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Fig. 10 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 10. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Kiselevka, middle Eocene (A, F, H, I, L), Staroverovka, middle Eocene (B), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (C, D, E, J, M), Russkie Tiŝki, upper Eocene (G), and Russkie Tiŝki, middle Eocene (K). A, B. Pentactines. C–F, H, I. Pinnular hexactines. G. Smooth hexactine. J. Tautactine. K, L, Hexactines. M. Stauractine. After Ivanik (2003); modified.

Fig. 6 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 6. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Russkie Tiŝki, Middle Eocene (A, H, O, Y, Z), Kiselevka, upper Eocene (B, C), Markovka, middle Eocene (D), Russkie Tiŝki, upper Eocene (E), Kiselevka, upper Eocene (F, G, M), Pogonovka borehole, upper Eocene (I), Markovka, upper Eocene (J, K, N), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (L, P), Grigorevka borehole, upper Eocene (Q, R, S, T), Melovoe, upper Eocene (U, V), and Kiselevka, middle Eocene (W, X). A. Spherostyle. B–D. Tylostyles. E, F, I–K, M. Acanthostyles. G, H. Exotyles. L. Clavidisc. N, O. Acanthoxeas. P–R. Acanthostrongyles. S, T. Sigmas. U, V. Anisochelae. W. Isochela. X. Spheraster. Y, Z. Tylotes. After Ivanik (2003); modified.

Fig. 8 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 8. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Verhnee, lower Eocene (A, K, L, P), Russkie Tiŝki, middle Eocene (B, D, N, Q), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (C, E, G, J), Markovka, upper Eocene (F, O), Lipcy, middle Eocene (H), Melovoe, upper Eocene (I), and Kantemirovka, upper Eocene (M). A.?Fragment of dictional skeleton. B. Pentactine. C. Hexactine. D, E.?Oxeas. F, G, O. Amphiclads. H. Broken lophodiactine. I, J. Lophocalthrops. K.?Lophocalthrop. L. Spicule fragment. M.?Spicule fragment. N. Dichotriaene. P. Calthrop. Q. Fragment of a diatom. After Ivanik (2003); modified.

Fig. 5 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 5. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Kiselevka, upper Eocene (A, E, N, V, X), Russkie Tiŝki, middle Eocene (B, C, F, G, I, J, M, AA), Markovka, middle Eocene (D, H, Q, R, W), Melovoe, upper Eocene (K), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (L, P, AF), Staroverovka, middle Eocene (O, Y, AI), Markovka, upper Eocene (S, U, AD, AE, AG), Pesčanoe, upper Eocene (T), Harkov region, middle Eocene (Z), Kantemirovka, upper Eocene (AB), Russkie Tiŝki, upper Eocene (AC), and Kiselevka, middle Eocene (AH). A–D, V–X. Strongyles. E. Exotyle. F–K. Acanthostrongyles. L–N. Acanthostyles. O, P. Ophirhabds. Q–T. Flexuous oxeas. U. Acanthostrongyle. Y. Oxyspheraster. Z. Oxyaster. AA–AD. Microstrongyles. AE, AG. Oxyasters. AF. Oxyaster. AH, AI. Spherasters. After Ivanik (2003); modified.

Fig. 3 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 3. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Černoleska, upper Eocene (A), Pesčanoe, upper Eocene (B), Russkie Tiŝki, middle Eocene (C, I, Q), Verhnee, lower Eocene (D, F, H, J, K, O, P), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (E, L), Staroverovka, middle Eocene (G), Markovka, upper Eocene (M), Kiselevka, lower Eocene (N), Grigorevka, middle Eocene (R), Kiselevka, middle Eocene (S), Markovka, middle Eocene (T), and Pesčanoe, upper Eocene (U). A, C. Anatriaenes. B. Orthodichotriaene. D, I–K, O, P. Mesotriaenes. E. Prodichotriaene. F, T. Calthrops. G, H. Dichotriaenes. L. Tylostyle. M, N. Mesodichotriaenes. Q, R. Triods. S.?Plesiaster. U. Oxyaster. After Ivanik (2003); modified.

