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FIGURES 7–15. Cartomothrips species. Thoracic sternites 7–10 in The Australia-New Zealand connection re-visited, with two new species of Cartomothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
FIGURES 7–15. Cartomothrips species. Thoracic sternites 7–10: (7) abrsi; (8) tofti; (9) browni; (10) neboissi. (11) browni, head showing postoccipital apophyses. (12) abrsi, male head with weak occipital apophyses. Male sternite VIII with pore plate 13–14: (13) tofti; (14) abrsi. (15) tofti, tergites VII–IX and tube of female [S1 & S2—major setae (S3 arises ventro-laterally); Int—intermediate setae].
FIGURE 4. Dorsal connective, lateral view. A–B in Review of the leafhopper genus Oncopsis Burmeister (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) in China with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 4. Dorsal connective, lateral view. A–B, Oncopsis alni (in part); C, O. anchorous; D, O. aurantiala; E, O. convexus; F, O. cuneiforma; G, O. latusoid; H, O. flavovirens; I, O. fumosa; J, O. furca; K, O. fusca; L, O. kangdingensis; M, O. kuluensis; N, O. melichari; O, O. nigrofaciala; P, O. nigrofaciatus; Q-R, O. obstructa (in part); S, O. odontoidea; T, O. serrulota; U, O. spinosa; V, O. taibaiensis; W, O. testacea; X, O. trimaculata; Y, O. tristis.
Fig. 5 in Across mountains and ocean: species delimitation and historical connectivity in Holarctic and Arctic-Alpine wolf spiders (Lycosidae, Pardosa)
Fig. 5. Introgression in P. saltuaria species group, n = 84, m = 43 datasets. P.hyper.FIN—Finnish P. hyperborea, P.hyper.GR—Greenland P. hyperborea; (a, c, e) de novo assembly; (b, d, f) reference assembly. (a, b) Fbranch D-statistics summary: dotted lines indicate internal node branches, fb—f-branch estimates of admixture; (c, d) fastsimcoal2 scenarios with the highest support: Ne effective population size of corresponding species/population (see fastsimcoal2 section in Supplementary Material for details about codes in brackets); tm—time of population/species merge (split) in generations; tadm—time of admixture in generations; adm—admixture fraction; (e, f) PhyloNetworks: colored lines and numbers indicate direction and proportion of admixture.
Fig. 2 in Across mountains and ocean: species delimitation and historical connectivity in Holarctic and Arctic-Alpine wolf spiders (Lycosidae, Pardosa)
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood trees: (a) COI, 426 specimens; (b) ddRADseq, 91 specimens, 43,873 SNPs, de novo assembly; (c) ddRADseq, 84 specimens, 113,479 SNPs, de novo assembly; (d) ddRADseq, 84 specimens, 109,247 SNPs. CA—Canada, FI—Finland, FR—France, GL—Greenland, NO—Norway, SL—Slovakia, US—United States of America, n—number of specimens, m—minimum taxon coverage in ipyrad assembly.
Fig. 1 in Across mountains and ocean: species delimitation and historical connectivity in Holarctic and Arctic-Alpine wolf spiders (Lycosidae, Pardosa)
Fig. 1. Distribution map of P. hyperborea based on current literature review. Filled squares—approximate locations of P. hyperborea records in Palearctic; empty square—dubious record of P. hyperborea in Siberia; filled circles—approximate locations of P. hyperborea records in Nearctic.The references on which the map is based are in Supplementary Material.
Fig. 3. Haplotype network for 419 in Across mountains and ocean: species delimitation and historical connectivity in Holarctic and Arctic-Alpine wolf spiders (Lycosidae, Pardosa)
Fig. 3. Haplotype network for 419 specimens of P. saltuaria species group based on mitochondrial COI data. Haplotypes are colored based on morphological identification. Each line is 1 mutation step.
