Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
875
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
875 results for “Brachiopod”
Data from: Brachiopods from the Byrd Group (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Cambrian rhynchonelliform nisusioid brachiopods: phylogeny and distribution
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: A new family of Cambrian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods (Order Naukatida) with an aberrant coral-like morphology
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Abundance and extinction in Ordovician-Silurian brachiopods, Cincinnati Arch, Ohio and Kentucky
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A new Changhsingian (Lopingian) brachiopod fauna of the shallow-water clastic-shelf facies from Fujian Province, southeastern China
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The role of bioturbation-driven substrate disturbance in the Mesozoic brachiopod decline
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Phylogenetic and ecomorphologic diversifications of spiriferinid brachiopods after the end-Permian extinction
<p>The Order Spiriferinida spanning the latest Ordovician to Early Jurassic is a small group of brachiopods overshadowed by other taxa-rich clades during the Paleozoic. It diversified significantly after the end-Permian extinction and became one of the four major clades of Triassic brachiopods. However, the phylogeny and recovery dynamics of this clade during the Triassic still remain unknown. Here, we present a higher-level parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of Mesozoic spiriferinids to reveal their evolutionary relationships. Ecologically related characters are analyzed to indicate the variances in ecomorphospace occupation and disparity of spiriferinids through the Permian-Triassic transition. For comparison with potential competitors of the spiriferinids, the pre-extinction spiriferids are also included in the analysis. Phylogenetic trees demonstrate that about half of the Mesozoic families appeared during the Anisian, indicating the greatest phylogenetic diversification at that time. Triassic spiriferinids re-occupied a large part of the ecomorphospace released by its competitor spiriferids during the end-Permian extinction; they also fully exploited the cyrtiniform region and developed novel lifestyles. Ecomorphologic disparity of the spiriferinids dropped greatly in the Early Triassic, but it rebounded rapidly and reached the level attained by the pre-extinction spiriferids in the Late Triassic. The replacement in ecomorphospace occupation between spiriferids and spiriferinids during the P-Tr transition clearly indicates that the empty ecomorphospace released by the extinction of Permian spiriferids was one of the important drivers for the diversification of the Triassic spiriferinids. The Spiriferinida took over the empty ecomorphospace and had the opportunity to flourish.</p>
Figure 2 in The muscles, body wall and valve-opening mechanism of extant craniid (inarticulated) brachiopods
Figure 2. Digital and scanning electron micrographs (SEM) illustrating anatomical features. (A–H) Novocrania californica. (A). SEM of a piece of anterior adductor muscle, showing fibres make up whole length. (B) SEM close-up of fibres in A. (C) Lophophore cut to show brachial muscle and empty hydrostatic skeleton channel. (D) Ventral view of anterior adductor muscle,
Figure 5 in The muscles, body wall and valve-opening mechanism of extant craniid (inarticulated) brachiopods
Figure 5. Line drawings and digital and scanning electron micrographs illustrating organic ventral mounds and lophophore filaments. (A, B) Novocrania lecointei. (A) NIWA 37947. Transparent organic ventral valve with organic ventral mound on dark rock. (B) Cutaway drawing down midline. (C–F) Novocrania anomala. (C) OU 44526a. Ventral valve with organic ventral mound. (D) OU 44525a. Ventral valve with organic mound rotted away. (E) OU 39355. Dorsal valve with muscle scars flush with valve surface. (F) Reproduction of illustration of N. anomala with lophophore filaments extended (from Barrett 1856). All scale bars 2 mm. Abbreviations: aasc, anterior adductor muscle scar; bwi, "batwing" shaped outline of organic ventral valve; dv, dorsal valve; fi, filaments; obisc, oblique internal muscle scar; opab, organic posterior adductor base; ovm, organic ventral mound; ovv, organic ventral valve; pasc, posterior adductor muscle scar; vv, ventral valve.
