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1,088 results for “Bivalves”
FIGURE 1 in Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species
FIGURE 1. MAP Of THE STUDY AREA IN BAHIA STATE, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL. SHELLS WERE COLLECTED AT ITAPARICA BEACH (BLACK CIRCLE), TODOS OS SANTOS BAY.
FIGURES 1-8 in Anatomical Study On Myoforceps Aristatus, An Invasive Boring Bivalve In S.E. Brazilian Coast (Mytilidae)
FIGURES 1-8. Myoforceps aristatus shells: 1-4) MZSP 48274 #1 (from Ubatuba, SP), 1) dorsal view; 2) left view; 3) right valve, inner view; 4) left valve, inner view; total length = 14.8 mm; 5-8) MZSP 48275 #1 (from Arraial do Cabo, RJ); 5) right view; 6) left view; 7) ventral view; 8) posterior view, showing characteristic crossed posterior projections; total length = 11.1 mm; 9-10) FMNH 311641 (from Florida), ventral and right views, specimen with contrary crossed posterior projections, total length = 24.1 mm.
FIGURES 16-18 in Anatomical Study On Myoforceps Aristatus, An Invasive Boring Bivalve In S.E. Brazilian Coast (Mytilidae)
FIGURES 16-18. Myoforceps aristatus anatomy: 16) whole right view, semi-diagrammatic representation of digestive tract and topology of main muscles, mucous gland (mg) and pericardium; 17) stomach right view, longitudinal section along gastric right wall; 18) ventral region of posterior adductor muscle (pa), with most integument and right gill removed, and topology of some adjacent structures shown. Scales = 1 mm.
Bivalve body mass: Body mass bivalves
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FIGURE 4 in New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands (northwestern Pacific Ocean): A study of materials collected over 70 years of expeditions (from 1949 to 2019)
FIGURE 4. New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands. (A, B) Macoma torelli (Kunashir Island, 220 m, shell length 16.0 mm). (C, D) Kellia comandorica (Urup Island, 20 m, shell length 13.2 mm). (E, F) Kellia kussakini (Urup Island, 10 m, shell length 3.8 mm). (G, H) Adontorhina cyclia (Kunashir Island, 200 m, shell length 2.2 mm). (I–L) Adontorhina inflata (Zelyony Island, 1,742 m): I, exterior view of right valve (shell length 1.4 mm); J–L, scanning electron micrographs: (J) right valve (interior view), (K) both valves (dorsal view; RV up), (L) hinge plate of right valve. (M, P) Netastoma japonicum (South Kuril Strait, 25 m, shell length 12.7 mm). Scale bars: J–L=100 μm.
FIGURE 2 in New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands (northwestern Pacific Ocean): A study of materials collected over 70 years of expeditions (from 1949 to 2019)
FIGURE 2. New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands. (A, B) Acila divaricata (Kunashir Strait, 200 m, shell length 29.7 mm). (C, D) Acila insignis (Yuri Island, 1000 m, shell length 11.0 mm). (E, F) Nuculana ensiformis (Shikotan Island, 200 m, shell length 22.5 mm). (G, H) Poroleda ushakovi (Shumshu Island, 820 m, shell length 17.1 mm). (I, J) Robaia robai (Kunashir Strait, 300 m, shell length 16.3 mm). (K, L) Yoldia hyperborea (Paramushir Island, 215 m, shell length 19.0 mm). (M, N) Scanning electron micrographs of Huxleyia pentadonta (Paramushir Island, 214 m, shell length 2.3 mm). (O, P) Samacar kurilensis (Iturup Island, 265–270 m, shell length 16.5 mm). (Q, R) Tetrarca boucardi (Shpanberg Strait, 55 m, shell length 20.0 mm). (S, T) Limopsis oliveri (Urup Island, 50 m, shell length 9.0 mm). (U, V) Limopsis vaginata (Iturup Island, 600 m, shell length 26.3 mm).
