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4,028 results for “Behaviour”
Behavioural and morphological traits influence sex-specific floral resource use by hummingbirds
<p>Research on resource partitioning in plant-pollinator mutualistic systems is mainly concentrated at the levels of species and communities, whereas differences between males and females are typically ignored. Nevertheless, pollinators often show large sexual differences in behaviour and morphology, which may lead to sex-specific patterns of resource use with the potential to differentially affect plant reproduction and diversification. We investigated variation in behavioural and morphological traits between sexes of hummingbird species as potential mechanisms underlying sex-specific flower resource use in ecological communities. To do so, we compiled a dataset of plant-hummingbird interactions based on pollen loads for 31 hummingbird species from 13 localities across the Americas, complemented by data on territorial behaviour (territorial or nonterritorial) and morphological traits (bill length, bill curvature, wing length and body mass). We assessed the extent of intersexual differences in niche breadth and niche overlap in floral resource use across hummingbird species. Then, we tested whether floral niche breadth and overlap between sexes are associated with sexual dimorphism in behavioural or morphological traits of hummingbird species, while accounting for evolutionary relatedness among the species. We found striking differences in patterns of floral resource use between sex. Females had a broader floral niche breadth and were more dissimilar in the plant species visited with respect to males of the same species, resulting in a high level of resource partitioning between sexes. We found that both territoriality and morphological traits were related to sex-specific resource use by hummingbird species. Notably, niche overlap between sexes was greater for territorial than nonterritorial species, and moreover, niche overlap was negatively associated with sexual dimorphism in bill curvature across hummingbird species. These results reveal the importance of behavioural and morphological traits of hummingbird species in sex-specific resource use and that resource partitioning by sex is likely to be an important mechanism to reduce intersexual competition in hummingbirds. These findings highlight the need for better understanding the putative role of intersexual variation in shaping patterns of interactions and plant reproduction in ecological communities.</p>
Effects of temperature on mating behaviour and mating success: a meta-analysis
<p>In light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand how populations will respond to rising temperatures. Understanding the effects of temperature changes on mating behaviour is particularly important, given its implications for population viability. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of 53 studies to examine how temperature changes influence mating latency, choosiness, and mating success. We hypothesized that if higher temperatures make mate searching and mate assessment more costly due to elevated metabolism, this may lead to a reduction in mating latency and choosiness, thereby increasing overall mating success. We found no evidence for an overall effect of temperature on mating latency, choosiness, or mating success. There was an increase in mating success when animals were exposed to higher temperatures during mating trials, but not when they were exposed before mating trials. In addition, in a subset of studies that measured both mating latency and mating success, there was a strong negative relationship between the effect sizes for these traits. This suggests that a decrease in mating latency at higher temperatures was associated with an increase in mating success and vice versa. In sum, our meta-analysis provides new insights into the effects of temperature on mating patterns. The absence of a consistent directional effect of temperature on mating behaviours and mating success suggests it may be difficult to predict changes in the strength of sexual selection in natural populations in a warming world. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that (i) higher temperatures during mating may lead to an increase in mating success and that (ii) an increase in mating success is associated with a decrease in mating latency.</p>
Dataset and R script for Collection and Processing of Behavioural Data of the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae, when Exposed to Olive Twigs Treated with Different Commercial Products
<p>We provide raw data and R script for analysis of data published in:</p> <p>1) Daher, E.; Cinosi, N.; Chierici, E.; Rondoni, G.; Famiani, F.; Conti, E. Field and Laboratory Efficacy of Low-Impact Commercial<br> Products in Preventing Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae, Infestation. Insects 2022, 13, 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13020213</p> <p>2) Daher, E.; Chierici, E.; Cinosi, N.; Rondoni, G.; Famiani, F.; Conti, E. Collection and Processing of Behavioural Data of the Olive Fruit Fly, <em>Bactrocera oleae</em>, when Exposed to Olive Twigs Treated with Different Commercial Products. <em>Data </em><strong>2022</strong>, <em>7</em>,</p>