Survey, waiver, and data evaluating human-nature connection in urban parks
<p>Human-nature connection (HNC) is a concept derived from investigating the formulation and extent of an individual's identification with the natural world. This relationship is often characterized as an emotional bond to nature that develops from the contextualized, physical interactions of an individual, beginning in childhood. This outcome presents complexity in evaluating the development of HNC but suggests optimism in the pathways for enhancing lifelong HNC.</p> <p>As urban populations increase, there is a growing recognition worldwide of the potential for urban green space to cultivate HNC and thus shape the environmental identity of urban residents.</p> <p>The results of an online survey of 560 visitors to three community parks (managed primarily to provide a variety of physical, social and cultural opportunities) and three conservation parks (managed primarily to protect native plants and wildlife) in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, were used to investigate HNC.</p> <p>Linear mixed effects models evaluated visitors' HNC as a function of their (1) literacy and sentiment about wildlife species, (2) park experience, (3) number and frequency of nine childhood and adult recreation experiences, and (4) demographics.</p> <p>Across the park response groups, the number and frequency of childhood and adult recreation experiences was significantly associated with HNC, and this positive association persisted in multiple recreation activities. Furthermore, species literacy and sentiment, visiting a park for 'Nature', and frequent and extended visitation also was significantly associated with HNC by park type.</p> <p>Our research demonstrates the importance of lifelong recreation experiences in the development and enhancement of HNC and provides evidence for differences in the expression of HNC associated with particular attributes of urban park visitors and their views of wildlife.</p>
Connectivity data Montenegro and Indonesia
<p>Connectivity data Montenegro Indonesia: Individuals using the Internet (% of population), Fixed broadband subscription (per 100 people), Fixed telephone subscription (per 100 people), Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people), ICT service exports, ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports)</p>
Mobile Connectivity Index Europe Asia
<p>The file combines data from various sources that provide insight into indicators that can be used to characterize broadband connectivity in Montenegro, Malaysia, and Thailand. Indicators for changes in the number and annual growth of the rural population, indicators showing Internet penetration and use of social networks, number of fixed broadband subscriptions, number of secured Internet servers, and number of fixed and mobile phone subscribers are covered. In addition, some other data that can be used to characterize the DESI index in the broader context of digitization (for example, infrastructure, affordability, 2G-5G coverage, Internet connection speeds, etc.) are given.</p>
Map of the Burgundian Connectivity within the Network of Western- and Central European Marriages between the Nobility, 1350-1550
<p>Map of the Burgundian Connectivity within the Network of Western- and Central European Marriages between the Nobility, 1350-1550. ArcGIS (Esri). Lines indicate a marital relationship between two individuals based on their place of birth. Red lines indicate marital relationships between the Burgundian dukes and their spouses.</p><p>See: Miara Fraikin and Meike Wiedemann, 'The "Burgundian Model" revisited: Using Digital Approaches to Explore the Reach of Burgundy', in Sanne Maekelberg and Krista De Jonge (eds.), <i>Mapping the Space of the Early Modern Court in Europe. Functionality and Representation, </i>2023, pp.13-34.</p>
Map of the Connectivity of Western- and Central Europe based on the marriages between the Nobility, 1350-1550.