FIGURE 3 in New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands (northwestern Pacific Ocean): A study of materials collected over 70 years of expeditions (from 1949 to 2019)
FIGURE 3. New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands. (A, B) Limatula attenuata (Iturup Island, 330 m, shell length 6.6 mm). (C, D) Limatula subauriculata (Iturup Island, 50 m, shell length 4.6 mm). (E, F) Musculus impressus (Urup Island, 123 m, shell length 17.7 mm). (G, H) Parvamussium intuscostatum (Onekotan Island, 146–147 m, shell length 17.2 mm). (I, J) Cardiomya cf. tosaensis (Urup Island, 100 m, shell length 7.8 mm). (K, L) Cetoconcha hyalina (Onekotan Island, 150–198 m, shell length 44.0 mm). (M, N) Dermatomya tenuiconcha (Simushir Island, 100 m, shell length 12.0 mm). (O, P) Poromya castanea (Iturup Island, 290 m, shell length 20.5 mm). (Q, R) Parvithracia sirenkoi (Paramushir Island, 400 m, shell length 7.0 mm). (S, T) Panomya ampla (Onekotan Island, 57 m, shell length 61.6 mm).
Data from: The bivalved arthropod Tuzoia from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of Guizhou, China, and new observations on comparative species
Tuzoia is a large, bivalved Cambrian arthropod having a widespread distribution in shallow-shelf to deeper marine Lagerstätten; stratigraphically it ranges from Cambrian Series 2 through the Miaolingian Series. In the present study, three species are recognized from relatively deep-water deposits of the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of Guizhou, South China: Tuzoia sinensis Pan, 1957, T. bispinosa Yuan et Zhao, 1999 and T. lazizhaiensis sp. nov. The new species is unique in having 6-10 small marginal spines on the dorsal margin, an inflated anterior margin with 3 short, closely spaced marginal spines. These remains, which usually occur as disarticulated valves, are inferred to be parautochthonous. One new specimen of T. lazizhaiensis shows a stalked eye and antenna. New Tuzoia material from the Kaili Biota (Cambrian: Wuliuan Stage) of Guizhou, and from the Guanshan Biota (Cambrian Stage 4) of Yunnan, China, provide additional comparative information about the genus. Some new specimens of T. bispinosa from the Kaili Biota provide information on valve morphology and palaeoecology. One specimen of T. sinensis from the Guanshan Biota provides information on the appendages, and one specimen of T. tylodesa, from the Guanshan Biota adds provides information on the trunk and appendages.
Data from: Consumer versus resource control and the importance of habitat heterogeneity for estuarine bivalves
The relative influence of consumers (top down) and resources (bottom up) on the distribution and abundance of organisms remains a key question in ecology. We examined the relationships between consumer and resource variables along a productivity gradient for a dominant predator–prey interaction in a marine soft-sediment system. We 1) quantified density and size of the clam Macoma balthica (prey species) in six replicate sites at each of four habitat types (shallow mud, deep mud, muddy sand and detrital mud) in the Rhode River, Chesapeake Bay. We selected one habitat type of high food availability and clam density (shallow mud) and another of low food availability and clam density (muddy sand) for manipulative experiments. Then, we 2) measured M. balthica survival and growth through transplants, 3) measured food availability as sedimentary organic carbon content, 4) quantified predator density, and 5) calculated predator foraging efficiency in the two habitat types. Clam density in the four habitat types differed and was related to sedimentary carbon availability and predator density. One of the habitats, detrital mud, appeared to be a population sink because it only held juvenile Macoma that never survived to reproductive age. Macoma size and growth, and predator (mainly blue crab Callinectes sapidus) densities were positively correlated with productivity and were higher in shallow mud than muddy sand. In contrast, Macoma mortality, local 'interaction strength', and predator foraging efficiency were lower in the productive habitat (shallow mud). Thus, predation intensity was inversely correlated with productivity (food availability); consumer and resource effects differed by habitat type; and, at a relatively small spatial scale, consumer and resource forces jointly determined population dynamics in this soft-sediment marine system.
Data from: Predatory fish sounds can alter crab foraging behavior and influence bivalve abundance
The risk of predation can have large effects on ecological communities via changes in prey behaviour, morphology and reproduction. Although prey can use a variety of sensory signals to detect predation risk, relatively little is known regarding the effects of predator acoustic cues on prey foraging behaviour. Here we show that an ecologically important marine crab species can detect sound across a range of frequencies, probably in response to particle acceleration. Further, crabs suppress their resource consumption in the presence of experimental acoustic stimuli from multiple predatory fish species, and the sign and strength of this response is similar to that elicited by water-borne chemical cues. When acoustic and chemical cues were combined, consumption differed from expectations based on independent cue effects, suggesting redundancies among cue types. These results highlight that predator acoustic cues may influence prey behaviour across a range of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, with the potential for cascading effects on resource abundance.
