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1,102 results for “plant diversity”
Figure 3 from: Peng Y, Yang C, Luo Y (2020) Ainsliaea daheishanensis (Asteraceae): a new species from China. In: Jin X-H, Xia N-H, Tan Y-H (Eds) Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II. PhytoKeys 138: 233-239. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.38566
Figure 3 The lower part of the plant Ainsliaea daheishanensis Y.L.Peng, C.X.Yang & Y.Luo, sp. nov. in the field.
Figure 4 from: Aung YL, Mu AT, Aung MH, Liu Q, Jin X-H (2020) An annotated checklist of Myanmar orchid flora. In: Jin X-H, Xia N-H, Tan Y-H (Eds) Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II. PhytoKeys 138: 49-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.36144
Figure 4 New records discovered from Myanmar AOdontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod BCryptostylis arachnites (Blume) Hassk. Photos by Ye Lwin Aung.
Figure 3 from: Lin D, Zhou K, Hidayat A, Jin X-H (2020) Bulbophyllum papuaense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Indonesia. In: Jin X-H, Xia N-H, Tan Y-H (Eds) Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II. PhytoKeys 138: 125-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.38714
Figure 3 Color drawing of Bulbophyllum papuaenseA Plants B front view of flower C lateral view of flower.
Figure 3 from: Zhou S-S, Quan R-C, Li R, Liu Q, Yin J-T (2020) Colocasia kachinensis, a new species of Araceae from Myanmar. In: Jin X-H, Xia N-H, Tan Y-H (Eds) Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II. PhytoKeys 138: 41-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.36769
Figure 3 Stem of C. kachinensis and morphological comparison between C. menglaensis and C. kachinensis. A stem of C. kachinensisB lower surface of leaf ×100 of C. menglaensisC lower surface of leaf ×100 of C. kachinensis.
Figure 2 from: Aung AT, Huang J, Do TV, Song A, Liu J, Zhou Z-K, Su T (2020) Three new fossil records of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam. In: Jin X-H, Xia N-H, Tan Y-H (Eds) Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II. PhytoKeys 138: 3-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.38674
Figure 2 A–BEquisetum cf. pratense Ehrhart C–FEquisetum yenbaiense A.T.Aung, T.Su, T.V.Do & Z.K.Zhou, sp. nov. Specimen numbers: A–B XTBGSZTF0001 (counterparts) C XTBGVNMN4002 D XTBGVNMN4001 E XTBGVNMN4003 F XTBGVNMN4004. n = node; r = ridge. Scale bars: 1cm.
Figure 5 from: Maw MB, Ding H-B, Yang B, Win PP, Tan Y-H (2020) Taxonomic studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Myanmar I: three new species and supplementary description of Begonia rheophytica from Northern Myanmar. In: Jin X-H, Xia N-H, Tan Y-H (Eds) Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II. PhytoKeys 138: 203-217. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.38721
Figure 5 Begonia rheophytica M. Hughes (photographed by H.B. Ding and Y.H. Tan) A habitat B staminate flower (front view) C pistillate flowers D inflorescences E staminate flowers (front and back view) F single leaf (back view) G single leaf (front view) H pistillate flower I ovary with gynoecium, pedicel and bracts J ovary with gynoecium K bracts L pedicel M androecium with pedicel N tepals of staminate flower O tepals of pistillate flower P capsule Q–R cross section of ovary.
Figure 2 from: Maw MB, Ding H-B, Yang B, Win PP, Tan Y-H (2020) Taxonomic studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Myanmar I: three new species and supplementary description of Begonia rheophytica from Northern Myanmar. In: Jin X-H, Xia N-H, Tan Y-H (Eds) Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II. PhytoKeys 138: 203-217. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.38721
Figure 2 Begonia putaoensis Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding, sp. nov. (wild, photographed by H.B. Ding) A–B habitat C rhizome D inflorescence E stipule on stem F–H single leaf (front and back view) I flowers (front view) J flowers (back view) K outer tepals of male flower (back view) L inner tepals of male flower (back view) M androecium with pedicel.
Figure 1 from: Maw MB, Ding H-B, Yang B, Win PP, Tan Y-H (2020) Taxonomic studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Myanmar I: three new species and supplementary description of Begonia rheophytica from Northern Myanmar. In: Jin X-H, Xia N-H, Tan Y-H (Eds) Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II. PhytoKeys 138: 203-217. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.38721
Figure 1 Begonia chenii Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding, sp. nov. (photographed by H.B. Ding and Y.H. Tan) A habitat B leaves (back view) C inflorescence D staminate flower showing 6 tepals E pistillate flower F infructescence showing monoecious G infructescence showing stigmas H staminate flower showing variation of 4, 5, 6 tepals I tepals of staminate flower J androecium K tepals of pistillate flower L ovary and stigma M ovary (3-winged) N ovary (4-winged) O–P serial cross section of ovary (locules 4) Q serial cross section of ovary (locules 4 and wingless) R serial cross section of ovary (locules 3).