Data from: Neuropeptide signalling shapes feeding and reproductive behaviours in male C. elegans
<p><span><span>Sexual dimorphism occurs where different sexes of the same species display differences in characteristics not limited to reproduction. For the nematode <em><span>Caenorhabditis elegans</span></em>, in which the complete neuroanatomy has been solved for both hermaphrodites and males, sexually dimorphic features have been observed both in terms of the number of neurons and in synaptic connectivity. In addition, male behaviours, such as food-leaving to prioritise searching for mates, have been attributed to neuropeptides released from sex-shared or sex-specific neurons.</span></span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p>This dataset compiles the results obtained in our investigation of how LURY-1 neuropeptides regulate feeding and mating behaviours in <em>C. elegans</em>. These contain confocal micrographs and z-stacks of fluorescence reporter imaging used to demonstrate the expression pattern of<em> lury-1</em> and <em>npr-22</em>, including micrographs used for cell identification of <em>lury-1</em> expressing neurons in the male worm. Other behavioural data from mating efficiency assays, pharyngeal pumping assays and food leaving assays are also shown. These include male turning behaviour examined through video recordings of male mating; the videos are also included as part of this dataset.</p> <p>In this study ("Neuropeptide signalling shapes feeding and reproductive behaviours in male <em>C. elegans</em>"), our findings indicate sex-specific roles of this peptide in feeding and reproduction in <em>C. elegans</em>. This provides further insight into neuromodulatory control of sexually dimorphic behaviours.</p>
Latvia: Behaviours and attitudes in response to the Covid-19 pandemics
<p>Web-based survey which was conducted in Latvia in 2020. The survey assesses the sociodemographic effects of the COVID-19 outbreak in Latvia. This survey is titled “Behaviours and attitudes in response to the Covid-19 pandemics”.</p>
Experimental data linked to publication "Process optimization and study of the co-sintering behaviour of Cu-Ni multi-material 3D structures fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS)"
<p>Those are all the experimental data used to produce the plots in the article</p>
Data from: Empirically testing the influence of light regime on diel activity patterns in a marine predator reveals complex interacting factors shaping behaviour
<p>Diel cycles in marine predator diving behaviour centre around the light-mediated diel vertical migration (DVM) of prey, and are considered critical for optimizing foraging and limiting competition across global seascapes. Yet our understanding of predator diel behaviour is based primarily on examining relative depth usage between constant day/night cycles with no formal investigation of how varying light regimes interact with abiotic factors to shape diel activity. The extreme seasonal light regimes (midnight sun, polar night, day/night cycle) in the Arctic provide a unique natural experimental setting to empirically investigate the occurrence and intensity of diel behaviour in marine predators relative to changing light levels while concomitantly assessing interacting abiotic factors. Depth time series data from satellite-linked tags deployed on six belugas for up to 12 months were used to quantify diel behaviour by calculating dissimilarity in time-at-depth between periods of low and high solar altitude on each day. Generalized additive mixed effects models were used to examine the influence of hours of daylight across extreme light cycles, coupled with bathymetry and sea ice concentration; focal diel patterns were further examined relative to the thermal structure of the water column. As predicted, belugas exhibited cathemerality during the midnight sun, and initiated diel behaviour with the onset of the fall day/night cycle, with a marked increase in its intensity with the progression to equal day/night length. Occurrence of diel patterns, however, was complex; ceasing in regions with seafloor depths < 700 m, and occurring with greatest intensity when the water column was thermally homogeneous within the upper 150 m. Through empirical investigation, this study demonstrates that the onset of day/night light cycles and presumably associated prey DVM can modulate predator diel dive behaviour under certain circumstances, but highlights how the complex interaction of abiotic factors with light regime shape dynamic spatiotemporal patterns. These findings, building on a body of recent work, emphasize that the traditional view of the ubiquitous occurrence of diel behaviour tied to DVM at the base of the food web oversimplifies vertical predator-prey interactions, identifying the need for more structured investigation. </p>
