Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Figs 1–5 in A review of Gnathoncus of Southeast Asia (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Saprininae)

Figs 1–5. Dorsal (1–4) and ventral (5) habitus of SE Asian Gnathoncus species. 1 – G. brevisternus Lewis, 1907; 2 – G. nannetensis (Marseul, 1862); 3 – G. rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792); 4–5 – G. sechuanus sp. nov.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Figs 16–51 in A review of Gnathoncus of Southeast Asia (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Saprininae)

Figs 16–51. Male genitalia of SE Asian Gnathoncus species. 16–24 – G. brevisternus Lewis, 1907: 16–18 – VIII sternite and tergite (16 – ventral view; 17 – dorsal view; 18 – lateral view). 19–20 – IX and X tergites (19 – dorsal view; 20 –lateral view). 21–22 – IX sternite (spiculum gastrale) (21 – ventral view; 22 – lateral view). 23–24 – aedeagus (23 – dorsal view; 24 – lateral view). 25–34 – G. nannetensis (Marseul, 1862) (after ÔΗΑRΑ 1994). 25–27 – VIII sternite and tergite (25 – apical half in ventral view; 26 – dorsal view; 27 – lateral view). 28–30 – aedeagus (28 – apex, apical view; 29 – dorsal view; 30 – lateral view). 31–32 – IX and X tergite (31 – dorsal view; 32 – lateral view). 33–34 – IX sternite (spiculum gastrale) (33 – ventral view; 34 –lateral view). 35–42 – G. rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792) (after ÔΗΑRΑ 1994). 35–37 – VIII sternite and tergite (35 – apical half in ventral view; 36 – dorsal view; 37 – lateral view). 38–39 – IX and X tergite (38 – dorsal view; 39 – lateral view). 40 – IX sternite (spiculum gastrale), ventral view. 41–42 – aedeagus (41 – dorsal view; 42 – lateral view). 43–51 – G. sechuanus sp. nov. 43–45 – VIII sternite and tergite (43 – ventral view; 44 – dorsal view; 45 – lateral view). 46–47 – IX and X tergites (46 – dorsal view; 47 –lateral view). 48–49 – IX sternite (spiculum gastrale) (48 – ventral view; 49 – lateral view). 50–51 – aedeagus (51 – dorsal view; 51 – lateral view)

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Figs 56–57 in A review of Gnathoncus of Southeast Asia (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Saprininae)

Figs 56–57. Habitus of SE Asian Gnathoncus species. 56 – G. semimarginatus Bickhardt, 1920, dorsal habitus; 57 – G. vietnamicus Kryzhanovskij, 1972, dorsal habitus. 58 – G. brevisternus Lewis, 1907, anterolateral view showing marginal pronotal stria; 59 – G. semimarginatus, the same.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Figs 1–13 in Review of the genus Cladiscus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species

Figs 1–13. Habitus and head of Cladiscus spp. (1–5, 6, 8, 10, 12, male; 7, 9, 11, 13, female). 1 – Cladiscus obeliscus Lewis, 1892; 2 – C. weyersi Kraatz, 1899; 3 – C. sauteri Schenkling, 1912; 4 – C. terminalis Schenkling, 1912; 5 – C. pallidicornis Corporaal & van der Wiel, 1949; 6, 7, 10, 11 – C. hachijoensis sp. nov. (6, 10, holotype; 7, 11, paratype); 8, 9, 12, 13 – C. liaoi sp. nov. (8, 12, holotype; 9, 13, paratype). Scale bars: 2.0 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Figs 59–70 in Review of the genus Cladiscus (Coleoptera: Cleridae) from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species

Figs 59–70. Metendosternite, terminal parts and genitalia of Cladiscus sauteri Schenkling, 1912 (59–61, 65–67, male; 62, 63, 68–70, female). 59 – metendosternite; 60, 63 – pygidium; 61, 64 – ventrite VI; 62 – spicular fork; 65–67 – male genitalia in lateral (65), ventral (66), and dorsal (67) views; 68–70 – apices of ovipositor in lateral (68), ventral (69), and dorsal (70) views.