Patch-level facilitation fosters high-Andean plant diversity at regional scales
<p>Survey of the alpine vegetation in seven mountains of the Patagonian Andes from January to March of 2017 and 2018. On each mountain, we established one study site at each of three elevations (1600, 1800 and 2000 m). Accordingly, we sampled a total of 21 alpine plant communities (i.e., seven mountains x three elevations) dominated by cushion plants. At each community, 50 individual cushion plants were haphazardly selected within an area of approx. 0.5 ha, pairing each cushion with an adjacent non-cushion or open area 50 cm away in a random direction. In order to sample a similar surface in the surrounding open area, a wire hoop was shaped to match the size of the sampled cushion that was then placed on the ground. The number and identity of all plant species were recorded at both cushion and open area plots. Given that cushion plants are roughly elliptical, microsites were defined as elliptical plots, and thus, the longer and shorter axes of each cushion were measured as an approximate estimation of its area. In total, we sampled 2100 plots (1050 cushion plants and 1050 open area plots).</p>
Species diversity and biological trait function: Effectiveness of ant–plant mutualism decreases as ant species diversity increases
<p class="abstract">One of the major concerns of ecological and evolutionary research is the prediction of community function in relation to the degree of biodiversity. To clarify the relationship between biodiversity and the expression of plant defence traits, we investigated ant–plant defensive mutualism in the pioneer plant <i>Mallotus japonicus</i> at several sites across Japan. The plant bears ant-attracting extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and food bodies (FBs) as indirect defence traits.</p> <p class="abstract">To reveal variations in ant–plant interactions in the field, we measured species richness of nectar-feeding ants and interaction strength between each ant species and the plant (visiting frequency of each ant species to the plant). We also investigated the expression of EFNs and FBs in natural plant populations at the study sites. To assess the defensive quality of each ant species, we then experimentally estimated the aggressiveness of the dominant ant species. To examine the link between ant species richness and the defensive function of ants, we conducted an ant-exclusion experiment and a common garden experiment to clarify whether the defence efficacy of ants varied in relation to ant species richness.</p> <p class="abstract">Ant species richness differed among the study sites. We found negative relationships between ant species richness and the mean interaction strength of ant species, the interaction strength of aggressive ant species, and the number of EFNs per leaf. The effectiveness of indirect defence by ants was poor at sites where ant species richness was high. When cultivated in the same environment, plants from sites with low ant species richness developed a larger number of EFNs per leaf than those from sites with high ant species richness.</p> <p class="abstract">Our results suggest that facultative ant–plant defensive mutualism is weakened at sites where ant species richness is high, resulting in a decrease in the number of EFNs per leaf. Such a link between species richness and an indirect trait function may help us to understand the evolutionary patterns of various species traits in complex biological communities.</p>
Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: linking ecological plant-soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
<ol> <li>Although the importance of the soil microbiome in mediating plant community structures and functions has been increasingly emphasized in ecological studies, the biological processes driving crop diversity overyielding remain unexplained in agriculture. Based on the plant-soil feedback (PSF) theory and method, we quantified how much soil microbes contributed to intercropping overyielding and detected which microbial groups mediated this effect.</li> <li>Soils were collected as inocula and sequenced from a unique 10-year field experiment, consisting of monoculture, intercropping and rotation planted with wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) or faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i>). A PSF study was conducted to test microbial effects on three crops' growth in monoculture or intercropping.</li> <li>In wheat & faba bean (W&F) and maize & faba bean (M&F) systems, soil microbes drove intercropping overyielding compared to monoculture, with 28-51% of the overyielding contributed by microbial legacies. The overyielding effects resulted from negative PSFs in both systems, as crops, in particular faba bean grew better in soils conditioned by other crops than itself. Moreover, faba bean grew better in soils from intercropping or rotation than from the average of monocultures, indicating a strong positive legacy effect of multispecies cropping systems. However, with positive PSF and negative legacy benefit effect of intercropping/rotation, we did not observe significant overyielding in the W&M system.</li> <li>With more bacterial and fungal dissimilarities by metabarcoding in heterospecific than its own soil, the better it improved faba bean growth. More detailed analysis showed faba bean monoculture soil accumulated more putative pathogens with higher <i>Fusarium</i> relative abundance and more <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> gene copies by qPCR, while in heterspecific soils, there was less pathogenetic effects when cereals were engaged. Further analysis in maize/faba bean intercropping also showed an increase of rhizobia relative abundance.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Our results demonstrate a soil microbiome-mediated advantage in intercropping through suppression of the negative PSF of pathogens and increasing beneficial microbes. As microbial mediation of overyielding is context-dependent, we conclude that the dynamics of both beneficial and pathogenic microbes should be considered in designing cropping systems for sustainable agriculture, particularly including combinations of legumes and cereals.</li> </ol>
Figure 7 in Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community
Figure 7. Large nectar droplets (arrow) regularly accumulate on the lower lid surface of Nepenthes gracilis pitchers early in the morning.