<p>Map of the Connectivity of Western- and Central Europe based on the marriages between the Nobility, 1350-1550. ArcGIS (Esri). Lines indicate a marital relationship between two individuals based on their place of birth.</p><p>See: Miara Fraikin and Meike Wiedemann, 'The "Burgundian Model" revisited: Using Digital Approaches to Explore the Reach of Burgundy', in Sanne Maekelberg and Krista De Jonge (eds.), <i>Mapping the Space of the Early Modern Court in Europe. Functionality and Representation, </i>2023, pp.13-34.</p>
Connecting the Dots Variables of Literary History and Emotions in German-language Poetry - Code and Data
<p><strong>Usage</strong></p><p>Experiments can be replicated by running run.py. Please take a look at run.py, since there are some choices to be made within the code. Since pymc4 and gpu usage is under heavy development at the time, we advise to stick to the excact package versions from requirements.txt.</p><p><strong>Content</strong></p><ul><li>data<ul><li>input.tsv - tab-separated table containing corpus metadata (including emotions) </li></ul></li><li>factors<ul><li>model.py - declaration the HGLM in pymc3</li><li>preprocessing.py - code to transform the data in input.tsv to fit the HGLM</li></ul></li><li>plots</li><li>requirements.txt - required python version and packages</li><li>run.py - wrapper to start the experiments (priors and targeted emotions need to be decalered in the code)</li></ul>
Hydrologic Connectivity Regulates Riverine N2O Sources and Dynamics [Dataset]
<p>This repository contains summarized N2O concentration, isotope, watershed attribute, and stream hydraulics data for the Cannon River Watershed. More details about the data can be found in the enclosed metadata file.</p>
The stability of competitive metacommunities is insensitive to dispersal connectivity in a fluctuating environment
<p>This repository contains four archived folders: 1) all the codes and parameter sets for the simulations, 2) codes to analyse and visualise the simulation outputs, 3) simulation output files and other data files necessary for the analysis, and 4) library management files for julia lang. Please refer to README.txt for the descriptions of the files.</p>
Functional and structural computed connectivity profiles for pre-defined whole-brain and cortical hull maps
<p>This Repository holds Lead-DBS Lead-Mapper v.2.5.2 computed functional and structural estimated connectivity. The structural dMRI connectivity is computed based on the "HCP1000 6K" connecome and the fMRI connectivity "GSP 1000 Yeo 2011" connectome.</p> <p>Both connectivity metrices were computed using two pre-defined grids:</p> <ol> <li> Cortical hull (1025 points). The grid was estimated based on the <a href="https:/github.com/neuromodulation/py_neuromodulation/blob/main/py_neuromodulation/ConnectivityDecoding/_get_grid_hull.m">SPM cortex_20484 grid</a> and subsampled by every 20th point. The grid is saved as a <a href="(https:/github.com/neuromodulation/py_neuromodulation/blob/main/py_neuromodulation/ConnectivityDecoding/mni_coords_cortical_surface.mat)">.mat file</a> and can be acessed through the main repository .</li> <li>Whole-brain (1236 points). Given the Lead-DBS provided <a href="https://github.com/neuromodulation/py_neuromodulation/blob/main/py_neuromodulation/ConnectivityDecoding/Automated%20Anatomical%20Labeling%203%20(Rolls%202020).nii">AAL3 atlas</a> the whole-brain .nii grid is subsampled by a factor of 150. See here the <a href="https://github.com/neuromodulation/py_neuromodulation/blob/main/py_neuromodulation/ConnectivityDecoding/_get_grid_whole_brain.py">grid computation</a>.</li> </ol> <p>Both grids can be accessed trough the <a href="https://github.com/neuromodulation/py_neuromodulation/tree/main">py_neuromodulation</a> API using the <a href="https://github.com/neuromodulation/py_neuromodulation/blob/main/py_neuromodulation/nm_RMAP.py">nm_RMAP.py</a> module.</p>
Social network connections are positively related to temperature in winter flocks of black-capped chickadees
<p>Social species often share with conspecifics the responsibilities of finding food, defending against predators or caring for young. Within a social group, individuals' roles can be influenced by age, sex, and personality. Black-capped chickadees, <em>Poecile atricapillus</em>, are nonmigratory passerine birds that spend their winters living in social flocks. Due to the intense metabolic stress placed on chickadees by low winter temperatures, the role of flocking in resource localization and allocation among flockmates is an important aspect of individual fitness, especially during winter. Understanding changes in flock structure in response to the environment may provide insight into the consequences of social behaviour variability on overwinter survival. Here, we used social network analysis to quantify the effects of ambient temperature on social foraging behaviour in winter flocks of black-capped chickadees over two winters in Massachusetts, USA. Contrary to our expectations, we found that two measures of social connection were higher on warm days than on cold days. We found no evidence that sex or dominance rank influenced birds' behavioural responses to temperature. Furthermore, contrary to previous research, we found male-biased sex ratios in most of our flocks. Our findings that birds had more and stronger social connections on warm days and that an individual's response to temperature was not related to their status in a flock beg further investigation as to the specific costs and benefits of flocking in chickadees and other birds.</p>