Data from: Early Cambrian (stage 4) brachiopods from the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of South China
<p>Diverse and abundant fossil taxa have been described in the lower Cambrian Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of Hubei province, South China, but the diversity of the co-occurring brachiopod fauna and their taxonomy is still far from clear. Here we describe the brachiopod fauna recovered from the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of South China, including representatives of the subphylum Linguliformea: linguloids(<i>Lingulellotreta ergalievi</i>, <i>Eoobolus</i> <i>malongensis</i> and Neobolidae gen. indet. sp. indet.), and an acrotretoid (<i>Linnarssonia sapushanensis</i>); and representatives from the subphylum Rhynchonelliformea: the calcareous-shelled Kutorginates (<i>Kutorgina</i> <i>sinensis</i>, <i>Kutorgina </i>sp., <i>Nisusia</i> <i>liantuoensis</i>). This brachiopod assemblage and the first occurrence of <i>Linnarssonia sapushanensis</i> shell beds permits correlation of the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of Hubei province with the Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation in the Wuding area of eastern Yunnan. This correlation is further strengthened by the first appearance datum (FAD) of the rhynchonelliform brachiopod <i>Nisusia</i> in the upper silty mudstone of both the Shipai and Wulongqing formations. The new well-preserved material, derived from siliciclastic rocks, also gives critical new insights into the fine shell structure of <i>L. sapushanensis</i>. Microstructural studies on micromorphic acrotretoids (like <i>Linnarssonia</i>) have previously been restricted to fossils acid etched from limestones. This is the first study to carry out detailed comparative ultrastructural studies on acrotretoid shells preserved in siliciclastic rocks. This work reveals a hollow tube and solid column microstructure in the acrotretoid shells from the Shipai Formation, which are likely to be equivalent of traditional column and central canal observed in shells dissolved from limestones.</p>
The environmental factors limiting the distribution of shallow-water terebratulid brachiopods
<p class="western"><span><span>The Cenozoic genus <i>Terebratula</i> seems to be an exception to the Post-Permian trend in brachiopod retreat to offshore habitats because it was species-rich and numerically abundant in warm-temperate shallow-water environments in the Mediterranean and the Paratethys realms. This was so despite the general dominance of bivalves and the pervasive bioturbation and predation pressure during the Neogene. <i>Terebratula</i>, however, went extinct in the Calabrian (Pleistocene). The optimal environmental conditions for <i>Terebratula </i>during its prime are poorly known. The Águilas Basin (SE Spain) is an ideal study area to investigate the habitat of <i>Terebratula</i> because shell beds of this brachiopod occur there cyclically in early Pliocene deposits. We evaluate the paleoecological boundary conditions controlling the distribution of <i>Terebratula </i>by estimating its environmental tolerances using benthic and planktic foraminiferal and nannoplankton assemblages and oxygen isotopes of the secondary layer brachiopod calcite. Our results suggest that <i>Terebratula </i>in the Águilas Basin favored oligotrophic to mesotrophic, well-oxygenated environments at water depths of 60-90 m. Planktic foraminiferal assemblages and oxygen isotopes point to sea-surface temperatures between ~16 and 22ºC, and bottom-water temperatures between 17 and 24ºC. The analyzed proxies indicate that <i>Terebratula </i>tolerated local variations in water depth, bottom temperature, oxygenation, productivity and organic enrichment. <i>Terebratula</i> was probably excluded by grazing pressure from well-lit environments and preferentially occupied sediment-starved, current-swept upper offshore habitats where coralline red algae were absent. Narrow temperature ranges of <i>Terebratula</i> species might have been a disadvantage during the high-amplitude seawater temperature fluctuations that started about 1 Myr ago, when the genus went extinct.</span></span></p>
Data from: Brachiopod shell thickness links environment and evolution
While it is well established that the shapes and sizes of shells are strongly phylogenetically controlled, little is known about the phylogenetic constraints on shell thickness. Yet, shell thickness is likely to be sensitive to environmental fluctuations and has the potential to illuminate environmental perturbations through deep time. Here we systematically quantify the thickness of the anterior brachiopod shell which protects the filtration chamber and is thus considered functionally homologous across higher taxa of brachiopods. Our data comes from 66 genera and ten different orders and shows well-defined upper and lower boundaries of anterior shell thickness. For Ordovician and Silurian brachiopods we find significant order-level differences and a trend of increasing shell thickness with water depth. Modern (Cenozoic) brachiopods, by comparison, fall into the lower half of observed shell thicknesses. Among Ordovician – Silurian brachiopods, older stocks commonly have thicker shells, and thick-shelled taxa contributed more prominently to the Great Ordovician Biodiversification, but suffered more severely during the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction. Our data point at a significant reduction in maximum and minimum shell thickness following the Late Ordovician mass extinction. This points towards stronger selection pressure for energy-efficient shell secretion during times of crisis.
