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1,140 results for “Colony”
Climate oscillations drive millennial-scale changes in seabird colony size
<p>Seabird population size is intimately linked to the physical, chemical, and biological processes of the oceans. Yet, the overall effects of long-term changes in ocean dynamics on seabird colonies are difficult to quantify. Here, we used dated lake sediments to reconstruct ~10,000-years of seabird dynamics in the Northwest Atlantic to determine the influences of Holocene-scale climatic oscillations on colony size. On Baccalieu Island (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) – where the world's largest colony of Leach's storm-petrel (<em>Hydrobates leucorhous</em> Vieillot 1818) currently breeds – our data track seabird colony growth in response to warming during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 9,000 to 6,000 BP). From ca. 5,200 BP to the onset of the Little Ice Age (ca. 550 BP), changes in colony size were correlated to variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). By contrasting the seabird trends from Baccalieu Island to millennial-scale changes of storm-petrel populations from Grand Colombier Island (an island in the Northwest Atlantic that is subjected to different ocean climate), we infer that changes in NAO influenced the ocean circulation, which translated into, among many things, changes in pycnocline depth across the Northwest Atlantic basin where the storm-petrels feed. We hypothesize that the depth of the pycnocline is likely a strong bottom-up control on surface-feeding storm-petrels through its influence on prey accessibility. Since the Little Ice Age, the effects of ocean dynamics on seabird colony size have been altered by anthropogenic impacts. Subsequently, the colony on Baccalieu Island grew at an unprecedented rate to become the world's largest resulting from favourable conditions linked to climate warming, increased vegetation (thereby nesting habitat), and attraction of recruits from other colonies that are now in decline. We show that although ocean dynamics were an important driver of seabird colony dynamics, its recent influence has been modified by human interference.</p>
The emergence of a collective sensory response threshold in ant colonies (data)
<p>This repository includes data, analysis code and simulations from the paper "The emergence of a collective sensory response threshold in ant colonies" by Gal and Kronauer.</p>
Colony specificity and starvation-driven changes in activity patterns of the red ant Myrmica rubra
<p>Data collected in the experiment entitled "Colony specificity and starvation-driven changes of activity patterns in the red ant Myrmica rubra" and published by Oscar Vaes and Claire Detrain</p>
The early life of a leaf-cutter colony constrains symbiont vertical transmission
<p>The early life of a leaf-cutter colony is characterized by the dispersal of a female alate (winged "queen") carrying a fungal pellet, and the subsequent establishment of a foundress (workerless "queen") raising her incipient fungal garden and colony. The symbiotic roach Attaphila fungicola hitchhikes on female alates during leaf-cutter nuptial flights, which strongly suggests that roaches are vertically transmitted to foundresses and their incipient colonies; however, weak compatibility between roaches and incipient gardens may constrain roach vertical transmission. </p> <p>This dataset contains data from an experiment in which the mortality of incipient fungal gardens and foundresses were scored in treatments with or without Attaphila roaches. Additionally, in roach trials we noted whether or not the roaches disturbed fungal gardens during observational bouts conducted during the experiment (see below for more detailed description of behavioral observations). Contrary to traditional assumptions, our results indicate that roaches harm incipient gardens, suggesting that roaches are not well adapted to use vertical transmission between colonies.</p> <p class="Body"> </p>
Natural variation in colony inbreeding does not influence susceptibility to a fungal pathogen in a termite
Reduced genetic diversity through inbreeding can negatively affect pathogen resistance. This relationship becomes more complicated in social species, such as social insects, since the chance of disease transmission increases with the frequency of interactions among individuals. However, social insects may benefit from social immunity, whereby individual physiological defenses may be bolstered by collective-level immune responses, such as grooming or sharing of antimicrobial substance through trophallaxis. We set out to determine whether differences in genetic diversity between colonies of the subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, accounts for colony survival against pathogens. We sampled colonies throughout the US (Texas, North Carolina, Maryland, and Massachusetts) and determined the level of inbreeding of each colony. To assess whether genetically diverse colonies were better able to survive exposure to diverse pathogens, we challenged groups of termite workers with two strains of a pathogenic fungus, one local strain present in the soil surrounding sampled colonies and another naïve strain, collected outside the range of this species. We found natural variation in the level of inbreeding between colonies, but this variation did not explain differences in susceptibility to either pathogen. Although the naïve strain was found to be more hazardous than the local strain, colony resistance was correlated between two strains, meaning that colonies had either relatively high or low susceptibility to both strains regardless of their inbreeding coefficient. Overall, our findings may reflect differential virulence between the strains, immune priming of the colonies via prior exposure to the local strain, or a coevolved resistance toward this strain. They also suggest that colony survival may rely more upon additional factors, such as different behavioral response thresholds or the influence of a specific genetic background, rather than the overall genetic diversity of the colony.
