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FIGURE 9 in A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara

FIGURE 9. Draculoides akashae sp. nov., holotype female (WAM T96159): A. Body, dorsal; B. Body, ventral; C. Body, lateral; D. Flagellum, dorsal; E. Flagellum, ventral; F. Flagellum, lateral. The scale bar shown in image A is 1 mm and also applies to B and C and the scale bar shown in image D is 200 µm and also applies to E and F.

FIGURE 4 in A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara

FIGURE 4. Maximum Likelihood tree based on COI mini-barcodes (Fig. 3) showing similarity of mini-barcode sequences, relative to species identity. This phylogeny does not recover an accurate tree topology, and evolutionary relationships should not be inferred from this figure.

FIGURE 13 in A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara

FIGURE 13. Draculoides belalugosii sp. nov., holotype male (WAM T135952): A. Body, dorsal; B. Body, ventral; C. Body, lateral; D. Flagellum, dorsal; E. Flagellum, ventral; F. Flagellum, lateral. The scale bar shown in image A is 1 mm and also applies to B and C and the scale bar shown in image D is 200 µm and also applies to E and F.

FIGURE 1 in A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara

FIGURE 1. Map of an area of the Pilbara described as "West Pilbara" for the purposes of this study, showing the distribution of the named Draculoides species. Inset maps show species distributions in finer detail encompassing areas A: Warramboo, Mesas A, B and C and "BudgieBore"; B: Bungaroo, Mesas G, H, J, K and L; C: Cochrane and Jewell, Kens Bore, Cane and Upper Cane River, Trinity Bore and Catho Well, Mt. Stuart Station; D: Middle Robe, Robe Valley; E: Bungaroo South, West Pit, Buckland Hills and Dragon deposit.

FIGURE 15 in A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara

FIGURE 15. Draculoides belalugosii sp. nov.: A–C, holotype male (WAM T135952): A. Flagellum, dorsal; B. Flagellum, ventral; C. Flagellum, lateral. D–G, paratype female (WAM T135954): D. Flagellum, dorsal; E. Flagellum, ventral; F. Flagellum, lateral; G. Spermathecae, ventral. Scale bars: A–C: 0.1 mm, D–F: 0.1mm, G: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 10 in A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara

FIGURE 10. Draculoides akashae sp. nov., holotype female (WAM T96159): A. Flagellum, dorsal; B. Flagellum, ventral; C. Flagellum, lateral; D. Spermathecae, ventral. Scale bars: A–C: 0.1 mm, D: 0.1mm.

FIGURE 2 in A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara

FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood tree, based on the reduced dataset. See Methods for details. Each terminal represents a single species or OTU, with named species in bold. Clades are identified using dashed boxes and shaded boxes encompass the species discussed in this study. Nodes with bootstrap support <80 are not shown, except for the common ancestor of the Draculoides radiation.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Murky waters: searching for structure in genetically depauperate blue threadfin populations of Western Australia

The blue threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) is an exploited fishery species in southeast Asia and Australia. Demographic studies have revealed fine-scale stock structure throughout the Australian coastline, with demographically isolated populations separated by only tens of km. Similarly, population genetic analysis revealed fine-scale structure across most of its Australian range with important implications for fisheries management. However, in northern Western Australia, genetic stock structure analysis showed a contradictory lack of structure. In the present study, one mtDNA marker and a suite of five microsatellite loci were used to further investigate the stock structure of Western Australian blue threadfin populations. By increasing sample sizes from previously investigated areas: Roebuck Bay (n = 93 adults) and Eighty-mile Beach (n = 92 adults and 163 recruits from two settlement cohorts), we were able to detect subtle genetic differentiation that was previously obscured by low levels of genetic polymorphism. Therefore, the same fine-scale stock structure that has been observed elsewhere in this species also appears to exist in Western Australia. This has clear ramifications for a revised management strategy that incorporates the fine scale structuring of northwest Western Australian stocks of the blue threadfin.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Comparative analysis indicates historical persistence and contrasting contemporary structure in sympatric woody perennials of semi-arid south-west Western Australia

We used a comparative approach to assess congruence of phylogeographic and genetic structure and diversity, demographic signals, and ratios of pollen to seed dispersal, in the context of species-specific life-history traits, for two widespread sympatric perennial plant species. We sampled Grevillea paradoxa and Melaleuca nematophylla across the species' ranges throughout the Transitional Rainfall Zone and extending slightly into the Arid Zone of south-west Western Australia. Both species exhibited range-wide phylogeographic and contemporary genetic structure. Moderate haplotype diversity centred in populations on Banded Ironstone Formation (BIF) outcrops and within the Murchison River gorge supports a hypothesis of historical persistence and evolution in these mesic refugia. These features are likely to play important roles in evolutionary persistence with ongoing climate change. There was little evidence of particularly complex demographic histories for the region. More limited haplotype diversity, as well as more limited nuclear genetic diversity and connectivity, in G. paradoxa was consistent with predictions from life-history traits of shorter lifespan, lower fecundity, more limited seed dispersal, and shorter plants, but inconsistent with a prediction of greater pollen dispersal by bird pollinators. Low pollen to seed dispersal ratios suggest seed dispersal plays a greater than expected role in maintaining connectivity in this semi-arid landscape. The study highlights a need for research that integrates aspects of seed ecology and seed and pollen dispersal as well as phylogeographic and genetic patterns in Gondwanan shrublands and other semi-arid landscapes globally.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Exploring Symbiodinium diversity and host specificity in Acropora corals from geographical extremes of Western Australia with 454 amplicon pyrosequencing