FIG. 16 in Review of the Late Jurassic erymoid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda)

FIG. 16. — Stenodactylina insignis (Oppel, 1862), Stenodactylina shotoverigiganti n. sp. and Stenodactylina granulifera (Secrétan, 1964): A, holotype of S. insignis (Oxfordian, Haute-Saône, France); B, holotype MFN 2236 P1383/2 MB.A.1536 of Eryma anisodactylus Krause, 1891 (Kimmeridgian, Holzen, Germany); C, specimen IRSNB without number of S. insignis (Kimmeridgian, La Rochelle, France); D-G, holotype NHMUK 24559 of S. shotoverigiganti n. sp. (Oxfordian, Shotover, United Kingdom): right lateral view (D), left lateral view (E), schema (F), dorsal view (G); H-J, holotype MNHN.F.R03975 of S. granulifera (Kimmeridgian, Antsalova, Madagascar): lateral view (H), schema (J); C, D, holotype MNHN.F.R03974 of Eryma madagascariensis Secrétan, 1964 (Kimmeridgian, Antsalova, Madagascar). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; ip, intercalated plate; χ, attachment site of adductor testis muscle; ω, attachment site of mandibular muscle. Photographs: A, L. Cazes; B-E, G, J. Devillez; H, J, C. Lemzaouda. Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 13 in Review of the Late Jurassic erymoid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda)

FIG. 13. — Pustulina suevica Quenstedt, 1857 and its synonyms. A, holotype GPIT without number (Kimmeridgian,Nusplingen, Germany); B, holotype SMNS 3682-1 of Eryma fraasi Oppel, 1862 (Kimmeridgian, Nusplingen, Germany); C, holotype SMNS 3682-4 of Palaeastacus solitarius Oppel, 1862 (Kimmeridgian, Nusplingen, Germany); C, D, syntype MNHN.F.B12485 of Enoploclytia perroni (Oxfordian, Frasne, France): general view (C), line drawing (D); F, G, type material of Enoploclytia dorsetensis Woods, 1930 (Oxfordian, Weymouth, United Kingdom): holotype NHMUK In.27137 (F), paratype NHMUK 33414 (G); H-I, holotype of Eryma pseudobabeaui Dollfus, 1863 (Kimmeridgian, Le Havre, France): original figures of Dollfus (1863: pl. 1, figs 1-2); J-K, syntypes of Enoploclytia edwardsi Sauvage, 1891 (Kimmeridgian, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France): original figures of Sauvage (1891: pl. 3, figs 1-2). Abbreviations: a1, antennulae; a2, antenna; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; cd, cardiac groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e, eye; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; ip, intercalated plate; Mxp3, third maxilliped; ne, nephridiopore; sc, scaphocerite. Photographs and line drawing: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 5 in Review of the Late Jurassic erymoid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda)

FIG. 5. — Additionnal synonyms of Eryma ventrosum (Meyer, 1835): A, B, holotype BSPG AS VIII 114 of Eryma radiatum Oppel, 1861 (Oxfordian, Balingen, Germany): carapace (A), P1 chela (B); C, holotype IRSNB of Eryma cumonti Van Straelen, 1921 (Callovian, Pougues-les-Eaux, France); D, holotype MNHN.F.B13231 of Eryma babeaui Étallon, 1861 (Kimmeridgian, Boulogne-sur-mer, France); E, syntype MNHN.F.A29782 of Bolina thirriae Étallon, 1859 (Kimmeridgian, Gray, France); F, syntype MNHN.F.A29727 of Eryma affinis Ferry, 1865 (Bathonian, Fuissé, France); G, original figure of Garassino & Krobicki (2002: fig. 7) of the holotype of Galicia marianae (Oxfordian, Rudno, Poland); H, syntype MNHN.F.A29783 of Bolina girodi Étallon, 1859 (Saint-Claude, France); I, lectotype MJSN Col.Del.475 of Eryma greppini (Oppel, 1861) (Vellerat, Switzerland); J, paralectotype MJSN Col.Del.1 of E. greppini (Vellerat, Switzerland); K, dorsal view of the syntype MNHN.F.A29783 of B. girodi; L, dorsal view of the lectotype MJSN Col.Del.475 of E. greppini; M, specimen MFN 2236 P1383/2 MB.A.1537 from the Late Jurassic of Tanzania. Abbreviation: dd, dorsal domes. Photographs: A-C, M, J. Devillez; D-F, P. Loubry; H, K, L. Cazes; I-J, L, D. Becker. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 8 in Review of the Late Jurassic erymoid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda)