Nutritional stress exacerbates impact of a novel insecticide on solitary bees' behaviour, reproduction and survival
<p>Pesticide exposure<span> and food stress are major threats to bees, but their potential synergistic impacts under field-realistic conditions remain poorly understood and are not considered in current pesticide risk assessments. We conducted a semi-field experiment to examine the single and interactive effects of the novel insecticide flupyradifurone (FPF) and nutritional stress on fitness proxies in the solitary bee <em>Osmia bicornis</em>. Individually marked bees were released into flight cages with monocultures of either buckwheat, wild mustard or purple tansy, which were assigned to an insecticide treatment (FPF or control) in a crossed design. Nutritional stress, which was high in bees foraging on buckwheat, intermediate on wild mustard and low on purple tansy, modulated the impact of insecticide exposure. Within the first day after application of FPF, mortality of bees feeding on buckwheat was 29 times higher compared to control treatments, while mortality of FPF exposed and control bees was similar in the other two plant species. Moreover, we found negative synergistic impacts of FPF and nutritional stress on offspring production, flight activity, flight duration, and flower visitation frequency. These results reveal that environmental policies and risk assessment schemes that ignore interactions among anthropogenic stressors will fail to adequately protect bees and the pollination services they provide.</span></p>
Interactive effects of arrival date, territory quality and male polyterritorial behaviour on the mating system of the sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus – a path analysis
<p>Classical models predict that male fitness is based on resources monopolized and invested in reproduction, and/or on individual quality providing offspring with sexually attractive traits or viable genes. However, these factors are frequently correlated, making their relative influence on male fitness difficult to describe and quantify. We analysed the relative influence of the main features of the sedge warbler's (<em>Acrocephalus schoenobaenus</em>) breeding system, i.e. age, arrival date, territory quality, male sexual activity (song and polyterritorial behaviour), on males' mating success, fledging success and local recruitment. Results show that this species' breeding system involves three main paths: (1) earlier-arriving males have higher mating success, regardless of territory quality, (2) the quality of territories pre-empted by earlier males directly influences recruitment, and (3) mating success is influenced by male sexual activity (polyterritorial behaviour), but an additional territory also affects recruitment directly. As arrival date plays a significant role in all the paths, the whole system seems to depend on male quality; although the benefits accruing to male fitness are obtained not only through sexual selection but also through resource monopolization.</p>
Sensory evolution in a cavefish radiation: Patterns of neuromast distribution and associated behaviour in Sinocyclocheilus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
<p><em>Sinocyclocheilus</em>, a large radiation of freshwater cavefish, are well-known for their presence of regressive features (e.g., variable eye reduction). Fewer constructive features are known, such as the expansion of the lateral line system (LLS) involved in detecting water movements. The precise relationship between LLS expansion and cave adaptation is not well understood. Here we examine morphological and behavioural features of the LLS in <em>Sinocyclocheilus</em> characterized by broad variation in eye size, habitat and geographic distribution. Using live-staining techniques and automated behavioural analyses, we examined 26 <em>Sinocyclocheilus</em> species and quantified neuromast organ numbers, positions, and laterality within a phylogenetic context. We then examined how these morphological features may relate to wall-following, an established cave-associated behaviour mediated by the lateral line. We show that most species demonstrated laterality (i.e., asymmetry) in neuromast organs on the head, often biased to the right. We also found that wall-following behaviour was distinctive within cavefish, particularly among eyeless species. These diverse patterns of LLS expansion appear to correlate with the degree of eye loss, as well as geographic distribution. This work reveals that constructive LLS evolution is convergent across distant cavefish taxa, and may mediate asymmetric behavioural features that enable survival in stark subterranean microenvironments.</p>
Modelling migraine-related features in the nitroglycerin animal model: trigeminal hyperalgesia is associated with affective status and motor behaviour