Scleractinian corals have demonstrated the ability to shuffle their endosymbiotic dinoflagellate communities (genus Symbiodinium) during periods of acute environmental stress. This has been proposed as a mechanism of acclimation, which would be increased by a diverse and flexible association with Symbiodinium. Conventional molecular techniques used to evaluate Symbiodinium diversity lack the sensitivity to capture accurate estimates of diversity and are unable to identify genetic lineages present at background levels below 10%. Next generation sequencing (NGS) offers a solution to this problem and can resolve microorganism diversity at much finer scales. Here we apply NGS to evaluate Symbiodinium diversity and host specificity in Acropora corals from contrasting regions of Western Australia. The application of 454 pyrosequencing allowed for detection of Symbiodinium operational taxonomic units (OTUs) occurring at frequencies as low as 0.001%, offering a 10 000-fold increase in sensitivity compared to traditional methods. All coral species from both regions were overwhelmingly dominated by a single clade C OTU (accounting for 98% of all recovered sequences). Only 8.5% of colonies associated with multiple clades (clades C and D, or C and G), suggesting a high level of symbiont specificity in Acropora assemblages in Western Australia. This contrasts with recent literature that have applied highly-sensitive molecular techniques and identified widespread flexibility in symbiont associations across a number of coral taxa in other geographic regions. While only 40% of the OTUs were shared between regions, the dominance of a single OTU resulted in no significant difference in Symbiodinium community structure, demonstrating that the coral-algal symbiosis can remain stable across more than 15° of latitude and a range of sea surface temperature profiles. This study validates the use of NGS platforms as tools for providing fine-scale estimates of Symbiodinium diversity and can offer critical insight into the flexibility of the coral-algal symbiosis.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Perennial growth of hermatypic corals at Rottnest Island, Western Australia (32°S)

To assess the viability of high latitude environments as coral refugia, we report measurements of seasonal changes in seawater parameters (temperature, light, and carbonate chemistry) together with calcification rates for two coral species, Acropora yongei and Pocillopora damicornis from the southernmost geographical limit of these species at Salmon Bay, Rottnest Island (32°S) in Western Australia. Changes in buoyant weight were normalised to colony surface areas as determined from both X-ray computed tomography and geometric estimation. Extension rates for A. yongei averaged 51 ± 4 mm y−1 and were comparable to rates reported for Acroporid coral at other tropical and high latitude locations. Mean rates of calcification for both A. yongei and P. damicornis in winter were comparable to both the preceding and following summers despite a mean seasonal temperature range of ∼6 °C (18.2°–24.3 °C) and more than two-fold changes in the intensity of downwelling light. Seasonal calcification rates for A. yongei (1.31–2.02 mg CaCO3 cm−2 d−1) and P. damicornis (0.34–0.90 mg CaCO3 cm−2 d−1) at Salmon Bay, Rottnest Island were comparable to rates from similar taxa in more tropical environments; however, they appeared to decline sharply once summer temperatures exceeded 23 °C. A coral bleaching event observed in December 2013 provided further evidence of how coral at Rottnest Island are still vulnerable to the deleterious effects of episodic warming despite its high latitude location. Thus, while corals at Rottnest Island can sustain robust year-round rates of coral growth, even over cool winter temperatures of 18°–19 °C, there may be limits on the extent that such environments can provide refuge against the longer term impacts of anthropogenic climate change.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Vocalisations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the Bremer Canyon, Western Australia

To date, there has been no dedicated study in Australian waters on the acoustics of killer whales. Hence no information has been published on the sounds produced by killer whales from this region. Here we present the first acoustical analysis of recordings collected off the Western Australian coast. Underwater sounds produced by Australian killer whales were recorded during the months of February and March 2014 and 2015 in the Bremer Canyon in Western Australia. Vocalisations recorded included echolocation clicks, burst-pulse sounds and whistles. A total of 28 hours and 29 minutes were recorded and analysed, with 2376 killer whale calls (whistles and burst-pulse sounds) detected. Recordings of poor quality or signal-to-noise ratio were excluded from analysis, resulting in 142 whistles and burst-pulse vocalisations suitable for analysis and categorisation. These were grouped based on their spectrographic features into nine Bremer Canyon (BC) "call types". The frequency of the fundamental contours of all call types ranged from 600 Hz to 29 kHz. Calls ranged from 0.05 to 11.3 seconds in duration. Biosonar clicks were also recorded, but not studied further. Surface behaviours noted during acoustic recordings were categorised as either travelling or social behaviour. A detailed description of the acoustic characteristics is necessary for species acoustic identification and for the development of passive acoustic tools for population monitoring, including assessments of population status, habitat usage, migration patterns, behaviour and acoustic ecology. This study provides the first quantitative assessment and report on the acoustic features of killer whales vocalisations in Australian waters, and presents an opportunity to further investigate this little-known population.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Persistence with episodic range expansion from the early Pleistocene: the distribution of genetic variation in the forest tree Corymbia calophylla (Myrtaceae) in south-western Australia