FIG. 8. — Eryma modestiforme (Schlotheim, 1822) and its synonyms from the Kimmeridgian – Tithonian of Germany: A, B, holotype MFN 2236 P1383/2 MB.A.0252 from Eichstätt: general view (A), schema (B); C, original figure of Garassino & Schweigert (2006: pl. 11, fig. 2) of the holotype of Astacus leptodactylus Germar, 1827 from Solnhofen; D, syntype BSPG AS VI 188 of Glyphea elongata Münster, 1839 from Solnhofen; E, F, syntypes of Glyphea laevigata Münster, 1839 from Solnhofen: specimen BSPG AS VII 198 (C), AS VII 194 (D), AS VII 197 (E); G, holotype BSPG AS VII 193 of Glyphea crassula Münster, 1839 from Solnhofen; H, holotype SMNS 64520 of Palaeastacus poeschli Schweigert & Röper, 2001 from Mülheim. Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e, eye; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove; ip, intercalated plate; PoA, postorbital area; s1-s6, pleonal somites. Photographs and line drawing: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 17 in Review of the Late Jurassic erymoid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda)

FIG. 17. — Stenodactylina pseudoventrosa (Beurlen,1928) n. comb., Stenodactylina australis (Secrétan, 1964) and Stenodactylina strambergensis (Bachmayer, 1959): A, B, holotype GPIT Ar/294/3 of S. pseudoventrosa, n. comb. (Kimmeridgian, Hülben, Germany): general view (A), schema (B); C, D, holotype MNHN.F.R03972 of S. australis (Tithonian, north of Analavelona Massif, Madagascar): ventral view (C), dorsal view (D); E, F, specimen MNHN.F.A33228 of S. australis (Tithonian, Marolalitra, Madagascar): general view (E), schema (F); G, H, original figures of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2b, c) of the holotype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic); I, original figure of Bachmayer (1959: pl. 2, fig. 2a) of the paratype of S. strambergensis (Tithonian, Stramberg, Czech Republic). Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; c, postcervical groove; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; i, inferior groove. Photographs: A, J. Devillez; C, D, C. Lemzaouda; C, L. Cazes. Line drawings: J. Devillez. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 4 in Review of the Late Jurassic erymoid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda)

FIG. 4. — Synonyms of Eryma ventrosum (Meyer, 1835): A, original figure of Étallon (1861: pl. 8, fig. 4) of Eryma rugosa (Oxfordian, Eschert, France); B, original figure of Étallon (1861: pl. 8, fig. 4) of Eryma thurmanni (Kimmeridgian, Porrentruy, France); C, D, original figures of Morière (1888: pl. 5, figs 1-2) of Eryma falcifera (Callovian, Écouché, France); E, original figure of Morière (1888: pl. 5, fig. 4) of Eryma caraboeufi (Callovian, Troarn, France); F, original figure of Morière (1888: pl. 5, fig. 3) of Eryma corbieri (Callovian, Écouché, France); G, original figure of Krause (1891: pl. 8, fig. 7) of Eryma meandrina (Callovian, Hildesheim, Germany); H, original figure of Krause (1891: pl. 8, fig. 5) of Eryma crassimanus (Oxfordian, Galgenberg near Hildesheim, Germany); I, original figure of Krause (1891: pl. 8,

FIG. 1 in Review of the Late Jurassic erymoid lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda)