<p>This dataset comprises the findings obtained in the study aimed at exploring the correlation between trigeminal hyperalgesia and affective status or behavioral components in a migraine-specific animal model based on nitroglycerin administration (see article <em>Modelling migraine-related features in the nitroglycerin animal model: trigeminal hyperalgesia is associated with affective status and motor behaviour).</em></p> <p>In vivo assessments performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats four hours after treatment with nitroglycerin (10mg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle:</p> <p>- in the open field test were evaluated: time spent (expressed in seconds) in the center of the apparatus as a measure of anxiety; distance (expressed in meters) travelled in the apparatus as a measure of motor behaviour; number of rearings as a measure of exploratory behaviour; time spent in grooming behavior (expressed in seconds) used as nociception index;</p> <p>- evaluation of trigeminal hyperalgesia in the orofacial formalin test: the face rubbing was measured counting the seconds the animal spent grooming the injected area (upper lip, lateral to the nose) with the ipsilateral forepaw or hindpaw 0–3 min (Phase I) or 12–45 min (Phase II) after formalin injection (50 µl, s.c.). The observation time was divided into 15 blocks of 3 min each.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS</strong></p> <p>The data analysis shows an inverse correlation between trigeminal hyperalgesia and motor or exploratory behavior, and a positive association with anxiety-like behavior of spontaneous grooming.</p> <p>These findings further expand on the translational value of the migraine-specific model based on nitroglycerin administration and prompt additional parameters that can be investigated to explore the complexity of the disease.</p>
A model for the dissemination of circulating tumour cell clusters involving platelet recruitment and a plastic switch between cooperative and individual behaviours
<p>This folder includes live/dead cell counts as well as transwell assay data for the corresponding manuscript. </p>
Linking animal behaviour and tree recruitment: Caching decisions by a scatter hoarder corvid determine seed fate in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
<p><span>1. Seed dispersal by scatter-hoarder corvids is key for the establishment of important tree species from the Holarctic region such as the walnut (<em>Juglans regia</em>). However, the factors that drive animal decisions to cache seeds in specific locations and the consequences of these decisions on seed fate are poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>2. We experimentally created four distinct, replicated habitat types in a Mediterranean agricultural landscape where the Eurasian magpie (<em>Pica</em> <em>pica</em>) is a common scatter-hoarder: soft bare soil; compacted bare soil; compacted soil with a dense herbaceous cover; and soft linear bare soil made up of the irrigation furrows that separated the rest of the treatments. We also experimentally placed visual landmarks (stones, sticks, and bunches of dry plants) to test if magpies use them to place seed caches. Walnut dispersal from feeders to the habitats was monitored by radio-tracking and camera traps. </span></p> <p><span>3. A sowing experiment simulating natural caches tested the effect of caching type on seed germination and seedling emergence. Seed mass was controlled for the dispersal and sowing experiments.</span></p> <p><span>4. Magpies selected the two habitats with soft soil, and avoided the one with compacted soil, to cache nuts. Seed mass did not affect dispersal distance, germination, or emergence; however, heavier seeds were cached more often under litter and in the habitat with herbaceous cover, whereas lighter seeds were more often buried in the soft bare soil habitat. Seed burial under soil or litter determined seed fate, as there was virtually no emergence from unburied nuts. There was no evidence of any effect of the visual landmarks.</span></p> <p>5. Synthesis. The consequences of seed caching for seedling early establishment are driven by a fine decision-making process of the disperser. Magpies seemed to ponder the characteristics of the habitat and the seed itself to determine where and how to cache each nut. By doing so, magpies reinforced the quality of seed dispersal effectiveness, as they cached walnuts in locations that enhanced both seed survival and seedling emergence.</p>
Figure 2 in Hunting and brooding behaviour in Phaeacius sp. indet. (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini), a new record for the Andaman Islands
Figure 2. Areca catechu tree trunk and the two Phaecius that were observed on it. 1, Lines of silk running vertically along the trunk (green inset) below the resting female Phaeacius (arrow), and the egg-sac location (yellow inset). 2, Female Phaeacius repairing the vertical lines of silk running over it and its nest. 3, Female sitting with front legs and pedipalps touching her eggsac. 4, Female tending to her egg-sac after the cover had been removed. 5, More than one month later this juvenile Phaeacius was observed in the same area of this tree trunk, near a similar nest (upper left), but at a lower level.
