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1,723 results for “Alpine”
Scavenger community structure along an environmental gradient from boreal forest to alpine tundra in Scandinavia
<p>Scavengers can have strong impacts on food webs, and awareness of their role in ecosystems have increased during the last decades. In our study, we used baited camera traps to quantify the structure of the winter scavenger community in central Scandinavia across a forest-alpine continuum and assess how climatic conditions affected spatial patterns of species occurrences. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the main habitat type (forest or alpine tundra) and snow depth were main determinants of community structure. According to hierarchical modelling of the species community, species richness was higher in forest than in alpine habitat but was only weakly associated with temperature and snow depth. However, we observed stronger and more diverse impacts of these covariates on individual species. Occurrence at baits of habitat generalists (red fox, golden eagle and common raven) typically increased at low temperatures and high snow depth, probably due to increased energetic demands and lower live prey availability in harsh winter conditions. On the contrary, occurrence of forest specialists (e.g. Eurasian jay) tended to decrease in deep snow, which is possibly a consequence of reduced bait detectability and accessibility. In general, the influence of environmental covariates on species richness and occurrence was lower in alpine tundra than in forests, and habitat generalists dominated the scavenger communities in both habitat types. Following forecasted climate change, altered environmental conditions is likely to cause range expansion of boreal species and range contraction of typical alpine species such as the arctic fox. Our results suggest that altered snow conditions will be a main driver of change.</p>
Seasonal and daily movement patterns of an alpine passerine suggest high flexibility in relation to environmental conditions
<p>Mountains naturally offer variable habitat conditions, but their biodiversity is currently facing the extra challenge of adapting to rapid environmental shifts that are much more pronounced than in the lowlands. Among adaptive responses, intra- and inter-seasonal movements represent potentially important coping strategies for wildlife that remain largely unexplored. We investigated the seasonal and daily movements of the ring ouzel <em>Turdus torquatus</em>, a European mountain bird species that is declining in many parts of its distribution. We tracked individuals breeding in the Swiss Alps using light-level geolocators and multi-sensor loggers. Of the birds traced to their non-breeding grounds, two thirds reached the Atlas Mountains while one third stayed in Spain, a region potentially more significant for overwintering than previously thought. The birds remained mostly above 1000 m throughout the annual cycle, highlighting a strict association of ring ouzels with mountain habitats. We also evidenced flexible daily elevational movements, especially upon spring arrival on the breeding grounds in relation to date and snowfall occurrence, suggesting adaptive potential in response to environmental variation. This study shows how modern technology can deliver deeper and valuable insights into movements, behavioural patterns, and life-history strategies for relatively little-studied animal species. By doing so, it paves the way for refined assessments of species' vulnerability to ongoing global change while providing basic conservation guidance.</p>
A phylogeny of Antirrhinum reveals parallel evolution of alpine morphology
<p>• Parallel evolution of similar morphologies in closely related lineages provides insight into the repeatability and predictability of evolution. In the genus <i>Antirrhinum</i> (snapdragons), as in other plants, a suite of morphological characters are associated with adaptation to alpine environments.</p> <p>• We test for parallel trait evolution in <i>Antirrhinum</i> by investigating phylogenetic relationships using Restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. We then associate phenotypic information to our phylogeny to reconstruct patterns of morphological evolution and relate this to evidence for hybridization between emergent lineages.</p> <p>• Phylogenetic analyses show that the alpine character syndrome is present in multiple groups, suggesting that <i>Antirrhinum </i>has repeatedly colonised alpine habitats. Dispersal to novel environments happened in the presence of intraspecific and interspecific gene flow.</p> <p>• We find support for a model of parallel evolution in <i>Antirrhinum</i>. Hybridisation in natural populations, and a complex genetic architecture underlying the alpine morphology syndrome, support an important role of natural selection in maintaining species divergence in the face of gene flow.</p>
FIGURE 41 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURE 41. Maximum Likelihood tree of the Teleiopsis based on concatenated data of COI, CAD, EF-1a, IDH, MDH and wingless genes. The tree was rooted on Carpatolechia notatella (not depicted because of very long branch leading to it). Bootstrap support values for T. albifemorella and T. paulheberti are shown below the nodes.
FIGURES 29–32 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURES 29–32. Female genitalia of Teleiopsis paulheberti sp. nov., segment VIII and antrum. 29, paratype, Italy (Cuneo), slide GEL 1162; 30, paratype, France (Alpes-Maritimes), slide GEL 1161; 31, paratype, France (Hautes-Alpes), slide GEL 1171; 32, as 31, diagnostic details of antrum.
FIGURE 40 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURE 40. Neighbor-joining trees of the Teleiopsis (implemented under Kimura 2 Parameter model) of nuclear genes CAD, EF-1a, IDH, MDH and wingless.
FIGURE 39 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURE 39. Neighbor-joining tree of the Teleiopsis (implemented under Kimura 2 Parameter model) based on sequences of the mtDNA COI gene 5' fragment (DNA barcode, 658 bp). Bootstrap support values, based on 500 pseudoreplicates, are shown for internal nodes. The tree was rooted on T. terebinthinella, the presumed sister taxon of other species. The scale bar indicates 0.5% change in sequence composition.
FIGURES 33–38 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURES 33–38. Female genitalia of Teleiopsis albifemorella, details of signum. 33–35, T. albifemorella: 33, Austria (North Tyrol), slide GEL 1165; 34, Austria (Upper Austria), slide GEL 1168; 35, Slovenia, slide GEL 1164. 36–38, T. paulheberti sp. nov.: 36, paratype, Italy (Cuneo), slide GEL 1162; 37, paratype, France (Alpes-Maritimes), slide GEL 1161; 38, paratype, France (Hautes-Alpes), slide GEL 1171.