FIGURE 16 in Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
FIGURE 16. (A–G) Cretaxinus hurumi gen. et sp. nov. (A) Lateral view of left valve of articulated internal mould, showing a distinct, triangular shape. (B–C) Anterior views showing shape and size of lunule and anterior pedal retractor scar. (D) Dorsal view showing shape of the posterodorsal margin. (E–F) Cardinal and posterodorsal portion of left valve internal mould shell showing posterior adductor muscle scar with distinct notch on anteroventral margin and posterior pedal retractor scar. (G) Silicone rubber cast of (E–F) showing small and elongated groove, possibly ligament groove. (H–P) Pseudotrapezium aff. groenlandicum (Spath, 1936). (H) Lateral view of the shell showing the outline and carina. (I–J) Anterior and posterior views of articulated specimen with most of the shell preserved. (K) Dorsal view showing flattened posterior area, two carinae and very thin shell. (L–M) Anterior view of articulated specimen with some preserved shell, showing deep and small lunule and rounded anterior adductor muscle scar. (N–O) Oblique posterior view showing weak pallial line and weakly impressed posterior adductor muscle scar. (P) Right valve dentition and large hinge plate. (A–D) PMO 217.540, (E–G) PMO 217.175, (H–K) PMO 226.632, (L–M) PMO 226.633, (N–O) PMO 226.635, (P) JUE no. 15926. Scale bars 10 mm (A–G), 5 mm (H–P).
FIGURE 7 in Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
FIGURE 7. (A–F) Mesosaccella rogovi sp. nov. (A–B) Lateral view of a internal mould showing pallial line. Fragment of the shell shows concentric growth lines. (C) Dorsal view of specimen with partially preserved shell showing weak carina, escutcheon, unidentified muscle scars and ridges formed by growth line deflections. (D–E) Lateral view of right valve internal mould showing weak posterior adductor muscle scar and weak pallial line with very shallow pallial sinus. (F) Internal view of the right valve showing anterior and posterior dental rows and cardinal dentition. (G–P) Mesosaccella toddi sp. nov. (G–K) Left valve lateral views of articulated specimens. (J) Details of external ornament showing characteristic commarginal ridges and rosette-shaped ornament in interridge spaces (arrowed). (K) Holotype showing strong posterior carinae. (L–M) Anterior and posterior views of holotype. Note three carinae and escutcheon visible in the posterior view. (N) Dorsal view of holotype showing three carinae and their relation to wide and shallow escutcheon. (O) Internal view of the dorsal margin of articulated specimen showing cardinal-most teeth and unidentified muscle scars. (P) Lateral view of right valve internal mould showing relatively strong, circular anterior adductor muscle scar and elongated posterior adductor muscle scar, as well as strong pallial line with shallow pallial sinus. (A–E) PMO 217.371, (F) PMO 217.539, (G) PMO 217.609, (H) PMO 217.610, (I–J) PMO 217.616, (K–N) PMO 224.861, (O) PMO 225.031, (P) PMO 224.862. Scale bars 5 mm (A–F, K–P), 2 mm (G–I).
FIGURE 15 in Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
FIGURE 15. Cretaxinus hurumi gen. et sp. nov. (A) Lateral view of left valve of articulated internal mould, showing broadly rounded ventral margin. (B–C) Detail of anterior margin showing weak and descending anterior adductor muscle scar fading posteriorly and its serrated dorsal margin. (D) Anterior view showing shape and size of lunule. (E) Dorsal view showing shape of the posterodorsal margin and escutcheon. (F–G) Cross-section through a ligament showing its thickness. (H) Lateral view of left valve of articulated internal mould with less rounded margin than specimen shown in (A). (I–J) Detail of a anterior margin showing weak anterior adductor muscle scar fading posteriorly. (K–L) Anterior view showing shape and size of the lunule, anterior adductor and pedal retractor muscle scars. (M) Dorsal view showing shape of the posterodorsal margin and escutcheon. (N) Lateral view of right valve internal mould. (O–P) Detail of anterior margin showing very weak anterior adductor muscle scar visible only at its anteriormost portion. (A–G) PMO 225.128, (H–M) PMO 217.172, (N–P) PMO 225.136. Scale bars 10 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
FIGURE 10. (A–B) Pectinida gen. et. sp. indet. (A) Cross section of an articulated specimen. (B) Internal mould of the upper valve. Note possible adductor muscle scar and a line close to the dorsal margin, representing a possible dorsal furrow. (C–G) Oxytoma octavia (d'Orbigny, 1850). (C) Lateral view of a small left valve internal mould with fragments of the shell preserved showing weak radial ornament. (D) Enlarged view of anterodorsal portion area showing weak byssal notch. (E) Lateral view of a large left valve showing well developed radial ornament composed of primary and secondary ribs. (F) Lateral view of a right valve; lack of ornament is caused by shell delamination. Note very weak posterior sulcus and flattening of the valve. Probable shape of