Functional Connectivity Development along the Sensorimotor-Association Axis Enhances the Cortical Hierarchy
<p><span>Human cortical maturation has been posited to be organized along the sensorimotor-association axis, a hierarchical axis of brain organization that spans from unimodal sensorimotor cortices to transmodal association cortices. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the development of functional connectivity during childhood through adolescence conforms to the cortical hierarchy defined by the sensorimotor-association axis. We tested this pre-registered hypothesis in four large-scale, independent datasets (total <em>n </em>= 3,355; ages 5-23 years): the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (<em>n </em>= 1,207), Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (<em>n</em> = 397), Human Connectome Project: Development (<em>n</em> = 625), and Healthy Brain Network (<em>n</em> = 1,126). Across datasets, the development of functional connectivity systematically varied along the sensorimotor-association axis. Connectivity in sensorimotor regions increased, whereas connectivity in association cortices declined, refining and reinforcing the cortical hierarchy. These consistent and generalizable results establish that the sensorimotor-association axis of cortical organization encodes the dominant pattern of functional connectivity development. <strong><span> </span></strong><span> </span></span></p>
Data from: Pleistocene island connectivity did not enhance dispersal or impact population size change in Galápagos geckos
<p>Patterns of biodiversity on remote archipelagos are largely shaped by intra-archipelago colonization followed by in situ diversification. Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations purportedly enhanced gene flow among terrestrial organisms by increasing connectivity during periods of lower sea level. Furthermore, changes in sea-level are hypothesized to impact population sizes as a result of fluctuations in island sizes. Here, we used genomic data to test the role of Pleistocene island connectivity on the diversification and demographics of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylus) endemic to the Galápagos. Consistent with previous studies, we found that present diversity of Galápagos Phyllodactylus stems from three independent dispersal events. Contrary to the hypothesis of Pleistocene-driven diversification, we found no correspondence between lineage divergence, island ages, and island connectivity. Furthermore, we found no evidence of introgression, demographic modeling indicated that all species increased rapidly in effective population size between 20–150 kya, and these inferred demographic expansions were largely asynchronous and apparently unassociated with species or island age. Collectively these results indicate that more complex abiotic and/or biotic factors may better explain the recent demographic history of Phyllodactylus and underscore the need for additional population genomic studies of terrestrial taxa to understand the impact of past climate cycles on Galápagos island communities.</p>
Unleashing the power of data through organization: Structure and connections for meaning, learning, and discovery
<p><span>Knowledge organization is needed everywhere. Its importance is marked by its pervasiveness. This paper will show many areas, tasks, and functions where proper use of Knowledge Organization, construed as broadly as the term implies, provides support for learning and understanding, for sensemaking and meaning making, for inference, and for discovery by people and computer programs and thereby will make the world a better place. The paper focuses not on metadata but rather on structuring and representing the actual data or knowledge itself and argues for more communication between the largely separated KO, Ontology, Data Modeling, and Semantic Web communities to address the many problems that need better solutions. In particular, the paper discusses the application of knowledge organization in Knowledge bases for question answering and cognitive systems; Knowledge bases for information extraction from text or multimedia; Linked data; Big data and data analytics; Electronic health records as one example; Influence diagrams (causal maps), dynamic system models, process diagrams, concept maps, and other node-link diagrams; Information systems in organizations; Knowledge organization for understanding and learning; and Knowledge transfer between domains. The paper argues for moving beyond triples to a more powerful representation using entities and multi-way relationships but not attributes.</span></p>
Integrating Metagenomic and Metabolomic Insights into Host-Microbe Connections for Gut-Lung Axis in Childhood Asthma
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.