FIGURES 7–10 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURES 7–10. Adults of Teleiopsis paulheberti sp. nov., males. 7, paratype, Italy (Cuneo); 8, paratype, Italy (L´Aquila); 9, paratype, France (Alpes-Maritimes); 10, paratype France (Hautes-Alpes).
FIGURES 25–28 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURES 25–28. Female genitalia of Teleiopsis albifemorella, segment VIII and antrum. 25, Austria (North Tyrol), slide GEL 1165; 26, Austria (Upper Austria), slide GEL 1168; 27, Slovenia, slide GEL 1164; 28, as 25, diagnostic details of antrum.
FIGURES 19–24 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURES 19–24. Segment VIII of male Teleiopsis. 19–21, T. albifemorella: 19, Austria (North Tyrol), slide GEL 1166; 20, Austria (Upper Austria), slide GEL 1167; 21, Slovenia, slide GEL 1163. 22–24, T. paulheberti sp. nov.: 22, holotype, Italy (Cuneo), slide GEL 1159; 23, paratype, Italy (L´Aquila), slide GEL 1169; 24, paratype, France (Hautes-Alpes), slide GEL 1172.
FIGURES 15–18 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURES 15–18. Male genitalia of Teleiopsis paulheberti sp. nov. 15, holotype, Italy (Cuneo), slide GEL 1159; 16, paratype, Italy (L´Aquila), slide GEL 1169; 17, paratype, France (Hautes-Alpes), slide GEL 1172; 18, as 17, diagnostic details of uncusgnathos region.
FIGURES 1–6 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURES 1–6. Adults of Teleiopsis albifemorella, males. 1–2, Austria (North Tyrol); 3, Austria (Upper Austria); 4, Italy (Udine); 5, Italy (South Tyrol); 6, Italy (Verona).
FIGURES 11–14 in Taxonomy of spatially disjunct alpine Teleiopsis albifemorella s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) revealed by molecular data and morphology — how many species are there?
FIGURES 11–14. Male genitalia of Teleiopsis albifemorella. 11, Austria (North Tyrol), slide GEL 1166; 12, Austria (Upper Austria), slide GEL 1167; 13, Slovenia, slide GEL 1163; 14, as 13, diagnostic details of uncus-gnathos region.
Supplementary material 2 from: Müller A, Richter H (2018) Dual function of Potentilla (Rosaceae) in the life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 2: 139-147. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.30158
Computed tomography (CT) movie of nest 2 of Hoplitisrobusta : Explanation note: Computed tomography (CT) movie of nest 2 of Hoplitisrobusta; note the vertical plug consisting of several successive layers of leaf pulp and the five brood cells in the horizontal part of the L-shaped cerambycid tunnel.
Supplementary material 1 from: Müller A, Richter H (2018) Dual function of Potentilla (Rosaceae) in the life history of the rare boreoalpine osmiine bee Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 2: 139-147. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.30158
Computed tomography (CT) movie of nest 1 of Hoplitisrobusta : Explanation note: Computed tomography (CT) movie of nest 1 of Hoplitisrobusta; note the vertical nest plug consisting of several successive layers of leaf pulp and the six brood cells in the horizontal part of the L-shaped cerambycid tunnel.
Data from: Repeated alpine flight loss within the widespread New Zealand stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens
<p><span>Flight loss is a common feature of upland insect assemblages, with recent studies detecting parallel wing reduction events across independent alpine lineages. However, the geographic scale over which such repeated evolution can operate remains unclear. In this study, we use genotyping-by-sequencing</span> to assess the genomic relationships among vestigial-winged and full-winged populations of the widespread New Zealand stonefly <em>Nesoperla</em> <em>fulvescens</em>, to test for repeated wing loss events over small spatial scales. Biogeographic analyses indicate that alpine wing loss in this widespread species is restricted to a single, narrow mountain range. Intriguingly, our coalescent analyses indicate that upland vestigial-winged <em>N</em>. <em>fulvescens</em> populations are not sister to one another, suggesting wings have been lost independently in disjunct populations of this species, over a <30 km scale. Our results suggest that selection against flight above the alpine treeline can drive rapid and repeated adaptation even across narrow spatial scales. We propose that such repetitive processes may represent a far more pervasive feature of alpine insect adaptation than is currently recognised.</p>
Fig. 4 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)
Fig. 4. (A) STRUCTURE plots (K = 2 and K = 3) of Nesoperla fulvescens from three sites across the Tararua Range, based on 39,642 SNP markers. Each vertical bar represents an individual, with color indicating the inferred genomic cluster.The anomalous full-winged individuals from Field and Dundas are indicated with stars (B) The estimated proportion of migrants (+95% HPD intervals) to and from each N. fulvescens population on theTararua Range, derived from BA3-SNPs.
Fig. 3 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)
Fig. 3. COI haplotype network of Nesoperla fulvescens from five locations. Each circle represents a haplotype, and circles are scaled by size according to the number of sequenced individuals per haplotype. Haplotypes are colored by locality (see key). Uninterrupted lines in the network represent single step mutations. Small open circles indicate hypothetical intermediate (unsampled) haplotypes.
Fig. 2 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)
Fig. 2. (A) Map of Nesoperla fulvescens sampling sites from in southern North Island, New Zealand. (B) Principal component analyses, based on 39,642 SNP markers, demonstrating the genomic divergence among different N. fulvescens populations. Individuals are colored by geographic location (from A). Vestigialwinged ecotypes are marked with an asterisk.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.