auricle is shown with dashed line (evidence from other partial specimens). (G) Plasticine cast of right valve external mould. Note radial ornament composed of primary and secondary ribs. (H–K) Camptonectes (Costicamptonectes) aff. milnelandensis Fürsich, 1982. (H–I) Right valve internal mould with shell partially preserved showing some divaricating ornament preserved close to the posterior shell margin. (J–K) External mould of right valve of a specimen from the Dorsoplanites bed, showing radial ribs close to the anterior shell margin and divaricating ornament preserved close to the posterior shell margin. (L–O) Camptonectes (Camptochlamys) clathratus (Roemer, 1836). (L–M) Lateral view of poorly preserved left valve showing cancellate external ornament in ventral margin. (N–O) Lateral view of a disarticulated and compressed shell from the Dorsoplanites bed showing cancellate ornament. Note distinct anterior auricle in the right valve. (P–R) Pseudolimea arctica (Zakharov, 1966). (P) Lateral view of left valve internal mould with some shell preserved around the ventral margin, with V-shaped ribs on the outer shell surface and corresponding rounded ribs on the internal mould. (Q) Lateral view of right valve, with anterior and posterior auricles and lack of secondary ribs caused by shell delamination. (R) Silicone rubber cast of small area of shell surface showing detail of external ornament, with large primary ribs and smaller secondary riblets in the interrib spaces. (A) PMO 226.609, (B) PMO 226.610, (C–D) PMO 217.562, (E) PMO 217.555, (F) PMO 217.214, (G) PMO 217.570, (H–I) PMO 226.606, (J–K) PMO 226.604, (L–M) PMO 226.605, (N–O) PMO 226.603, (P) PMO 217.194, (Q) PMO 217.353, (R) PMO 217.370. Scale bars 5 mm (A–I), 10 mm (J–R).
FIGURE 5 in Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
FIGURE 5. (A–N) Nucinella svalbardensis sp. nov. (A–D) Lateral views of holotype showing shape of the articulated internal mould, anterior adductor muscle scar and possible anterior pedal retractor scar, rounded posterior margin and fine radial striations on internal mould surface. (E) Dorsal view showing weakly opisthogyrate umbo and deep ligament pit on the posterodorsal margin. (F) Anterior view showing anterior adductor muscle scar projecting weakly beyond pallial line. (G) Lateral view showing commarginal ornament on external shell surface. (H–I) Dorsal view of partially articulated specimen showing length of the cardinal teeth and relation of the possible ligament to the cardinal dentition. (J–K) Lateral view of the cardinal part of the hinge plate showing arrangement and shape of the cardinal teeth. (L) Ventral view of silicone rubber cast of the dorsal margin of articulated internal mould showing sabre-shaped lateral teeth and interlocked cardinal teeth. (M–N) Silicone rubber casts of right valve internal moulds showing two lateral teeth. (O–Q) Dacromya chetaensis Sanin, 1976. (O–P) Lateral and dorsal views showing shape of internal mould, taxodont dentition, anterior and posterior adductor muscle scars. (Q) Posterodorsal shell margin showing weak growth lines. (R–T) Mesosaccella rogovi sp. nov. (R) Lateral view of holotype left valve shell surface showing characteristic growth-line deflections around the posterior margin and carina subparallel to the dorsal margin. (S–T) Lateral view of left valve internal mould showing anterior adductor muscle scar, weak posterior adductor muscle scar and pallial line. (A–F) PMO 217.171, (G) PMO 224.978, (H–I) PMO 225.042, (J–K) PMO 224.981, (L–M) PMO 217.217, (N) PMO 225.020, (O–P) PMO 217.581, (Q) PMO 226.600, (R) PMO 224.971, (S–T) PMO 217.229. Scale bars 5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
FIGURE 3. Solemya (Petrasma) cf. woodwardiana Leckenby, 1859. (A–B) Lateral view of right valve and dorsal view of articulated specimen with shell preserved. (C–D) Lateral view of left vavle internal mould. Note weak anterior adductor muscle scar and very weak radial ornament. (E) Lateral view of right valve internal mould with shell partially preserved. Note strong radial ornament on the shell, weak on the mould, and posterior adductor muscle scar with buttress supporting the anterior side. (F–G) Lateral view of left vavle internal mould with some shell preserved in dorsal and anterior margins. Note posterior adductor muscle scar with buttress supporting its anterior side and dorsally bound by a chondrophore and weak growth lines on the posterior shell margin. (H–I) Silicone rubber cast of an internal mould showing shape of posterior adductor muscle scar and its relation to chondrophore and buttress. Note posterior adductor muscle scar surrounding the dorsal side of chondrophore and passing above the posterior end of the chondrophore. (J–K, M) Dorsal views of articulated internal moulds showing chondrophore and anterior adductor muscle scar. (L, N) Enlarged part of the dorsal margin showing ligament demipads. (A–B) PMO 224.956, (C–D, H–L) PMO 217.249, (E) PMO 217.260, (F–G) PMO 217.176, (M–N) PMO 217.245. Scale bars 5 mm.