Figure 1 in Hunting and brooding behaviour in Phaeacius sp. indet. (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini), a new record for the Andaman Islands
Figure 1. Phaeacius sp. on the trunk of an Areca catechu palm in Havelock Island. 1-4, Views of the adult female that was observed. 5-6, Views of the juvenile that was later observed on the same tree.
Figure 2 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 2. Relative frequencies of social activities presented by free-living (Grey) and captive individuals (Black): (A) Affiliative behaviours and (B) Agonistic behaviours. We observed 10 different types of social behaviour, which occurred under both captivity and free-living conditions.
Figure 4 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 4. Captivity reduces agonistic interactions and does not change affiliative interactions. (A) Median and quartiles of the frequency of affiliative (A) and agonistic (B) behaviours presented by captive and free-living groups of S. libidinosus, separated by sex.
Figure 3 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 3. Relative frequency of social behaviours for each of the ten studied groups (BG = Baixa Grande; JB = Jurubeba; PF = Pedra Furada; OT = Oitenta; GT = Gato; FJZB = Fundação Jardim Zoológico de Brasília; PEDI = Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos; PZT2 = Parque Zoobotânico deTeresina (ilha 2); PZT3 = Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina (ilha 3); PZT1 = Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina (ilha 1). Under free-living conditions, agonistic behaviours were proportionally more frequent than were affiliative behaviours.
An arachnid's guide to being an ant: Morphological and behavioural mimicry in ant-mimicking spiders
<p>Batesian mimicry imposes several challenges to mimics and evokes adaptations in multiple sensory modalities. Myrmecomorphy, morphological and behavioral resemblance to ants, is seen in over 2000 arthropod species. Ant-like resemblance is observed in at least 13 spider families despite spiders having a distinct body plan compared to ants. Quantifying the extent to which spiders' shape, size, and behavior resemble model ants will allow us to comprehend the evolutionary pressures that have facilitated myrmecomorphy. <em>Myrmaplata</em> <em>plataleoides</em> are thought to closely resemble weaver ants, <em>Oecophylla</em> <em>smaragdina</em>. In this study, we quantify the speed of movement of model, mimic, and non-mimetic jumping spiders. We use traditional and geometric morphometrics to quantify traits such as foreleg and hindleg size and body shape between the model ant, mimic, and non-mimics. Our results suggest that while the mimics closely resemble the model ants in speed of movement, they occupy an intermediate morphological space compared to the model ants and non-mimics. We suggest that ant-mimicking spiders are better at mimicking ants' locomotory movement than morphology and overall body shape. Our study provides a framework to understand the multimodal nature of mimicry and helps discern the relative contributions of such traits that drive mimetic accuracy in ant-mimicking spiders.</p>
Data from: Sex differences in the predictability of risk-taking behaviour
<p>Recent research has found that individuals often vary in how consistently they express their behaviour over time (i.e. behavioural predictability) and suggested that these individual differences may be heritable. However, little is known about the intrinsic factors that drive variation in the predictability of behaviour. Indeed, whether variation in behavioural predictability is sex-specific is not clear. This is important, as behavioural predictability has been associated with vulnerability to predation, suggesting that the predictability of behavioural traits may have key fitness implications. We investigated whether male and female eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) differed in the predictability of their risk-taking behaviour. Specifically, over a total of 954 behavioural trials, we repeatedly measured risk-taking behaviour with three commonly used assays—refuge-use, thigmotaxis, and foraging latency. We predicted that there would be consistent sex differences in both mean-level risk-taking behaviour and behavioural predictability across the assays. We found that risk-taking behaviour was repeatable within each assay, and that some individuals were consistently bolder than others across all three assays. There were also consistent sex differences in mean-level risk-taking behaviour, with males being bolder across all three assays compared to females. In contrast, both the magnitude and direction of sex differences in behavioural predictability were assay specific. Taken together, these results highlight that behavioural predictability may be independent from underlying mean-level behavioural traits and suggest that males and females may differentially adjust the consistency of their risk-taking behaviour in response to subtle changes in environmental conditions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.