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875 results for “Brachiopod”
Fig. 1 in Morphology and relationships of the enigmatic stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides-new data from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation
Fig. 1. Historical interpretations of the systematic position of stenothecoids (updated from Pel'man 1985).
FIGURE 5. Molluscs and brachiopods from the Strelovec Formation. A in Revisiting horseshoe crab fossils from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Strelovec Formation Konservat-Lagerstätte of Slovenia
FIGURE 5. Molluscs and brachiopods from the Strelovec Formation. A: An ammonoid. PMSL T-1805. B: Lingulid brachiopod. PMSL T-865. C: Modiolus sp. PMSL T-836. D: Worthenia sp. PMSL T-1772. A coated in ammonium chloride sublimate. All converted to greyscale. Image credit: A: Tomaž Hitij; B, C, D: Jure Žalohar.
FIGURE 5. Australocoelia palmata and A in A taxonomic review of the brachiopod genus Australocoelia (Boucot & Gill, 1956) in the Devonian of Brazil
FIGURE 5. Australocoelia palmata and A. boucoti on a block, Ponta Grossa Formation. UNIRIO 0571-BQ.
Text-fig. 4. Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Katian (after Popov et al. 2011, modified) showing geographical distribution of the Middle and Late Ordovician craniides and craniopsides. White arrow = Boda Event expansion of craniiates and craniopsides to Perunica; black arrow = Hirnantian low-latitude expansion of the Hirnantia Fauna. in Lingulate And Craniate Brachiopods From The Top Of The Králův Dvůr Formation (Latest Katian) And Their Contribution To Palaeogeography
Text-fig. 4. Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Katian (after Popov et al. 2011, modified) showing geographical distribution of the Middle and Late Ordovician craniides and craniopsides. White arrow = Boda Event expansion of craniiates and craniopsides to Perunica; black arrow = Hirnantian low-latitude expansion of the Hirnantia Fauna.
Fig. 14 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf
Fig. 14. Transverse serial sections of Cyrtospirifer? sp., sample QZQ1, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian. Specimen PUM05037, acetate peel number 05D. Numbers refer to approximate distance in mm from the ventral apex; numbers 1–6 on the lateral profile indicate the successive position of sections.
Supplemental information for: An early burst in brachiopod evolution corresponding with significant climatic shifts during the great Ordovician biodiversification event
<p>We employ modified tip-dating methods to date divergence times within the Strophomenoidea, one of the most abundant and species-rich brachiopod clades to radiate during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), to determine if significant environmental changes at this time correlate with the diversification of the clade. Models using origination, extinction and sampling rates to estimate prior probabilities of divergence times strongly support both high rates of anatomical change per million-years and rapid divergences shortly before the clade first appears in the fossil record. These divergence times indicate much higher rates of cladogenesis than typical of brachiopods during this interval. The correspondence of high speciation rates and high anatomical disparity suggests punctuated (speciational) change drove the high frequencies of early anatomical change, which in turn suggests increased ecological opportunities rather than shifting developmental constraints account for high rates of anatomical change. The pulse of rapid evolution began coincident with cooling temperatures, the start of major oscillations in sea level, and increased levels of atmospheric oxygen. Our results suggest that these factors permitted major geographic and ecological expansion of strophomenoids with intervals of geographic isolation, resulting in elevated speciation rates and corresponding elevated frequencies of punctuated change.</p>
Permian–Triassic phylogenetic and morphologic evolution of rhynchonellide brachiopods
<p>The Rhynchonellida is a major group of brachiopods that survived the "big five" mass extinctions and flourished after the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) crisis. However, phylogenetic and character evolution in the Rhynchonellida across the P-Tr transition is poorly understood. In view of the widespread homoplasy across this order, we employ a tip-dated Bayesian analysis to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships for Late Permian–Triassic rhynchonellides. The same data were also analyzed using three other methods: undated Bayesian, equal-weighting, and implied-weighting parsimony. Compared with trees generated by other methods, those constructed by tip-dating best account for the homoplasy in this group, and are closer to previous assumptions on the evolution of this group. Based on the analyses of multiple trees, the major increase in lineage richness occurred in the Early and early Middle Triassic, and the richness in the Anisian almost reached its highest level in the Triassic. According to fossil records, a pronounced reduction in shell size and in the development of ornamentation occurred after the P-Tr extinction, which is largely due to the loss of large and highly-sculptured genera, and the diversification of small-sized and weakly-ornamented genera. Ancestral state estimation of shell size and development of ornamentation, coupled with comparisons of other characters, indicate that the Early–Middle Triassic mature "small-sized taxa" may have characters displayed by juveniles of their ancestors. This suggests that for these genera, paedomorphosis was possibly a strategy to survive and diversify in the harsh environment after the P-Tr extinction.</p>
FIG. 26 in Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic)
FIG. 26. — Undispirifer? obsoletiplicatus n. sp.; A-C, ventral view of different sizes pedicle valves; A, N 69/12991; B, holotype (N 68/12991); C, N 70/12991; D, E, dorsal view of a brachial valve (NN 71/12991, 72/12991); F, posterior view of a pedicle valve with interarea and open delthyrium (N 73/12991); G, H, external moulds of pedicle valves, showing a well developed muscle field and gonad impressions (NN 74/12991, 75/12991), loc. 215581, Severnaya Zemlya or Pod''emnaya formations. Scale bars: A-E, 6 mm; F-H, 5 mm.