Comment on Krüger (2023): Decreasing Trends of Chinstrap Penguin Breeding Colonies in a Region of Major and Ongoing Rapid Environmental Changes Suggest Population Level Vulnerability. Diversity 2023, 15, 327
<p>Data and analyis scripts for:</p> <p><strong>Comment on Krüger (2023): Decreasing Trends of Chinstrap Penguin Breeding Colonies in a Region of Major and Ongoing Rapid Environmental Changes Suggest Population Level Vulnerability. Diversity 2023, 15, 327</strong></p> <p>W. Chris Oosthuizen, Murray Christian, Mzabalazo Ngwenya</p> <p>Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Historical data on chinstrap penguin (<em>Pygoscelis antarctica</em>) breeding population sizes are sparse and sometimes highly uncertain, making it hard to estimate true population trajectories. Yet, information on population trends is desirable as changes in population size can help inform conservation assessments. Krüger (2023) (<em>Diversity</em> 2023, 15, 327) used chinstrap penguin nest count data to predict breeding colony size trends between 1960 and 2020, to estimate whether the level of population change within three generations exceeded IUCN Red List Criteria for "Vulnerable" populations. Chinstrap penguin population trends are an important research topic, but we caution that Krüger (2023)’s statistical analyses (intended to form the foundation for drawing valid, evidence-based inferences from sparse data) contain fundamental errors that invalidate that paper's findings. We discuss these oversights to help others detect and avoid some of the pitfalls associated with estimating population trends with mixed models. While we do not address all challenges, we also show through reanalysis that improved statistical modelling can yield better predictions of chinstrap penguin population trends, at least within the range of observed data. This case study highlights (1) the profound influence that seemingly minor differences in modelling procedures (both unintentional errors and other decisions) can have on predictions of population trends, and (2) the substantial inherent uncertainty in population trend predictions derived from sparse, heterogenous data.</p> <p> Keywords: Antarctic Peninsula, IUCN red list criteria, Mapping Application for Penguin Populations and Projected Dynamics (MAPPPD), population assessment, population trend, <em>Pygoscelis antarctica, </em>reproducible research</p>
PROCEDURE FOR SENTENCE OF PRISONERS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, PENAL COLONIES, PRISONS
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 11 in Mississippian colonial tabulate and rugose corals from the Flett Formation, Liard Basin, northwest Canada
Fig. 11. Rugose corals Cordilleria aff. mutabile (Kelly, 1942), from Rundle Group undivided, east-central British Columbia, Canada (A) and Meilleur Member, Flett Formation (Mississipian), Rundle Group, Liard Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada (B–D). A. C-07349 = GSC 142468, 8.05 km NW of Bone Mountain, east-central British Columbia; transverse thin section (A1), longitudinal thin sections (A2, A3), pseudocolumella (A4, black arrows) created on tabula surface (white arrow) and tabulae/pseudocolumella relationships in lower part of picture. B. C-52546 = GSC 142470, locality 3 (Fig. 2); longitudinal thin section (B1), transverse thin section (B2). C. C-47930 = GSC 142469, locality 2 (Fig. 2); transverse thin section; very early growth stage of offset. D. C-52124 = GSC 142471, locality 3 (Fig. 2); thin section of three offsets in different growth stage; one cut longitudinally, two transversally.
Figures 21A–D. Symplectoscyphus tuba stn 120. A, single stem from colony. B, branch with axillar hydrotheca. C, hydrotheca. D in Deep-water hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Macquarie Island
Figures 21A–D. Symplectoscyphus tuba stn 120. A, single stem from colony. B, branch with axillar hydrotheca. C, hydrotheca. D, gonotheca. Scale bar: A, 10 mm; B, 1 mm; C, D, 0.5 mm.
Figures 23A–C. Gymnangium japonicum, stn 122. A, colony. B, hydrocladial hydrothecae. C in Deep-water hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Macquarie Island
Figures 23A–C. Gymnangium japonicum, stn 122. A, colony. B, hydrocladial hydrothecae. C, cauline internodes with tubular nematocysts (after Watson and Vervoort 2001). A, 20 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm.
