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Fig. 7 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 7. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.a, d, g. Oral teeth.b, e, h. Chest squamation illustrating scale-free patches. c, f, i. Cheek squamation illustrating the reduction in scale number towards the ventral section of the cheek. a–c. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 from Korogwe (paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1); d–f. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3); g–i. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs (holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4). Scale bars: 1 mm.
Fig. 2. a in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 2. a. Ruvu River where specimens of Ctenochromis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 were collected. b. Chemka Springs where specimens of C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. were collected. See Table 1 for collection details.
Fig. 8 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 8. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, imaged using x-ray tomography micro CT. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. b. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). c. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Fig. 3. Principal Component Axes 1 and 2 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 3. Principal Component Axes 1 and 2 of morphological measurements of specimens of Ctenochromis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 of the type series from Korogwe, compared with specimens of C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River, and C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs. The image of C. pectoralis from Korogwe is from the original description (Pfeffer 1893). Collection localities are in parentheses following the species names. In total, Principal Component Axes 1 and 2 captured 74.5% of the observed morphological variation.
The impact of paleoclimatic changes on body size evolution in marine fishes
<p class="MsoNormal">Body size is an important species trait, correlating with lifespan, fecundity, and other ecological factors. Over Earth's geological history, climate shifts have occurred, potentially shaping body size evolution in many clades. General rules attempting to summarize body size evolution include Bergmann's rule, which states that species grow to larger sizes in cooler environments and smaller sizes in warmer environments; and Cope's rule, which poses that lineages tend to increase in size over evolutionary time. Tetraodontiform fishes (including pufferfishes, boxfishes, and ocean sunfishes) provide an extraordinary clade to test these rules in ectotherms owing to their exemplary fossil record and the great disparity in body size observed among extant and fossil species. We examined Bergmann's and Cope's rules in this group by combining phylogenomic data (1,103 exon loci from 185 extant species) with 210 anatomical characters coded from both fossil and extant species. We aggregated data layers on paleoclimate and body size from the species examined, then inferred a set of time-calibrated phylogenies using tip-dating approaches for use in downstream comparative analyses of body size evolution using models that incorporate paleoclimatic information. We find strong support for a temperature-driven model in which increasing body size over time is correlated with decreasing oceanic temperatures. On average, extant tetraodontiforms are 2–3 times larger than their fossil counterparts, which otherwise evolved during periods of warmer ocean temperatures. These results provide strong support for both Bergmann's and Cope's rules, trends that are less studied in marine fishes compared to terrestrial vertebrates and marine invertebrates.</p>
Data from: Impact of squid predation on juvenile fish survival
<p><span>Predation is a major source of mortality during the early life stages of marine fishes; however, few studies have demonstrated its impact—especially that of squid predation—on survival processes. Here, we examined the feeding habits and predation impacts of swordtip squid on a major prey fish, juveniles of jack mackerel, in the East China Sea. Otoliths of the juveniles extracted from the squid stomach were used to reconstruct the age–length relationship and the growth trajectory of the consumed juveniles, and they were compared to those of juveniles collected with a net using a newly developed statistical framework. The juveniles consumed by squid had significantly shorter body lengths and smaller body sizes during the late larval and early juvenile stages than the netted juveniles, suggesting that smaller juveniles with slower growth rates have a higher probability to be selected. The body mass ratio of the predator squid to prey juveniles (predator-prey mass ratio, PPMR) ranged from 7 to 700, which was remarkably lower than the PPMR reported in various marine ecosystems based on analyses of fishes. Our findings demonstrate that squid predation can significantly impact the early life survival of fish and the trophodynamics in marine ecosystems.</span></p>
Differential reproductive plasticity under thermal variability in a freshwater fish (Danio rerio)