FIG. 6 in Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic)
FIG. 6. — Coolinia gracilis (Andreeva in Nikiforova & Andreeva, 1961); A, ventral view of a pedicle valve (N 13/12991); B, C, dorsal view of a damaged brachial valve (N 14/12991), loc. 29a,?Vodopad Formation. Scale bars: A, B, 6 mm; C, 10 mm.
FIG. 1 in Statistical comparisons of late Caradoc (Ordovician) brachiopod faunas around the Iapetus Ocean, and terranes located around Australia, Kazakhstan and China
FIG. 1. — Reconstructions for Mid-Ordovician (460 Ma) times. Redrawn from: A, Scotese (2002); B, Golonka (2002); C, Cocks & Fortey (2002) amended by Fortey & Cocks (2003); D, Rong et al. (1999).
Figure 1 in Congruence and conflict: case studies of morphotaxonomy versus rDNA gene tree phylogeny among articulate brachiopods (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonelliformea), with description of a new genus
Figure 1. Locality map.
Figure 5 from: Bitner MA (2015) Checklist of recent brachiopod species collected during the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises in the New Caledonian region, SW Pacific. ZooKeys 537: 33-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.537.6567
Figure 5 - A–E Thecidellina maxilla (Hedley, 1899), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3905, 300 m, (IB-2013–549) A–B dorsal view of complete specimen and enlargement of the posterior part to show flat pseudodeltidium (planodeltidium) C–E inner, posterior (D) and oblique (E) views of dorsal valve to show bridge, median lobe of cardinal process and median septum F–J Annuloplatidia richeri Bitner, 2009 F–G dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–616), and enlargement of the umbonal part, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3040, 750–780 m H–I ventral view of complete specimen (IB-2013–592), and enlargement of shell surface to show nodes, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3913, 622 m J dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–590), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3911, 680–802 m K–L Annuloplatidia curiosa Bitner, 2014, ventral and dorsal views of complete specimen (IB-2013–522), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3862, 400–520 m. All SEM.
Figure 2 from: Bitner MA (2015) Checklist of recent brachiopod species collected during the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises in the New Caledonian region, SW Pacific. ZooKeys 537: 33-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.537.6567
Figure 2 - A–B Neoancistrocrania norfolki Laurin, 1992, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–600), SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3925, 388 m C–D Basiliola lucida (Gould, 1862), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–542), cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3900, 366–357 m E–F Basiliolella grayi (Woodward, 1855), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–188), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3062, 300–320 m G–H Basiliola beecheri (Dall, 1895), dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–215), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3083, 470–570 m.
Figure 1 from: Bitner MA (2015) Checklist of recent brachiopod species collected during the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises in the New Caledonian region, SW Pacific. ZooKeys 537: 33-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.537.6567
Figure 1 - Location map of the brachiopod-bearing stations of the Terrasses and Exbodi expeditions. 1 DW 3032 2 DW 3039–3042; 3 CP 3047 4 CP 3051 5 DW 3056 6 DW 3059–3060 7 DW 3062–3063, CP 3065–3068, DW 3069, CP 3070 8 DW 3072, DW 3075–3077 9 DW 3078–3079, DW 3082–3083 10 DW 3086, DW 3089–3090, CP 3091 11 DW 3093–3094, CP 3834 12 DW 3100, DW 3102, CP 3104, DW 3106–3110 13 DW 3120–3124, DW 3129 14 DW 3784–3785, CP 3786, DW 3787, CP 3788–3789, CP 3791–3793 15 DW 3798 16 CP 3842–3844, DW 3845 17 DW 3846, CP 3848–3849 18 CP 3851–3852, DW 3896, CP 3898, DW 3900 19 DW 3862–3863 20 CP 3871, DW 3872 21 DW 3880, CP 38882–3885, DW 3887, DW 3889, DW 3895 22 DW 3902–3903, DW 3913, DW 3916–3918 23 DW 3905–3907, CP 3911 24 DW 3922–3925, CP 3927, DW 3928, DW 3930, DW 3932–3933, DW 3949–3940.