Fig. 1 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 1. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Grigorevka borehole, upper Eocene (B), Glâdov Âr, Upper Cretaceous (A, G, J), Pogonovka borehole, upper Eocene (C), Russkie Tiŝki, middle Eocene (D, F, I, O, W, X, Z, AA), Markovka, upper Eocene (E, H, N), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (K, L, Q, T, U, V), Pesčanoe, upper Eocene (M, AB), Kantemirovka, upper Eocene (P), Harkov region, middle Eocene (S), Verhnee, lower Eocene (R), and Staroverovka, middle Eocene (Y). A, G, H. Aspidasters. B. Spheraster. C, E, J, N. Sterrasters. D, F. Selenasters. I. Triaene. K, X. Mesotriaene. L, O. Anatriaenes. M, AB. Dichotriaenes. Q. Centrotylote?oxea. R.?Triaene. S. Plagiotriaene. P, T, U. Triaenes. V. Irregular triaene. W. Style. Y– AA. Diaenes. After Ivanik (2003); modified.

Fig. 2 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 2. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Čečva, lower Oligocene (A, B), Staroverovka, middle Eocene (C, L), Verhnee, lower Eocene D), Russkie Tiŝki, middle Eocene (E, H, R, Z), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (F, I, J, K, M, T), Černoleska, upper Eocene (G), Markovka, upper Eocene (N), Melovoe, middle Eocene (O), Glâdov Âr, Cretaceous (P), Markovka, lower Oligocene (Q), Lipcy, middle Eocene (S), Pogonovka, upper Eocene (U), Melovoe, upper Eocene (V), Pesčanoe, upper Eocene (W, Y), and Kiselevka, upper Eocene (X). A–E, G. Protriaenes. F, H, J, K, M, U, V. Anatriaenes., L, P. Prodichotriaenes. N, O. Oxeas. Q. Orthotriaene. R. Diaene. S.?Triaene. T. Orthodichotriaene. W–Y. Pinakids. Z. Dichotriaene. After Ivanik 2003); modified.

Fig. 7 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 7. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Markovka, upper Eocene (A, E, K), Kiselevka, middle Eocene (B, U), Lipcy, middle Eocene (C), Russkie Tiŝki, middle Eocene (D, J, P, R, V, W, X, AB), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (F, H, Y), Kantemirovka, upper Eocene (G, L, AA), Kiselevka, upper Eocene (I, O, Z), Pogonovka, upper Eocene (M, N), Melovoe, upper Eocene (Q, T), Černoleska, upper Eocene (S), and Staroverovka, middle Eocene (AC). A–E. Oxeas. F, H. Acanthoxeas. G. Acanthorhabd. I, J. Acanthostrongyles. K, M, N. Acanthostyles. L, O–Q. Styles. R. Reduced triaene. S. Anatriaene. T, U. Unknowns spicule. V. Orthotriaene. W, X. Tylostyles. Y. Spicule fragment. Z. Exotyle. AA.?Fragment of a triaene. AB. Amphiaster. AC. Spheraster. After Ivanik (2003); modified.

Fig. 4 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of Paleogene sponge fauna of the East European Platform through reassessment of the record of isolated spicules

Fig. 4. Spicule morphotypes from south-central Ukraine; Russkie Tiŝki, middle Eocene (A, O), Nikol'skoe, upper Eocene (B, C), Kantemirovka, middle Eocene (D), Melovoe, upper Eocene (E), Staroverovka, middle Eocene (F), Kantemirovka, upper Eocene (G, I), Markovka, upper Eocene (H, N), Pogonovka borehole, upper Eocene (J, L, M), Markovka, middle Eocene (K, P, T), Kiselevka, middle Eocene (Q), Lipcy, middle Eocene (R), and Kiselevka, upper Eocene (S). A. Protriaene. B, C. Anatriaenes. D. Centrotylote oxea. E–H. Amphitriaenes. I–K. Acanthotriods. L, M. Verticillate oxeas. N. Verticillate style. O–R, T. Acanthoxeas. S. Sanidaster. After Ivanik (2003); modified.

