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Figure 8 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 8. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the posterior region of the left mandible in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops brongersmianus (MZUSP 14674). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: cb, compound bone; q, quadrate; rp, retroarticular process.

Figure 10 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 10. Geographical distribution of nine species belonging to the genus Amerotyphlops from South America. A, zoomed map of species distributed in the north-eastern Brazil; B, zoomed map of four new species described in this work. Symbols: A. arenensis (black pentagons); A. amoipira (black diamonds); A. brongersmianus (black circles); A. yonenagae (black squares); A. pauciquamus (black inverted triangles); A. martis sp. nov. (black star); A. montanum sp. nov. (black triangles); A. illusorium sp. nov. (black cross); Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (black asterisk).

Fi g ur e 1 5. B o x p l o t o f p a t r i s t i c d i s t a n c e a m o n g Typhlopinae (Amerotyphlops, Typhlops, Antilotyphlops and Cubatyphlops). in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Fi g ur e 1 5. B o x p l o t o f p a t r i s t i c d i s t a n c e a m o n g Typhlopinae (Amerotyphlops, Typhlops, Antilotyphlops and Cubatyphlops).

Figure 1 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Typhlopoidea zoomed into the South American radiation of Amerotyphlops. The numbers on the branch represent bootstrap values> 75%. Letter A indicates the species of northern Brazil (Clade A), and letter B indicates species of the Amerotyphlops brongersmianus species complex (Clade B). Colour on branch represents the cryptic species Amerotyphlops sp. 1 (light blue), Amerotyphlops sp. 2 (dark pink), Amerotyphlops sp. 3 (green), and Amerotyphlops sp. 4 (red).

Figure 4 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 4. Holotype of Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 176 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm.

Figure 11 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 11. Holotype of Amerotyphlops montanum sp. nov. (MZUSP 20065). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 216 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm.

Figure 12 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 12. Holotype of Amerotyphlops martis sp. nov. (MNRJ 18744). Head in left lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views. TTL = 157 mm. Scale bar equal to 5 mm.

Figure 9 in Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy

Figure 9. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the anterior region of the left mandible in Amerotyphlops species based on HRXCT data. A, Amerotyphlops caetanoi sp. nov. (MZUSP S-023380); B, Amerotyphlops montanum sp. nov. (MZUSP 20065). Insert shows a lateral profile of the skull of A. brongersmianus presenting in red the position of the detailed region. Scales bars equal to 5 mm. Abbreviations: cb, compound bone; co, coronoid; d, dentary; sp, splenial.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Nazari V, Lukhtanov VA, Naderi A, Fric ZF, Dincă V, Vila R (2023) More hidden diversity in a cryptic species complex: a new subspecies of Leptidea sinapis (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) from Northern Iran. Comparative Cytogenetics 17: 113-128. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830

Length of male genitalia components (phallus, saccus, vinculum) and ratios (PL/VW, SL/VW) among Leptidea specimens measured in this study

FIGURES 19–20. A in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURES 19–20. A new location (distribution) record of Simplimorpha promissa in Ukraine. 19, a leaf mine of collected by Viktor Yepishin and Oleksiy Bidzilya (Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, Kyiv, Ukraine) on 28.vi.2023 in Kyiv City, Feofania Park, general view of the mined leaf of Cotinus cogyggria Scop.; 20, same, enlarged view of the leaf mine (photographs courtesy of Viktor Yepishin)

FIGURE 9 in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURE 9. The Neighbor-Joining tree of twenty-two Simplimorpha promissa specimens based on the 653 bp long mtDNA CO1- 5' sequences. The divergence was calculated using the Tamura 3-parameter model and a gamma distribution. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10.000 replicates) are shown next to the branches (bootstrap values below 50 are not shown). S. lanceifoliella was included as the next related species, Pseudopostega cucullata—as an outgroup

FIGURES 10–18 in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURES 10–18. Male genitalia of Simplimorpha promissa (Staudinger) from Armenia. 10, Yerevan, Jrvezh Forest Park, 11.viii.2022, genitalia slide no. RA1128, capsule; 11, Yerevan, Jrvezh Forest Park, 21.viii.2022, genitalia slide no. RA1110, details of capsule; 15, same, phallus; l6, phallus, slide no. RA1128; 17, 18, cornuti, genitalia slide nos RA1110 and RA1128

FIGURES 1–7 in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURES 1–7. Simplimorpha promissa (Staudinger). 1, host plant Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae), Ukraine, Odesa; 2, adult (courtesy of Peter Buchner, Austria); 3–6, leaf mines, Ukraine, Odesa; 7, same, Armenia, Yerevan (Jzvezh Forest Park)

FIGURE 8 in Unexpected mitotype diversity of Simplimorpha promissa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) in Ukraine and Armenia revealing a possible cryptic taxon

FIGURE 8. The mitotype network of the 653 bp long mtDNA CO1-5' sequences of twenty-two Simplimorpha promissa specimens, constructed by the Minimum Spanning Network algorithm. S. lanceifoliella was included as the next related species. The size of each circle is proportional to mitotype frequency. The different colours show sampling countries; dashes on the lines connecting mitotypes indicate hypothetized mutational steps

Figure 7 in Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

Figure 7. Labial palps of: A, D. pruininus; B, D. belfragei; C, D. knisleyi sp. nov. A and B illustrate labial palps with a contrasting darker apical segment, and C illustrates labial palps that are consistently dark throughout.

Figure 3 in Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

Figure 3. Distribution of sampled Dromochorus populations. Colours correspond to those used in Figure 1. Green = D. pilatei, pink = D. welderensis sp. nov., sky blue = D. velutinigrens, red = D. chaparralensis sp. nov., blue = D. pruininus, lime green = D. knisleyi sp. nov., orange = D. minimus sp. nov., black = D. belfragei.

Figure 1 in Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

Figure 1. Number of new North American tiger beetle species described by decade, from 1766 to the present, as generally accepted in recent treatments of the North American fauna (e.g. Freitag, 1999; Pearson et al., 2006; Pearson et al., 2015).

Figure 6 in Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

Figure 6. Boxplots, by species, from morphometric data used in principal component analyses (PCA) for each of 411 individuals. PCA indicated three measurements: PC1, overall body length; PC2, shape of the pronotum; and PC3, elytral length to body length ratio, to explain 92–95% of the total variation in the dataset. Shown are targeted comparisons among two main phylogenetic groups: 1, the D. minimus–D. velutinigrens–D. welderensis–chaparralensis group; and 2, the D. knisleyi– D. belfragei–D. pruininus clade. Species labelled with the same letters did not differ significantly from each other, species labelled with 'ab' did not differ between other species which were significantly different. Percentages are relative contributions per analyses, and group; outliers are shown as black dots.

Figure 8. A in Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

Figure 8. A, Elytra showing distinct punctures (foveae) running parallel to the suture of the elytra (D. knisleyi sp. nov.). B, lack of distinct subsutural foveae (D. welderensis sp. nov.).

Figure 4 in Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

Figure 4. Unrooted population-level tree based on 61 890 GBS loci, constructed using the Fitch–Margoliash method in PHYLIP. Each branch of the tree represents a single geographic locality. Colours are as in Figures 2, 3.