<p>Human-driven increases in global mean temperatures are associated with concomitant increases in thermal variability. Yet, few studies have explored the impacts of thermal variability on fitness-related traits, limiting our ability to predict how organisms will respond to dynamic thermal changes. Among the myriad organismal responses to thermal variability, one of the most proximate to fitness – and, thus, a population's ability to persist - is reproduction. Here, we examine how a model freshwater fish (Danio rerio) responds to diel thermal fluctuations that span the species' viable developmental range of temperatures. We specifically investigate reproductive performance metrics including spawning success, fecundity, egg provisioning, and sperm concentration. Notably, we apply thermal variability treatments during two ontogenetic timepoints to disentangle the relative effects of developmental plasticity and reversible acclimation. We found evidence of direct, negative effects of thermal variability during later ontogenetic stages on reproductive performance metrics. We also found complex interactive effects of early and late-life exposure to thermal variability, with evidence of beneficial acclimation of spawning success and modification of the relationship between fecundity and egg provisioning. Our findings illuminate the plastic life-history modifications that fish may undergo as their thermal environments become increasingly variable.</p>
Niche partitioning between planktivorous fish in the pelagic Baltic Sea assessed by DNA metabarcoding, qPCR and microscopy: Data and Analyses
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Marine communities undergo rapid changes because of human-induced ecosystem pressures. The Baltic Sea pelagic food web has experienced several regime shifts during the past century, resulting in a system where competition between planktivorous mesopredators is assumed to be high. While the two clupeids sprat and herring reveal signs of competition, the stickleback population has increased drastically during the past decades. Here, we investigate diet overlap between the three dominating planktivorous fish in the Baltic Sea, utilizing DNA metabarcoding on the <em>18S rRNA</em> gene and the <em>COI </em>gene, targeted qPCR, and microscopy. Our results show niche differentiation between clupeids and stickleback and that rotifers play an important function in niche partitioning of stickleback, as a resource that is not being used, neither by the clupeids nor by other zooplankton. <span>We further show that all the diet assessment methods used in this study are consistent but DNA metabarcoding describes the plankton-fish link at the highest taxonomic resolution. </span>This study suggests that rotifers and other understudied soft-bodied prey may have an important function in the pelagic food web and that the growing population of pelagic stickleback is supported by the unutilized feeding niche offered by the rotifers.</span></p>
Fig. 3 in Regional Fish-Based Biostratigraphy Of The Late Neogene And Pleistocene Of Southeastern Europe
Fig. 3. Extinction rate (ER), origination rate (OR) and taxonomic rotation (TR) in the ichthyofaunal assemblages of southeastern Europe and their trends on a logarithmic scale. Ichthyofaunal assemblages: 1 — Mykhailivkian; 2 — Popovian; 3 — Frunzivkian; 4 — Cherevychnian; 5 — Pontian; 6 — Kuchurganian; 7 — Obukhivkian; 8 — Shirokinian; 9 — Nogaiskian; 10 — Semibalkian.
Fig. 2 in Regional Fish-Based Biostratigraphy Of The Late Neogene And Pleistocene Of Southeastern Europe
Fig. 2. Dynamics of evolutionary transformations in the ichthyofaunal assemblages of the studied region during the late Neogene and Pleistocene. IFAs: 1 — Mykhailivkian; 2 — Popovian; 3 — Frunzivkian; 4 — Cherevychnian; 5 — Pontian; 6 — Kuchurganian; 7 — Obukhivkian; 8 — Shirokinian; 9 — Nogaiskian; 10 — Semibalkian. The numbers on the ordinate axis indicate the range of index values.
Fig. 1 in Regional Fish-Based Biostratigraphy Of The Late Neogene And Pleistocene Of Southeastern Europe
Fig. 1. Localities with fossil remains of freshwater fishes dated back to late Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene age (indicated by black circles) at the territory of southeastern Europe.
Ecological outcomes of hybridization vary extensively in Catostomus fishes
Hybridization outcomes vary geographically and can depend on the environment. Hybridization can also reshape biotic interactions, leading to ecological shifts. If hybrids function differently ecologically in ways that enhance or reduce fitness, and those ecological roles vary geographically, ecological factors might explain variation in hybridization outcomes. However, relatively few studies have focused on ecological traits of hybrids. We compared the feeding ecology of <i>Catostomus</i> fish species and hybrids by using stable isotopes δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N as a proxy for diet and habitat use, and compared two native species, an introduced species, and three interspecific hybrid crosses. We included hybrids and parental species from seven rivers where hybridization outcomes vary. Relative isotopic niches of native species varied geographically, but native species did not fully overlap in isotopic space in any river sampled, suggesting little overlap of resource use between historically sympatric species. The introduced species overlapped with one or both native species in every river, suggesting similar resource use and potential competition. Hybrids occupied intermediate, matching, or more transgressive isotopic niches, and varied within and among rivers. Ecological outcomes of hybridization varied across locations, implying that hybridization might have unpredictable, idiosyncratic ecological effects. --