Data from: Were bivalves ecologically dominant over brachiopods in the late Paleozoic? A test using exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages
Interpreting changes in ecosystem structure from the fossil record can be challenging. In a prominent example, the traditional view that brachiopods were ecologically dominant over bivalves in the Paleozoic has been disputed on both taphonomic and metabolic grounds. Aragonitic bivalves may be underrepresented in many fossil assemblages due to preferential dissolution. Abundance counts may further understate the ecological importance of bivalves because they tend to have more biomass and higher metabolic rates than brachiopods. We evaluate the relative importance of the two clades in exceptionally preserved, bulk-sampled fossil assemblages from the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation of Kentucky, where aragonitic bivalves are preserved as shells, not molds. At the regional scale, brachiopods were twice as abundant as bivalves and were collectively equivalent in biomass and energy use. Analyses of samples from the Paleobiology Database that contain abundance counts are consistent with these results and show no clear trend in the relative ecological importance of bivalves during the middle and late Paleozoic. Bivalves were probably more important in Paleozoic ecosystems than is apparent in many fossil assemblages, but they were not clearly dominant over brachiopods until after the Permian-Triassic extinction, which caused the shelly benthos to shift from bivalve and brachiopod dominated to merely bivalve dominated.
Data from: Morphological analysis of phylogenetic relationships among extant rhynchonellide brachiopods
Rhynchonellida is the stratigraphically oldest and phylogenetically most basal of the extant rhynchonelliform brachiopod orders, yet phylogenetic relationships among rhynchonellides are poorly known. The fourteen named rhynchonellide superfamilies (four of which have extant representatives) were defined primarily on the basis of features of the dorsal cardinalia, particularly crural morphology, but their homology and polarity have not been investigated rigorously. Superfamily monophyly is unclear, as is the evolution of several distinctive rhynchonellide morphological features, such as crura. The purpose of this study is to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among extant rhynchonellide genera using skeletal characters, and to compare the results with the current classification, elucidating the evolution of morphological features in the process. We completed parsimony-based and Bayesian analyses using fifty-eight characters of the interior and exterior of the shell that vary among the nineteen extant genera. Our results are readily interpretable with respect to the classification, and indicate that Hemithiridoidea, Dimerelloidea, and (in some analyses) Pugnacoidea appear to be monophyletic. Species classified in Dimerelloidea and Pugnacoidea, and in certain cases Hemithiridoidea, each form derived subclades that evolve from within a paraphyletic Norelloidea at the base of each subclade. Raduliform crura appear to be the most basal, phylogenetically; five other crural morphologies evolve from the raduliform state. However, morphological characters currently uniting genera in rhynchonellide superfamilies are not clearly diagnostic and exhibit a relatively high degree of homoplasy overall, suggesting that consistency with the classification may be based on a false sense of confidence in rhynchonellide morphology to clearly elucidate evolutionary relationships. Published molecular phylogenetic hypotheses conflict with the morphological topologies, further supporting this possibility. The evolutionary trends among diagnostic characters of Recent rhynchonellides appear to reflect successive juvenilization in adult morphology in several subclades, suggesting that heterochrony may have played an important role in the evolution of the group.
Data from: Three-dimensional morphological variability of recent rhynchonellide brachiopod crura
Crura, the calcareous support structures of the lophophore in rhynchonellide brachiopods, have historically been used to justify higher-level rhynchonellide classification and reveal major evolutionary lineages within rhynchonellides. Seventeen crural types have been described and categorized into four groups based on variation in overall structure and cross-sectional shape, but not evaluated in a quantitative or comprehensive manner. Heterochrony has been hypothesized to play a role in the evolutionary transitions among some types, but the structural, developmental, and phylogenetic context for testing these hypotheses has not yet been established. In this study, we use three-dimensional geometric morphometric techniques to quantify morphological disparity among all six crural morphs in Recent adult rhynchonellides, with the goal of delineating more objective criteria for identifying and comparing crural morphs, ultimately to test hypotheses explaining morphological transformations in ontogeny and phylogeny. We imaged the crura of seven Recent rhynchonellide species, using X-ray computed microtomography. We used landmarks and semi-landmarks to define the dimensions and curvature of the crura and the surrounding hinge area. Procrustes-standardized landmark coordinates were analyzed using a principal component analysis to test the discreteness of the individual crural morphs and named groups of morphs, and to identify features that vary most among the crural configurations. Our results demonstrate that microCT imaging techniques provide novel ways to investigate the morphology of small features that may be otherwise impossible to quantify using more conventional imaging techniques. Although we predicted overlap among crural morphs in the 3-D shape space, the principal component analyses suggest that five of the six crural morphs differ distinctly from one another. Some but not all previously designated crural groups appear to exhibit morphological cohesion. This study establishes a quantitative morphological foundation necessary to begin an investigation of the phylogenetic significance of ontogenetic changes in crura, which will allow hypotheses of heterochrony to be tested.