FIGURE 13 in Bivalves from the latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates from central Spitsbergen, Svalbard
FIGURE 13. (A–J) Tehamatea rasmusseni sp. nov. (A) Lateral view of holotype showing the vertical valve displacement. (B) Detail for interior of right valve showing cardinal dentition. Note long lunule, small 3a and long 3b. (C) Lateral view of exterior of right valve showing oval outline and ornament of dense commarginal growth lines. (D–E) Silicone rubber casts of right valve cardinal areas showing small 3a and large, thick 3b cardinal teeth. (F) Oblique lateral view of a right valve internal mould showing small anterior and posterior lateral teeth. (G) Lateral view right valve internal mould showing shapes and relative sizes of anterior and posterior adductor muscle scars and wavy pallial line below anterior adductor muscle scar, representing possible mantle lobe scars. (H) Silicone rubber cast of an articulated internal mould showing anterior adductor muscle scar and anterior lateral teeth. (I) Dorsal view of an articulated shell showing long external ligament, flattened posterior shell area and deep, lancet-shape, slightly asymmetric lunule. (J) Lateral view of a right valve internal mould showing bioimmuration trace. (K–N) Cretaxinus hurumi gen. et sp. nov. (K) Lateral view of articulated holotype left valve showing shell outline. Note very weakly sulcated posterodorsal margin extending only slightly above the shell outline. (L) Holotype anterior view showing large and deep lunule. (M–N) Holotype posterior and dorsal views respectively, showing external portion of the ligament, escutcheon and posterodorsal margin sulcation. (A–B) PMO 217.234, (C) PMO 217.169, (D) PMO 217.173, (E) PMO 217.243, (F) PMO 225.111, (G) PMO 225.104, (H) PMO 225.101, (I) PMO 217.227, (J) PMO 217.247, (K–N) PMO 217.277. Scale bars 10 mm.
FIG. 9 in Two new sympatric water-mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Unionicolidae) from the mutelid bivalve Aspatharia sinuata (von Martens) in Nigeria with some data on unionicoline-bivalve relationships
FIG. 9. Unionicola (Mutelicola) planicurvata female, Prep. 1369, allotype. (a) Dorsal surface; (b) ventral surface; (c) genital Želd; (d) left palp; (e) right palp.
FIG. 10 in Two new sympatric water-mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Unionicolidae) from the mutelid bivalve Aspatharia sinuata (von Martens) in Nigeria with some data on unionicoline-bivalve relationships
FIG. 10. Unionicola (Mutelicola) planicurvata. (a) Genital Želd, female, Prep. 1370; (b) left palp, female, Prep. 1370; (c) right palp, female, Prep. 1370; (d) left palp, female, Prep. 1368; (e) right palp, female, Prep. 1368; (f) PV of left palp, inner lateral face, female, Prep. 1368; (g) PV of left palp, outer lateral face, female, Prep. 1368.
FIG. 8 in Two new sympatric water-mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Unionicolidae) from the mutelid bivalve Aspatharia sinuata (von Martens) in Nigeria with some data on unionicoline-bivalve relationships
FIG. 8. Unionicola (Mutelicola) planicurvata male, Prep. 1366, holotype. (a) II-Leg.2–6, left; (b) III-Leg.1– 6, left.
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