Figure 6 in Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community
Figure 6. Average nectar production per day for five Nepenthes species (n = 9 pitchers for N. gracilis and n = 8 for all other species). Values represent lid nectar for N. gracilis and peristome nectar for all other species. Bars denote medians, boxes represent the inner quartiles and whiskers include 1.5 times interquartile range. Circles represent outliers. Significant differences are marked with asterisks (Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Dunn comparisons; Bonferroni correction applied; ***: P <0.001; *: P <0.05).
Figure 5 in Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community
Figure 5. (a, b) lesser tree shrew (Tupaia minor) collecting nectar from the lower lid surface of Nepenthes gracilis pitchers in Tutong site II.
Figure 4 in Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community
Figure 4. Sunbirds foraging on Nepenthes nectar in Tutong site II. (a) Female olive-backed sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis) and (b) male brown-throated sunbird (Anthreptes malacensis) drinking nectar from the peristomes of N. rafflesiana pitchers. (c, d) Male brown-throated sunbird (A. malacensis) harvesting nectar from the underside of the pitcher lid of N. gracilis.
Figure 3 in Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community
Figure 3. Experimental setup to measure nectar production. Pitchers were enclosed in gauze bags to exclude visitors, and roofed with custom-made plastic umbrellas to prevent the nectar from being washed off by rain.
Figure 2 in Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community
Figure 2. (a) Typical habitat (Tutong site I) where we observed sunbirds and a tree shrew foraging on nectar of Nepenthes rafflesiana and N. gracilis pitchers. (b) Temperature and humidity measurements from the same site. The peak foraging times coincided with the times of high relative humidity from sunrise to about 10:30, and from about 17:00 until sunset. (c) The Belait site was less open, and surrounded by mature forest. We never observed vertebrates foraging on pitcher nectar in this site.
Figure 1 in Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community
Figure 1. (a) A typical Nepenthes trap (here N. rafflesiana) consists of a fluid-filled pitcher body (B), a collar-shaped peristome (P) and a roof-like lid (L). Insects are attracted by nectar secreted onto the peristome, and fall into the trap where they drown and are digested by the plant. This 'standard' trap design has been considerably modified in species that engage in mutualistic relationships with mammals: the pitchers of N. hemsleyana (b) are elongated and contain only very little fluid, making them a preferred daytime roost for woolly bats. (c) N. lowii attracts tree shrews (Tupaia montana) that harvest nectar from the inside of the pitcher lid. The lid is bent backwards to allow the tree shrew to access the nectar while sitting on top of the large and sturdy pitcher. The wide-open funnel shape of the pitcher ensures that the shrew droppings end up in the trap. (d) N. rajah pitchers show similar adaptations and have been shown to be visited by tree shrews and nocturnal rats.
Dataset from: Reed bed vegetation structure and plant species diversity depend on management type and the time period since last management by Andersen et al. 2020 Applied Vegetation Science
<p>The dataset behind the paper Reed bed vegetation structure and plant species diversity depend on management type and the time period since last management by Andersen et al. 2020, Applied Vegetation Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12531">https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12531</a></p> <p>The data contains information on the vegetation of four reed bed treatments all located within De Østlige Vejler, Denmark:</p> <p>- A 0-year-old harvested reed bed</p> <p>- A 0-year-old cut reed bed (reed stems left behind)</p> <p>- A 3-year-old harvested reed bed</p> <p>- A 25-year-old harvested reed bed</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Huang J, Guo Z, Tang S, Ren W, Chu G, Wang L, Zhao L, Yu R, Xu Y, Ding Y, Zang R (2020) Floristic composition and plant diversity in distribution areas of native species congeneric with Betula halophila in Xinjiang, northwest China. Nature Conservation 42: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.42.54735
Figure S2. The distribution frequency of Betula species varies with the environment gradients
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.