Data from: Phylogenetic revision of the Strophomenida, a diverse and ecologically important palaeozoic brachiopod order
The order Strophomenida was an ecologically abundant and taxonomically diverse group of Palaeozoic brachiopods that originated in the earliest Ordovician and went extinct in the Carboniferous. During their long geological range, the Strophomenida survived two of the 'Big Five' mass extinction events, the Late Ordovician and the Late Devonian, suggesting that they are potentially informative taxa for studying the evolutionary effects of these two distinct mass extinctions, each with drastically different forcing mechanisms. However, while there have been previous phylogenetic studies on smaller groups within the Strophomenida, the phylogenetic relationships of the whole group are still largely unknown. The group has been divided into two major superfamilies, the Strophomenoidea (strophomenoids) and the Plectambonitoidea (plectambonitoids). Despite being treated as separate clades, the plectambonitoids may form a paraphyletic grade into the strophomenoids. We present a detailed higher-level parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of the Strophomenida, consisting of 69 characters and 62 exemplar species sampled from the majority of the taxonomically defined families/subfamilies. Several species of basal chonetids (strophochonetids) were also included in this analysis, as they may be closely related to the Strophomenida and share several characters with both the plectambonitoids and strophomenoids. The phylogenetic analysis suggests the plectambonitoids, as originally defined, are paraphyletic to the monophyletic strophomenoids. The basal chonetids are reconstructed as a monophyletic group that is sister to the strophomenoids, suggesting that their proper placement might be within the Strophomenida. The topology also suggests that at least 17 of the taxonomically defined strophomenoid and plectambonitoid families are likely to be monophyletic. The Plectambonitidae and the Taffiidae as defined are paraphyletic, and the Grorudiidae and Leptostrophiidae are polyphyletic. Furthermore, subfamilies Leptodontellinae, Dicoelostrophiinae, Palaeostrophomeninae and Aegiromeninae are raised to the level of family. When analysed within this phylogenetic context, the Late Ordovician mass extinction event had little effect on the large-scale evolution of the group.
FIGURE 1 in New paedomorphic brachiopods from the abyssal zone of the north-eastern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 1. Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean with brachiopod-bearing stations indicated.
Fig. 1 in A New Siphonotretid Brachiopod from the Silurian of Central-Western New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 1. Regional geological map of the Boree Creek area. Stratigraphical section BM is indicated. Location of Fig. 2 is indicated by boxed area. (From Valentine et al., 2003)
Bivalve and Brachiopod Fossil Image Dataset (BBFID)
<p>This is the dataset of paper "Automatic identification and morphological comparison of bivalve and brachiopod fossils based on deep learning".</p>
Fig. 3 in Brachiopod fauna from uppermost Visean (Mississippian) mud mounds in Derbyshire, UK
Fig. 3. Facies architecture of the Brigantian (uppermost Visean) mud mound complex of Ricklow Quarry. A. Facies association map (outcrops only) of the study area of Ricklow Quarry, with position of the collected fossil brachiopod assemblages and samples for thin sections. Map drawn from a geodatabase built with ESRI ArcGIS® software. Basemap by Ordnance Survey, OS MasterMap Topography Layer, 1:1250 series. Kilometric coordinate system: British National Grid (projection: Transverse Mercator; datum: OSGB 1936; units: metres). B. Interpretative stratigraphic scheme of the studied mud mound complex with spatial distribution of the distinguished facies associations. Scales are approximate with 2× vertical exaggeration. Flank beds are inclined with an angle of 20–44°. Abbreviations: Fm., Formation; Lm., Limestone;
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.