Рис. 5. Суточная активность поΑземной поΛевки (на примере синхронной активности ♀ № 1 и № 3, ♂ № 4; июΛь 2000 г., манеж БиНИИ) Fig. 5. Daily activity of the common pine vole (on the example of synchronous activity of ♀ No. 1 and 3, ♂ No. 4; July 2000, measured in a pen at the Scientific Research Institute of Biology) in Spatial Organization Of Common Pine Vole (Microtus Subterraneus Selys-Longchamps, 1836) Colonies
Рис. 5. Суточная активность поΑземной поΛевки (на примере синхронной активности ♀ № 1 и № 3, ♂ № 4; июΛь 2000 г., манеж БиНИИ) Fig. 5. Daily activity of the common pine vole (on the example of synchronous activity of ♀ No. 1 and 3, ♂ No. 4; July 2000, measured in a pen at the Scientific Research Institute of Biology)
Рис. 2. РаспреΑеΛение земΛяных выбросов поΑземной поΛевки (коΛония KS-11, октябрь 1985 г., «Αес на ВорскΛе») Fig. 2. Distribution of soil emissions made by the common pine vole (colony KS-11, October, 1985; "Forest on the Vorskla") in Spatial Organization Of Common Pine Vole (Microtus Subterraneus Selys-Longchamps, 1836) Colonies
Рис. 2. РаспреΑеΛение земΛяных выбросов поΑземной поΛевки (коΛония KS-11, октябрь 1985 г., «Αес на ВорскΛе») Fig. 2. Distribution of soil emissions made by the common pine vole (colony KS-11, October, 1985; "Forest on the Vorskla")
Рис. 6. Суточный бюΑжет времени основных виΑов ΑеятеΛьности поΑземной поΛевки (на примере активности ♂ № 4; июΛь 2000 г., манеж БиНИИ) Fig. 6. Daily time budget of the main activities of the common pine vole. (on the example of the activity of ♂ No. 4; July 2000, measured in a pen at the Scientific Research Institute of Biology) in Spatial Organization Of Common Pine Vole (Microtus Subterraneus Selys-Longchamps, 1836) Colonies
Рис. 6. Суточный бюΑжет времени основных виΑов ΑеятеΛьности поΑземной поΛевки (на примере активности ♂ № 4; июΛь 2000 г., манеж БиНИИ) Fig. 6. Daily time budget of the main activities of the common pine vole. (on the example of the activity of ♂ No. 4; July 2000, measured in a pen at the Scientific Research Institute of Biology)
Fig. 10. Stephanella hina Oka, 1908. A in Freshwater bryozoans of Korea-observations on living colonies and three new records
Fig. 10. Stephanella hina Oka, 1908. A, Colony (white arrow); B, Dorsal view, floatoblast. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 100 μm.
Fig. 6 in Freshwater bryozoans of Korea-observations on living colonies and three new records
Fig. 6. Plumatella fungosa (Pallas, 1768). A, Dorsal view, flatoblast; B, Ventral view, flatoblast; C, Annulus and fenestra in detail; D, Sessoblast. Scale bars: A, B, D = 100 μm, C = 30 μm.
Fig. 3 in Freshwater bryozoans of Korea-observations on living colonies and three new records
Fig. 3. Fredericella sultana (Blumenbach, 1779). A, Colonies (white arrows); B, Piptoblasts (black arrows), within colony; C, D, Piptoblast. Scale bars: A = 1 cm, B = 1 mm, C = 300 μm, D = 100 μm.
Retroviral transduction, cell proliferation assay and myeloid colony formation assay
<p><strong>Retroviral </strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ransduction</strong><strong>, cell proliferation assay </strong><strong>and </strong><strong>m</strong><strong>yeloid </strong><strong>c</strong><strong>olony </strong><strong>f</strong><strong>ormation </strong><strong>a</strong><strong>ssay</strong></p>
Fig. 3 in Mixed colonies and hybridisation of Messor harvester ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 3 Distances measured for morphometric characters ScBaC and ScBW
Text-fig. 3. Long colony-chain of the centric diatom Ellerbeckia arenaria (MOORE) CRAWFORD 1988 and scattered valves of Aulacoseira distans (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979 and Aulacoseira cf. crenulata (EHRENBERG) THWAITES 1848, SEM-photograph, sample Sf ZZZ, seam 1. in Siliceous Microfossils From The Oligocene Tripoli-Deposit Of Seifhennersdorf
Text-fig. 3. Long colony-chain of the centric diatom Ellerbeckia arenaria (MOORE) CRAWFORD 1988 and scattered valves of Aulacoseira distans (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979 and Aulacoseira cf. crenulata (EHRENBERG) THWAITES 1848, SEM-photograph, sample Sf ZZZ, seam 1.
Text-fig. 6. Short colony-chain of Aulacoseira cf. crenulata (EHRENBERG) THWAITES 1848, cracked valve (inner side) of Tetracyclus ellipticus (EHRENBERG) GRUNOW 1862 and several morphotypes of Aulacoseira distans (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979, SEM-photograph, sample Sf YYY, seam 5 roof. in Siliceous Microfossils From The Oligocene Tripoli-Deposit Of Seifhennersdorf
Text-fig. 6. Short colony-chain of Aulacoseira cf. crenulata (EHRENBERG) THWAITES 1848, cracked valve (inner side) of Tetracyclus ellipticus (EHRENBERG) GRUNOW 1862 and several morphotypes of Aulacoseira distans (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979, SEM-photograph, sample Sf YYY, seam 5 roof.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.