FIG. 1. — Carapace and P1 chela morphologies of the Late Jurassic erymoids: A, regions of the carapace; B, morphology of a chela of the first pair of pereiopods; C, typical carapace groove pattern of Eryma; D, form I of chela of the first pair of pereiopods of Eryma; E, form II of chela of the first pair of pereiopods of Eryma; F, typical carapace groove pattern of Palaeastacus; G, typical chela of the first pair of pereiopods of Palaeastacus; H, typical carapace groove pattern of Pustulina; I, typical chela of the first pair of pereiopods of Pustulina; J, typical carapace groove pattern of Stenodactylina; K, form I of chela of the first pair of pereiopods of Stenodactylina; L, form II of chela of the first pair of pereiopods of Stenodactylina; F, typical carapace groove pattern of Enoploclytia; G, typical chela of the first pair of pereiopods of Enoploclytia. Abbreviations: a, branchiocardiac groove; ar, antennal region; b, antennal groove; b1, hepatic groove; br, branchial region; c, postcervical groove; cr, cardiac region; d, gastro-orbital groove; e1e, cervical groove; gr, gastric region; hr, hepatic region; i, inferior groove; ip, intercalated plate; PoA, post-orbital area; pr, pterygostomial region; χ, attachment site of adductor testis muscle; ω, attachment site of mandibular muscle. Line drawings: J. Devillez.

opencc-by-4.0May 2021View details →

Pull Request Review Comments Dataset

Pull Request Review Comments (PRRC) Datasets Two datasets have been created from the <a href="https://www.gharchive.org/">gharchive</a> website. The <a href="https://docs.github.com/en/developers/webhooks-and-events/github-event-types#pullrequestreviewcommentevent">Pull Request Review Comment Event</a> was selected from the set of available GitHub events. This dataset has been created for CARA: Chatbot for Automating Repairnator Actions as part of a master's thesis at KTH, Stockholm. First, a source dataset was downloaded from gharchive. That dataset ranges from January 2015 to December 2020. It consisted of 54,021,838 PRRCs and is over 18 Gigabytes in size. It took over 120 hours to download all the data files and extract PRRC from it. From this source dataset, two subsets were derived: <ol> <li> Pull Request Review Comments Dataset: This is the dataset of the comments from the latest100,000 threads in the source dataset from gharchive.</li> <li> Pull Request Review Threads Dataset: This is the dataset of comments that were concatenated together if they were from the same thread (in chronological order).</li> </ol>   Description The dataset is stored in the <a href="https://jsonlines.org/">JSONLines format</a>, as was the source dataset from gharchive. For PRRC events, the source dataset contains the fields `comment_id`, `commit_id`, `url`, `author`, `created_at`, and `body`.  <ul> <li>`comment_id` is the field which specifies the ID GitHub uses for that comment.</li> <li>`commit_id` is the field which specifies the ID of the commit proposed in the pull request.</li> <li>`url` is the field which specifies the url to the comment in a pull request thread.</li> <li>`author` is the field which lists the username of the author of the pull request.</li> <li>`created_at` is the field which specifies the time at which the pull request comment was created.</li> <li>`body` is the field which describes the contents of the PRRC.</li> </ul> The threads dataset contains the fields `url` and `body` which contain similar information as described above. However, the body field differs: it is a concatenation of all the PRRCs in a pull request thread. The comments dataset contains the fields  `comment_id`, `commit_id`, `url`, `author`, `created_at`, and `body`. They are the same fields from the initial dataset.   Construction We used the <a href="https://fasttext.cc/docs/en/language-identification.html">fasttext</a> model published by Facebook to detect the language of the PRRC. Only those PRRCs in English were preserved. We also removed any PRRC or thread whose size exceeded 128 Kilobytes.

dryad40/100

Data from: Spatial processes and evolutionary models: a critical review

Evolution is a fundamentally population level process in which variation, drift, and selection produce both temporal and spatial patterns of change. Statistical model fitting is now commonly used to estimate which kind of evolutionary process best explains patterns of change through time, using models like Brownian motion, stabilizing selection (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck), and directional selection on traits measured from stratigraphic sequences or on phylogenetic trees. But these models assume that the traits possessed by a species are homogeneous. Spatial processes such as dispersal, gene flow, and geographic range changes can produce patterns of trait evolution that do not fit the expectations of standard models, even when evolution at the local-population level is governed by drift or a typical OU model of selection. The basic properties of population level processes (variation, drift, selection, and population size) are reviewed and the relationship between their spatial and temporal dynamics is discussed. Typical evolutionary models used in palaeontology incorporate the temporal component of these dynamics, but not the spatial. Range expansions and contractions introduce rate variability into drift processes, range expansion under a drift model can drive directional change in trait evolution, and spatial selection gradients can create spatial variation in traits that can produce long-term directional trends and punctuation events depending on the balance between selection strength, gene flow, extirpation probability, and model of speciation. Using computational modelling that spatial processes can create evolutionary outcomes that depart from basic population-level notions from these standard macroevolutionary models.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Fig 2, 3 in Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Fig. 2, 3. Lateral view of Cataglyphis spp. with raised gaster in locomotion. 2: C. albicans with the gaster raised to almost a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the alitrunk; 3: C. nodus with the gaster never at more than an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the alitrunk.