Phylogeographic patterns of trees in topographically subdued, unglaciated landscapes are under-reported, and might reflect population persistence and the influences of environment and distance over historical (~2.6Mya-present) and contemporary (recent generations) time-scales. We examined this hypothesis using genetic analyses of four slowly evolving non-coding chloroplast sequences and 16 nuclear microsatellites in the tree Corymbia calophylla from south-western Australia that has been unglaciated since the Permian (.300-250Mya). We found strong population differentiation for chloroplast DNA and low differentiation for nuclear loci, consistent with higher gene flow by pollen than seed. We identified three divergent chloroplast lineages distributed in central, north and south geographic regions, and diversifying from the early (.3.028Mya), mid- (.0.793Mya) and late- (.0.426Mya) Pleistocene, respectively. Moderate-high nucleotide diversity with population-specific haplotypes supported long-term persistence but diversification of lineages provided evidence of unexpected episodic range expansion. We suggest this pattern reflects environmental influences of climatic oscillations during progressive drying of south-western Australia from the early Pleistocene. Significant tests for isolation by environment for nuclear loci also supported an influence of contemporary environmental (aridity) conditions on genetic structure, but isolation by distance (IBD) was greater. Significant chloroplast and nuclear IBD suggested distance was a major influence on gene flow at both time-scales.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: New populations of the black-flanked rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) from the Little Sandy Desert and Murchison, Western Australia

During two independent fauna surveys, rock-wallaby (Petrogale) scats were recorded from caves located outside the current known Petrogale distribution. Scats collected from Desert Queen Baths (Little Sandy Desert, Western Australia, 2012), and the Barr Smith Range (Murchison, Western Australia, 2015) were genetically analysed and a follow-up motion camera survey confirmed an extant rock-wallaby population at Desert Queen Baths. The combination of sampling techniques overcame the detection difficulties associated with rare and cryptic taxa, and together were important in establishing the presence of Petrogale lateralis from regions where the species has been poorly documented. At both locations, P. lateralis scats were recorded from deep caves situated close to permanent water, reflecting the species' physiological constraints in the arid zone. These records represent significant range extensions of a highly threatened macropod.

FIGURE 7 in A new genus of Tainisopidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Pilbara, Western Australia

FIGURE 7. Pygolabis humphreysi (light micrographs: AB, DE, GH, paratype female, AM P64992; C. holotype male, WAM C33562; F. paratype male, AM P64993): AB, DE. female pleopods IIV, right dorsal, lateral view of endopod III lobes indicated with arrows in D; C. male pleopod II, left dorsal; F. appendix masculina, left ventral; GH. female pleopod V, right dorsal and ventral. (scale bar AC, DE, GH 1 mm, shown in G)

FIGURE 4 in A new genus of Tainisopidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Pilbara, Western Australia

FIGURE 4. Pygolabis humphreysi (paratype male AM P64993, SEM of anterior pereopods): AB. Pereopod I, left lateral and enlargement of palm; CE. Pereopod II, right lateral and enlargements of distal podomeres; F, Pereopod III, left lateral. (scale bars A, C, F 1 mm)

FIGURE 1 in A new genus of Tainisopidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Pilbara, Western Australia

FIGURE 1. Pygolabis humphreysi gen. nov., sp. nov (holotype male WAM C33562, light micrographs): A, C. Body, dorsal and lateral; B, D. Head, dorsal and lateral. (scale bars 1 mm)

FIGURE 3 in A new genus of Tainisopidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Pilbara, Western Australia

FIGURE 3. Pygolabis humphreysi (paratype male AM P64993, SEM of mouthparts): A. Paragnaths, ventral; BC. Maxillula, right ventral and lateral lobe medial; D. Maxilla, right ventral; EF. Maxilliped, right ventral and endite medial (scale bars AB, DE 0.1mm)

opennotspecifiedDec 2004View details →

FIGURES 1–5. Stephanostomum tantabiddii n in Stephanostomum tantabiddii n. sp. (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) (Perciformes: Carangidae) from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia

FIGURES 1–5. Stephanostomum tantabiddii n. sp. 1. Ventral view of holotype, details of gut omitted in region of vitellarium. 2. Anterior extremity showing circumoral and body spines. 3. Terminal genitalia, lateral view. 4. Ejaculatory duct showing armament. 5. Female proximal genitalia. Abbreviations: cs, conical spine; ej, ejaculatory duct; Mg, Mehlis' gland; ov, ovary; pp, pars prostatica; sv, seminal vesicle; usr, uterine seminal receptacle; vh, ventral hiatus. Scalebars: 1, 1mm; 2, 4, 200µ m; 3, 500µ m.