated CSV files separated by mooring and year.</p> <p>We would like to thank Carl Isaksen and MarineBasis, Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme (<a href="https://g-e-m.dk/">https://g-e-m.dk</a>) for assistance during deployment. The moorings were funded by the EU Horizon2020 funded project INTAROS (grant no. 727890). </p>
Fig. 21. Paracephaelis tiliacea Baill. A. Flowering branch. B. Branch bearing young infructescence. C. Stipule. D in Monograph of the western Indian Ocean genus Paracephaelis (Rubiaceae - Pavetteae), with description of thirteen new species
Fig. 21. Paracephaelis tiliacea Baill. A. Flowering branch. B. Branch bearing young infructescence. C. Stipule. D. Bracteole, ovary and calyx. E. Corolla, stamens, style and stigma. Drawn by Mr A. Fernandez. From Davis et al. 2585 (A, C–E) and Pervillé 633 (B).
An Aligned Orbit for the Young Planet V1298 Tau b
<p>Code, data, and MCMC chains associated with the article "An Aligned Orbit for the Young Planet V1298 Tau b," by Johnson et al. 2022 (accepted to The Astronomical Journal). Pre-print available at <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10707">arXiv</a>.</p> <p> </p>
Cardiopulmonary excercise breath-by-breath data during locomotion at variable speed in 28 healthy young subject
<p>Ergospyrometric evaluations are useful in physio-mechanics of locomotion.</p> <p>This dataset includes the raw ergospyrometric data of 28 young subjects during locomotion at variable speed, walk and run on a treadmill at different speeds and gaits.</p> <p>Characteristics of the experimental group:</p> <p>- gender: 28 males<br> - age: 32. 53 (10.99SD)<br> - height: 175.0 cm (0.008 SD)<br> - weight: 72.96 kg (9.51 SD)</p> <p>Equipments:<br> - Cosmed K5 wearable metabolic analyzer<br> - Software Cosmed Omnia v.1.6.5</p> <p>Experimental design:<br> -The Walking Run Transtition Speed(W-R Ts) were experimentally determined. Each subject was asked to perform 3 trials on a treadmill (GE T2100, General Electric, USA), with a staircase protocol of increasing speeds. The ramp was designed to start at a comfortable walking gait (3.0 km h-1), and to increase the speed by 0.5 km.h-1 each 15 s. When the subject started to run, the ramp was stopped and the speed marked down on a worksheet. The average or the modal transition speed was taken as the Ts of the subject. All the treadmill trials were performed in the Biomechanics Research and Movement Analyses Laboratory (LIBiAM) of the Universidad de la República in Paysandú (Uruguay), at a controlled temperature of 25ºC.</p> <p>The theoretical transition speed tTs was computed according to the Froude number equation (Alexander. 1976): v = (nFr g LL)0.5, where v is the theoretical speed, g is gravity, LL is the leg length and nFr the Froude number, which was set to the constant value of 0.5, corresponding to the W-R transition (Alexander & Jayes, 1983; Alexander, 2003; Bona et al., 2019).</p> <p>Experimental speed ramp:</p> <p>-A personalized ascending and descending speed ramp was designed, centered on the transition speed and ranged from (Ts= Transition speed) Ts-20% to Ts+20%, each step lasting 5 s. Each ramp cycle lasted 50 s, and was repeated 5 times, for a total trial time of 250 s. The trial was repeated twice.</p> <p>Note: not all the subject performed the entire protocol. In particular some data are lacking in track.</p> <p>Cost of Transport Analysis:</p> <p>- The resting O2 (RO2) consumption was computed as the averaged VO2 (ml/min/kg) of the 5' in orthostasis. - The trial O2 (TO2) consumption was computed as the averaged VO2 (ml/min/kg) of the last 2' of each speed trial - The exercise O2 (EO2) consumption was computed as TO2 - RO2 - The trial respiratory quotient (RQ) was computed as the averaged RQ (VCO2/VO2) of the last 2' of each speed trial - The RQ based Energetic Equivalent (EE) to transform mlO2 in Joules was derived from Di Prampero (2015). - The metabolic power (W/kg) was computed as (EO2 * EE) / 60 (remember that W = J/s) - The Cost of transport (J/kg/m) was computed by dividing the metabolic power for the speed (m/s) (Saibene and Minetti, 2003).</p> <p> All the participants signed an informed consent. The protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University (#311170-000921-19).<br> </p> <p>Dataset legend.</p> <p><br> Filename:<br> - Subject ID (S1, S2...)<br> - Contents (Orthostasis, Walk, Run, Skip and speed)<br> - Mode (CPET Breath by breath)<br> - Date and time<br> <br> Columns A to I<br> - General info (sensitive data were deleted)<br> - Speed and gait of the trial<br> - When resting in orthostasis was included, it was marked in green<br> Columns of interest (for the other columns please refer to the Cosmed K5 / Cosmed Omnia manuals)<br> <br> J = Time in sec.<br> O = VO2 oxygen consumption in ml/min<br> P = CO2 carbon dioxide production in ml/min<br> Q = RQ respiratory quotient (VCO2/VO2)<br> V = VO2/kg oxygen consumption per kg (ml/min/kg)<br> AI = Marker: Begin and End of each trial and of the resting in orthostasis have been marked</p> <p>Marked row are in yellow or green</p> <p>AJ-AN = Environmental data<br> BA-BF = GPS data</p> <p><br> </p>