Fig. 11 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 11. Vertebrae referred by Ochev (1980) to erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980, but here considered as Erythrosuchidae indet., from Sol-Iletsk district, Orenburg Province, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic. A. Two cervico-dorsal vertebrae (PIN 4165/18) from the Bukobay I locality in anterior (A1), left lateral (A2), right lateral (A3), and ventral (A4) views. B. Centrum of cervical vertebra (PIN 4188/97) from the Bukobay V locality in anterior (B1), left lateral (B2), posterior (B3), right lateral (B4), and dorsal (B5) views. C. Dorsal vertebra (PIN 4188/98) from the Bukobay V locality in anterior (C1), left lateral (C2), ventral (C3), right lateral (C4), and posterior (C5) views.

Fig. 10 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 10. Partial left surangular referred by Sennikov (1995, 2008) to erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 (PIN 525/30) but here considered as Erythrosuchidae indet., from the Koltaevo III locality, Kuyurgazinskiy district, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), and medial (A4) views.

Fig. 8 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 8. Teeth of erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 (PIN 4366/3, A; PIN 4366/8, B) from the Bukobay VII locality, SolIletsk district, Orenburg Province, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in labial (A1), lingual (A2), mesial (A3, B3), distal (A4, B4), and labial/lingual (B1, B2) views, and with close-ups of enamel wrinkles and serrations (A5, B5).

Fig. 9 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 9. Partial right nasals referred by Ochev (1980) and Sennikov (1995, 2008) to erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 PIN 2867/18, A; PIN 2867/7, B) from the Koltaevo III locality, Kuyurgazinskiy district, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in lateral (A1, B1), anterior (A2), and medial (A3, B2) views.

Fig. 12 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 12. Reconstruction of maxilla and left nasal of erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980, in articulation as preserved (A), and close to the articulation reconstructed by Ochev (1980). This reconstruction produces a strongly downturned nasal, but is incorrect due to damage to the nasal between the main body and the ventral process. An alternative reconstruction (B) shows a more anteriorly directed nasal, providing space to accommodate a Shansisuchus-like premaxilla and a larger accessory antorbital fenestra.

Fig. 7 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 7. Left pterygoid of erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 (PIN 4366/4, PIN 4366/5, PIN 4366/7) from the Bukobay VII locality, Sol-Iletsk district, Orenburg Province, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in ventromedial (A1), dorsolateral (A2), and ventrolateral (A3) views.

Fig. 6 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 6. Right quadrate of erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 (paratype, PIN 4366/2) from the Bukobay VII locality, SolIletsk district, Orenburg Province, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in posterior (A1), lateral (A2), anterior (A3), medial (A4), ventral (A5), and dorsal (A6) views.

Fig. 5 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 5. Right nasal of erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 (holotype, PIN 4366/1) from the Bukobay VII locality, Sol-Iletsk district, Orenburg Province, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in lateral (A1) and medial (A2) views.

Fig. 4 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 4. Left nasal of erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 (holotype, PIN 4366/1) from the Bukobay VII locality, Sol-Iletsk district, Orenburg Province, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in lateral (A1) and medial (A2) views, and in oblique posteroventromedial view showing the articular surface for the ascending process of the maxilla (A3).

Fig. 2 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 2. Left maxilla of erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 (holotype, PIN 4366/1) from the Bukobay VII locality, SolIletsk district, Orenburg Province, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in lateral (A1) and medial (A2) views.

Fig. 3 in The last erythrosuchid-a revision of Chalishevia cothurnata from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia

Fig. 3. Left maxilla of erythrosuchid archosauriform Chalishevia cothurnata Ochev, 1980 (holotype, PIN 4366/1) from the Bukobay VII locality, SolIletsk district, Orenburg Province, Russia; Bukobay Gorizont, Ladinian, late Middle Triassic; in ventral (A1) and dorsal (A2) views. Abbreviations: al1–13, alveoli 1–13.