Quantifying the ecological impacts of alien aquatic macrophytes: A global meta‐analysis of effects on fish, macroinvertebrate and macrophyte assemblages
<p>Biological invasions constitute a pervasive and growing threat to the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Macrophytes are key primary producers and ecosystem engineers in freshwaters, meaning that alien macrophyte invasions have the capacity to alter the structure and function of recipient aquatic ecosystems profoundly. Although prevailing wisdom holds that alien macrophyte invasions tend to compromise freshwater ecosystem structure and function, the ecological impacts of alien macrophyte invasion have not been quantitatively reviewed to date.</p> <p>Here we present a global meta-analysis of 202 cases from 53 research articles, exploring the impacts of alien macrophyte invasion on the abundance and diversity of three ubiquitous and ecologically important focal groups, which together comprise the bulk of non-microbial freshwater biodiversity: resident macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish. Our synthesis includes data from all continents except Antarctica and Asia, covering 25 alien macrophyte species, but reveals considerable taxonomic and geographical biases in knowledge.</p> <p>Meta-analysis results reveal that invasion by alien macrophytes has an overall negative impact on taxonomic diversity of the three focal groups, but no consistent effect on abundance. At a finer resolution, we detect a strong negative effect of alien macrophyte invasion on resident macrophyte abundance and diversity, and a significant but smaller positive effect of submerged alien macrophyte invasion on macroinvertebrates. Effects on fish appear inconsistent.</p> <p>Our findings emphasise the importance of context- and taxon-specific ecological research in informing appropriate and proportionate management of alien macrophyte invasions, since alien macrophyte impacts are not consistently negative. We also identify significant geographical and taxonomic limitations in existing studies, quantitative data being lacking for many alien taxa.</p>
Establishment of a Spermatogonial Stem Cell Line with Potential of Meiosis in a Hermaphroditic Fish, Epinephelus coioides
<p>Figure S1. Cell localization of ly75, thy1, and dmc1 in adult testis of orange-spotted grouper. (A-C) Antisense probe signals of ly75, thy1, and dmc1. (D-F) Sense probe signals of ly75, thy1, and dmc1. Sg, Spermatogonium; Sc, Spermatocyte; St, spermatid. Scale Bars: 20 μm.</p> <p>Figure S2. Fluorescent immunostaining of antibodies in adult testis of orange-spotted grouper. (A-D and M-O) Fluorescence signals of Piwi, Dazl, Ssea1, Nanog, PCNA, Sycp3, and Dmc1. (E-H and P-R) Nuclei are counterstained with PI. (I-L and S-U) Merge images. Sg, Spermatogonium; Sc, Spermatocyte; St, spermatid; Sz, spermatozoa. Scale Bars: 20 μm.</p> <p>Figure S3. Derivation of a single colony from a single cell of GPT line. (A) A small colony after five days of culture. (B) A distinct colony after 10 days of culture. (C) A large colony containing hundreds of cells after 20 days of culture. Scale Bars: 20 μm in A; 50 μm in B; 200 μm in C.</p> <p>Figure S4. Prolonged cultivation of GPT cells under the lack of bFGF. (A-D) All GPT cells would differentiate into large epithelial-like cells and gradually die out during 25 days of culture under the lack of bFGF, LIF, and SCF (-/-). (E-H, J-M, and O-R) GPT cells consisted of some polygonal-like cells and many epithelial-like cells during 25 days of culture in the ESM media containing SCF and/or LIF. (I, N and S) All GPT cells transformed into very large epithelial-like cells and gradually died after 35 days of culture in the ESM media containing SCF and/or LIF. Scale Bars: 50 μm.</p> <p>Figure S5. Morphology of GPT cells under a condition of high cell confluence. (A) GPT cells were cultured for 14 days without subculture and (B) generated a few spherical cells (Arrows). Scale Bars: 50 μm in A; 20 μm in B.</p> <p>Figure S6. Establishment of a GPT cell line stably expressing green fluorescence protein. (A-C) Bright-field image, fluorescent image, and merged image of GPT cells after 48 hours of culture following electrotransfection with pEGFP-N3 plasmid. (D-F) Bright-field image, fluorescent image, and merged image of GPT cells after G418 resistance screening. Scale Bars: 200 μm in A-C; 100 μm in D-F.</p>
The Gloria2 fish farm escapes identification dataset (v1.0)
<p>This is version 1.0 of the <strong>GLORiA<sup>2</sup> dataset</strong>, which can be used for the training of computer vision models aimed at <strong>detecting fish farm escapes caused by sea storms</strong>. Escaped fish can be recognized based on their appearance from pictures taken in lab conditions, when compared to farmed and wild specimens. Several images of fish specimens raised in <strong>captivity</strong> (C), farm <strong>escapes</strong> (E), and the <strong>sea</strong> (S) are provided for each of the <strong>three</strong> considered commercial <strong>species</strong>: Mediterranean <strong>sea bream</strong> (<em>S. aurata</em>), <strong>sea bass</strong> (<em>D. labrax</em>), and <strong>meagre</strong> (<em>A. regius</em>).</p> <p>The images provided are 224x224 crops of the original images, centred around the fish in the image, as <strong>preprocessed</strong> by the <strong>accompanying Python scripts</strong>.</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgement: </strong>GLORiA<sup>2</sup> is a project supported by the Biodiversity Foundation of the Ministry for the Ecological Transition, through the FEMP Pleamar Programme. It is also part of the LIFE IP INTEMARES project "Integrated, innovative and participatory management of the Natura 2000 Network in the Spanish marine environment", coordinated by the Ministry, through the Biodiversity Foundation.</p> <p> </p>