Mean, standard deviation, and percentiles of the schema and domain scores of the German version of the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3) in a German opportunity sample (n=1,150)
<p>Mean, standard deviation, and percentiles of the schema and domain scores of the German version of the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3) in a German opportunity sample (n=1,150). Details are reported in: Kriston L, Schäfer J, Jacob GA, Härter M, Hölzel LP. Reliability and validity of the German version of the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3). <em>Eur J Psychol Assess</em> 2013; 29: 205-212.</p> <p>IMPORTANT: This is an opportunity sample that is not representative of any well-defined population. Accordingly, the values should not be used as reference or norm values for the German version of the YSQ-S3.</p>
Mittelwert, Standardabweichung und Perzentile der Schema- und Domänen-Scores der deutschen Version des Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3) in einer deutschen Gelegenheitsstichprobe (n=1150)
<p>Mittelwert, Standardabweichung und Perzentile der Schema- und Domänen-Scores der deutschen Version des Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3) in einer deutschen Gelegenheitsstichprobe (n=1150). Details sind beschrieben in: Kriston L, Schäfer J, Jacob GA, Härter M, Hölzel LP. Reliability and validity of the German version of the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3). <em>Eur J Psychol Assess</em> 2013; 29: 205-212.</p> <p>WICHTIG: Es handelt sich um eine Gelegenheitsstichprobe, die für keine gut definierbare Population repräsentativ ist. Dementsprechend sollten die Werte nicht als Referenz- oder Normwerte für die deutsche Version des YSQ-S3 verwendet werden.</p>
Sex-specific tuning of modular muscle activation patterns for locomotion in young and older adults
<p>There is increasing evidence that including sex as a biological variable is of crucial importance to promote rigorous, repeatable and reproducible science. In spite of this, the body of literature that accounts for the sex of participants in human locomotion studies is small and often produces controversial results. Here, we investigated the modular organization of muscle activation patterns for human locomotion using the concept of muscle synergies with a double purpose: i) uncover possible sex-specific characteristics of motor control and ii) assess whether these are maintained in older age. We recorded electromyographic activities from 13 ipsilateral muscles of the lower limb in young and older adults of both sexes walking (young and old) and running (young) on a treadmill. The data set obtained from the 215 participants was elaborated through non-negative matrix factorization to extract the time-independent (i.e., motor modules) and time-dependent (i.e., motor primitives) coefficients of muscle synergies. We found sparse sex-specific modulations of motor control. Motor modules showed a different contribution of hip extensors, knee extensors and foot dorsiflexors in various synergies. Motor primitives were wider (i.e., lasted longer) in males in the propulsion synergy for walking (but only in young and not in older adults) and in the weight acceptance synergy for running. Moreover, the complexity of motor primitives was similar in younger adults of both sexes, but lower in older females as compared to older males. In essence, our results revealed the existence of small but defined sex-specific differences in the way humans control locomotion and that these strategies are not entirely maintained in older age.</p> <p>In this supplementary data set we made available: a) the metadata with anonymized participant information; b) the raw EMG, already concatenated for the overground trials; c) the touchdown and lift-off timings of the recorded limb, d) the code to process the data. In total, 520 trials from 215 participants are included in the supplementary data set.