Fig 63-77 in Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Figs 63-77. Lateral view of the right sagitta: 63: C. cursor, 64: C. emeryi; 65: C. altisquamis; 66: C. bombycinus; 67: C. emmae; 68: C.urens; 79: C. nigripes; 70: C.diehlii; 71: C. bicolor group sp. (dark form from Touggourt, Tunisia); 72: C. niger, 73: C. nodus; 74: C. setipes; 75: C. viaticoides; 76: C. ibericus; 77: C.fortis.

Figs 4-12 in Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Fig. 4-12. 4: Mandible of a small worker of C. bombycinus; 5: falcate mandible of a large worker of C. bombycinus', 6: mandible of a worker of C. nodus A = apical tooth, B = basal tooth, P = postbasal tooth; 7: lateral view of the petiole of a worker of C. aenescens; 8: same of C. ruber, 9: same of C. nodus; 10: same of C. altisquamis; 11: lateral view of the alitrunk of C. nodus, AL = alitrunk length, MH = metanotum height; PH = propodeum height; 12: same of C. urens.

Fig 28-42 in Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Figs 28-42. Caudal view of the right stipes and squamula. 28. C. cursor, 29: C. emeryi; 30: C. altisquamis; 31: C. bombycinus; 32: C. emmae; 33: C. urens; 34: C. nigripes; 35: C. diehlii; 36: C. bicolor group sp. (dark form from Touggourt, Tunisia); 37: C. niger; 38: C. nodus; 39: C. setipes; 40: C. viaticoides; 41: C. ibericus; 42: C.fortis.

Fig 13-27 in Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Fig. 13-27. Dorsal view of the subgenital plate. The apical or caudal part is sclerotized (shaded in fig. 13). 13. C. cursor, 14: C. emeryi; 15: C. altisquamis\ 16: C. bombycinus; 17: C. emmae; 18: C.urens; 19: C.nigripes; 20: C.diehlii; 21: C. bicolor group sp. (dark from from Touggourt, Tunisia); 22: C.niger; 23: C. nodus; 24: C.setipes; 25: C.viaticoides; 26: C.fortis; 27: C. ibericus.

Fig 1 in Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Fig. 1. Cladogram of the species groups of Cataglyphis. 0-9: Autapomorphies, 10-16 Synapomorphies (Plesiomorphic states in brackets). 0: Median lobe between stipes and volsella (not present); 1: stipes with a mediobasal lobe (not present); 2: cuspis with an apical extension (acute); 3: cuspis with a medioventral extension (straight); 4: lateral lobes of subgenital plate traiangular, acute (bilobed with a median part); 5: subgenital plate distally completely emarginate (bilobed with a median part); 6: subgenital plate with diverging lateral lobes (parallel); 7: subgenital plate with a deeply emarginate median part (median part simple); 8: trilobed subgenital plate (bilobed), squamula and stipes confluent; 9: sagitta with a blunt dorsal process (acute); sagitta without a serrated ventral face (serrated); 10: stipes with a confluent median appendage (no appendage present); 11: sagitta with serrated face laterally (ventrally); 12: sagitta anteriorly (ventrally) rectangular (depressed); 13: subgenital plate long, SPI > 125 (short SPI < 125); 14: squamula and stipes confluent (overlapping), volsella straight (cuspis bent); subgenital plate anteriorly trilobed (bilobed); 15: sagitta elongated (Figs 68-77), stipes with a mediobasal appendage, separated by a carina (no appendage present); 16: laterally, stipes separated from squamula by a membraneous part (stipes and squamula confluent), squamula overlapping stipes caudally (confluent).