Figure 4 from: Bitner MA (2015) Checklist of recent brachiopod species collected during the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises in the New Caledonian region, SW Pacific. ZooKeys 537: 33-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.537.6567
Figure 4 - A–C Eucalathis murrayi (Davidson, 1878), cruise Exbodi, SEM A–B dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–601), and enlargement (B) of posterior part to show details of the beak, stn DW 3925, 388m C dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–588), stn CP 3911, 680–802 m D Terebratulina pacifica Yabe & Hatai, 1934, dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–214), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3082, 290 m E Campages mariae (Adams, 1860), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–259), cruise Exbodi, stn CP 3834, 27–258 m F–G Frenulina sanguinolenta (Gmelin, 1791) F interior of dorsal valve (IB-2013–525), SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn 3872, 159–756 m G dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–192), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3063, 430–480 m H–I Septicollarina zezinae Bitner, 2009, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3040, 750–780 m (IB-2013–173) H dorsal view of complete specimen I exterior of ventral valve, visible randomly distributed, small pustules J–K Fallax neocaledonensis Laurin, 1997, dorsal and anterior views of complete specimen (IB-2013–210), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3077, 420–540 m.
Figure 3 from: Bitner MA (2015) Checklist of recent brachiopod species collected during the Terrasses and Exbodi cruises in the New Caledonian region, SW Pacific. ZooKeys 537: 33-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.537.6567
Figure 3 - A–B Xenobrochus africanus (Cooper, 1973), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–236), and enlargement of the posterior part to show details of the beak, SEM, cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3109, 150–180 m C–D Xenobrochus indianensis (Cooper, 1973), dorsal view of complete specimen (IB-2013–602), and enlargement of the umbonal part to show details of the beak, SEM, cruise Exbodi, stn DW 3925, 388 m E–J Ebiscothyris bellonensis Bitner & Cohen, 2015, cruise Exbodi, E–G dorsal and anterior views of complete specimens (IB-2013–262), stn CP 3844, 815–970 m H–I interior and tilted (I) views of dorsal valve (IB-2013–262), SEM, stn CP 3844 J interior of dorsal valve (IB-2013–254), SEM, stn CP 3791, 750–863 m K–L Stenosarina globosa Laurin, 1997, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–227), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3102, 410–430 m M–N Kanakythyris pachyrhynchos Laurin, 1997, dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–231), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3107, 380–440 m O–P Stenosarina crosnieri (Cooper, 1983), dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen (IB-2013–175), cruise Terrasses, stn DW 3041, 800–840 m.
Fig. 10 in Strophomenide and orthotetide Silurian brachiopods from the Baltic region, with particular reference to Lithuanian boreholes
Fig. 10. Morinorhynchus rubeli sp. nov. A. VU B20499, ventral exterior (A1), and interior (A2), Nova Beds of Dubysa Formation (Gorstian–Ludfordian), Šiupyliai−69, 879.4 m, × 6. B. VU B20498, holotype, ventral exterior (B1), and interior (B2), Mituva Formation (Ludfordian), Virbalis−5, 881.5 m, × 4. C. VU B20501, dorsal interior, Ventspils Formation (Ludfordian), Kurtuvėnai−162, 1097.2 m, × 2. D. VU B20500, dorsal interior, Vievis Formation (Pridoli), Grauţai−105, 580.9 m, × 5. E. VU B10146, dorsal exterior (E1), and interior (E2), Mituva Formation (Ludfordian), Virbalis−5, 887.45 m, × 5.
Fig. 2 in Strophomenide and orthotetide Silurian brachiopods from the Baltic region, with particular reference to Lithuanian boreholes
Fig. 2. Correlation of the Silurian of west, central and east Lithuania with the international Silurian stages, the East Baltic regional stages and the graptolite and conodont zones.
Fig. 8 in Drilling predation on Permian brachiopods and bivalves from the Glass Mountains, west Texas
Fig. 8. Plots of specimen size versus drill−hole diameter. A. Brachiopods with drill holes in the pedicle valve. B. Brachiopods with drill hole in the brachial valve. C. All bivalve specimens.
Fig. 6 in Drilling predation on Permian brachiopods and bivalves from the Glass Mountains, west Texas
Fig. 6. Genus selectivity in drilling on Permian brachiopods from West Texas for genera represented by at least 50 individuals. Each bar represents a single genus, the white section of the bar represents specimens that are not drilled and the black section at the top of the bar, when present, indicates drilled specimens. Inset shows the results of a Monte Carlo simulation, using the actual drilling intensity and distribution of genera from the data. The results indicate that the selection of brachiopod prey/host is non−random.
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