</p> <p>The file “metadata.dat” is available in ASCII format and contains:</p> <ul> <li>Code: the participant’s code</li> <li>Group: the participant's group (G1=young adults, walking; G2=old adults, walking; G3=young adults, running)</li> <li>Sex: the participant’s sex (M or F)</li> <li>Locomotion: the type of locomotion (walking or running)</li> <li>Speed: the speed at which the recordings were conducted in [m/s]</li> <li>Speed_type: the distinction between fixed (decided by the researchers) or preferred (selected by the participant) speed</li> <li>Age: the participant’s age in years</li> <li>Height: the participant’s height in [cm]</li> <li>Mass: the participant’s body mass in [kg].</li> </ul> <p>The "RAW_DATA.RData" R list consists of elements of S3 class "EMG", each of which is a human locomotion trial containing cycle segmentation timings and raw electromyographic (EMG) data from 13 muscles of the right-side leg. Cycle times are structured as data frames containing two columns that correspond to touchdown (first column) and lift-off (second column). Raw EMG data sets are also structured as data frames with one row for each recorded data point and 14 columns. The first column contains the incremental time in seconds. The remaining 13 columns contain the raw EMG data, named with the following muscle abbreviations: ME = gluteus medius, MA = gluteus maximus, FL = tensor fasciæ latæ, RF = rectus femoris, VM = vastus medialis, VL = vastus lateralis, ST = semitendinosus, BF = biceps femoris, TA = tibialis anterior, PL = peroneus longus, GM = gastrocnemius medialis, GL = gastrocnemius lateralis, SO = soleus. Trials are named like “ID0020_M_YOUNG_TW_01,” where the characters “ID0020” indicate the participant number (in this example the 20th), the character “M” indicates the sex, the characters “YOUNG” indicate the age group, the characters “TW” indicate the locomotion type and environment (T=treadmill, W=walking, R=running), and the numbers “01” indicate the trial number.</p> <p><strong>Old versions not compatible with the R package <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=musclesyneRgies">musclesyneRgies</a></strong></p> <p>The files containing the gait cycle breakdown are available in RData format, in the file named “CYCLE_TIMES.RData”. The files are structured as data frames with one row for each gait cycle and two columns. The first column contains the touchdown incremental times in seconds. The second column contains the duration of each stance phase in seconds. Each trial is saved as an element of a single R list. Trials are named like “CYCLE_TIMES_ID0020_M_YOUNG_TW_01,” where the characters “CYCLE_TIMES” indicate that the trial contains the gait cycle breakdown times, the characters “ID0020” indicate the participant number (in this example the 20th), the character “M” indicates the sex, the characters “YOUNG” indicate the age group, the characters “TW” indicate the locomotion type and environment (T=treadmill, W=walking, R=running), and the numbers “01” indicate the trial number.</p> <p>The files containing the raw, filtered, and the normalized EMG data are available in RData format, in the files named “RAW_EMG.RData” and “FILT_EMG.RData”. The raw EMG files are structured as data frames with one row for each recorded data point and 14 columns. The first column contains the incremental time in seconds. The remaining 13 columns contain the raw EMG data, named with the following muscle abbreviations: ME = gluteus medius, MA = gluteus maximus, FL = tensor fasciæ latæ, RF = rectus femoris, VM = vastus medialis, VL = vastus lateralis, ST = semitendinosus, BF = biceps femoris, TA = tibialis anterior, PL = peroneus longus, GM = gastrocnemius medialis, GL = gastrocnemius lateralis, SO = soleus. Each trial is saved as an element of a single R list. Trials are named like “RAW_EMG_ID0003_F_OLD_TW_01”, where the characters “RAW_EMG” indicate that the trial contains raw emg data, the characters “ID0003” indicate the participant number (in this example the 3rd), the character “F” indicates the sex, the characters “OLD” indicate the age group, the characters “TW” indicate the locomotion type and environment (see above), and the numbers “01” indicate the trial number.</p> <p>All the code used for the pre-processing of EMG data and the extraction of muscle synergies is available in R format. Explanatory comments are profusely present throughout the script “muscle_synergies.R”. The latest version of this code can be found at https://github.com/alesantuz/musclesyneRgies.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.