Examining the diversity, stability and functioning of marine fish communities across a latitudinal gradient
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: As anthropogenic stressors on the biosphere intensify, understanding how communities respond to disturbances is critical. Biodiversity is often thought to promote the stability of communities over time and enhance ecosystem functioning. However, results have been inconsistent, and the multifaceted linkages among diversity, stability, and functioning under acute disturbances remain poorly understood. We experimentally tested the responses of marine fish communities to disturbance (i.e., acute habitat loss) across a diversity gradient spanning 35º degrees of latitude in the western Atlantic Ocean to assess the diversity-stability relationship and the interplay between diversity, stability, and fish biomass recovery (as a proxy for function) in marine fish communities.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Western Atlantic Ocean (Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Florida [USA], Belize, and Panama).</p> <p><strong>Time</strong> <strong>period</strong>: 2016 – 2017</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Small, bottom-dwelling ('cryptobenthic') fishes</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Diversity showed a negative effect on community stability at both the regional (across docks) and local (within docks) scales. Similarly, local diversity was negatively correlated with ecosystem function. These effects are exacerbated by the habitat loss imposed via our experimental treatment.</p> <p><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>: Our results suggest that habitat loss may more intensively re-shuffle diverse, tropical communities, which impacts biomass recovery, our proxy of functioning. Contrary to ecological theory, in small-bodied, benthos-associated vertebrate communities, biodiversity may neither promote stability nor functioning, suggesting that human disturbances may be particularly impactful in tropical, high-diversity ecosystems.</p>
Fig. 2 in Helminth Diversity In Teleost Fishes From The South Orkney Islands Region, West Antarctica
Fig. 2. Proportion (%) of helminth species parasitizing three teleost fishes from the South Orkney Islands area, West Antarctica on larval and adult stages.
Fig. 1 in Helminth Diversity In Teleost Fishes From The South Orkney Islands Region, West Antarctica
Fig. 1. Proportion (%) of four parasite taxa in three fish species from the South Orkney Islands area, West Antarctica.
Fig. 4 in Redescription of Argulus mongolianus (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Freshwater Fishes in East Asia, with Its First Record from Japan
Fig. 4. Argulus mongolianus, adult male, NSMT-Cr 29372, from Micropterus salmoides in Lake Izunuma, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, respiratory areas, ventral view; D, caudal rami, dorsal view; E, first antenna (a1), second antenna (a2), and postantennal spine (pas), ventral view; F, distal part of first antenna, ventral view; G, distal part of second antenna, ventral view; H, preoral sheath and stylet, ventral view; I, mouth tube, ventral view; J, mandible, ventral view; K, section of sucker membrane of first maxilla showing three supporting rods and maginal projections, ventral view; L, second maxilla and denticles on first, second, and third segments, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 0.5 mm; D, F, G, K, 0.05 mm; E, H, I, 0.1 mm; L, 0.3 mm; I, 0.03 mm.
Fig. 2 in Redescription of Argulus mongolianus (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Freshwater Fishes in East Asia, with Its First Record from Japan
Fig. 2. Argulus mongolianus, adult female (different specimen shown in Fig. 1), NSMT-Cr 29371, from Micropterus salmoides in Lake Izunuma, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. A, Thorax partially covered with carapace, anterior portion of abdomen, and sympods of fourth pair of legs, dorsal view; B, respiratory areas, ventral view; C, caudal rami, dorsal view; D, first antenna (a1), second antenna (a2), and postantennal spine (pas), ventral view; E, distal part of first antenna, ventral view; F, distal part of second antenna, ventral view; G, preoral sheath and stylet, ventral view; H, mouth tube, ventral view; I, mandible, ventral view; J, part of sucker membrane of first maxilla, ventral view; K, four supporting rods and maginal projections, ventral view; L, second maxilla and denticles on first, second, and third segments, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, G, H, 0.1 mm; D, H, J, L, 0.2 mm; E, F, K, 0.05 mm; I, 0.02 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.