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FIG. 4. — Log10 in Felidae from Cooper's Cave, South Africa (Mammalia: Carnivora)
FIG. 4. — Log10 total length of P4 plotted against metastyle length of the P4 for six African Dinofelis Zdansky, 1924 species. Data from Werdelin & Lewis (2001), Lacruz et al. (2006) and this study.
FIG. 2 in Felidae from Cooper's Cave, South Africa (Mammalia: Carnivora)
FIG. 2. — Postcranial specimens of Dinofelis cf. aronoki: A, B, right third metatarsal (CD 19953) in medial (A) and lateral (B) views; C-E, CD 3233, left tibia in lateral (C), medial (D) and superior views (E); F, G, CD 7359 right ulna fragment in lateral (F) and medial (G) views. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 1 in Felidae from Cooper's Cave, South Africa (Mammalia: Carnivora)
FIG. 1. — Craniodental specimens of Dinofelis cf. aronoki: A-C, CD 19961 in buccal (A), lingual (B) and occlusal (C) views; D, maxillary fragment CD 7323b, c, d in buccal view; E, CD 7323b, c, d in occlusal view; F, buccal view of P4 fragment CD 7323a, associated with 7323b, c, d; G, CD 16765a+b, right premaxilla fragment with roots of I1-I3; H, upper canine fragment CD 16769a+b; I, J, CD 15696, an isolated P3, in lingual (I) and buccal (J) views; K, L, CD 18836, right mandible with P4 and M1 in buccal (K) and occlusal (L) views; M, N, CD 19265, left M1 in mandible fragment in buccal (M) and occlusal (N) views. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 126 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 126. — Digital rendering based on CT data (left) and schematic drawing (right) of the left ectotypmpanic and partial malleus of Pantolambda bathmodon (AMNH 16663). Cracks and breakages of the specimen have been omitted on the drawings. A, lateral view; B, medial view; C, anterior view; D, posterior view; E, posteromedial view. Abbreviations: afpe, articular facet for the petrosal; afpge, articular facet for the postglenoid eminence; afthl; articular facet for the tympanohyal; art, arc of the ectotympanic; cc, capitular crest; ct, crista tympanica; gct?, possible groove for the passage of the chorda tympani; Glf, Glaserian fissure; hm, head of the malleus; iaf, inferior articular facet of the malleus for the incus; lbact, lateral branch of the anterior crus of the tympanic; map, medial articular process of the anterior crus of the tympanic; mbact, medial branch of the anterior crus of the tympanic; mbt, medial blade of the tympanic; nm, neck of the manubrium; ol, osseous lamina; pct, posterior crus of the tympanic; rpm, rostral process of the malleus; sat, sulcus for auditory tube; sp, styliform process; st, sulcus tympanicus; suaf, superior articular facet of the malleus for the incus; veeam, ventral edge of the external acoustic meatus. Scale bars: 2 mm. The 3D rendering of CT data is available in pdf format at the address http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/37/4/alcidedorbignya-inopinata-additional-files.
FIG. 125 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 125. — Left auditory region of Pantolambda bathmodon (AMNH 16663) in ventral view, with the ectotympanic in situ. Abbreviations: art, arc of the ectotympanic; Glf, Glaserian fissure; lbact; lateral branch of the anterior crus of the tympanic; mbact, medial branch of the anterior crus of the tympanic; mbt, medial blade of the tympanic; pct, posterior crus of the tympanic. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 124 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 124. — Left auditory region of Pantolambda bathmodon (AMNH 16663) in ventral view: A, stereophotographs; B, pencil drawing (cracks and breakages of the specimen have been omitted); Scale bar: A, 2 cm.
FIG. 122 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 122. — One of the 11 most parsimonious trees resulting from the constrained analysis of a data matrix of 70 taxa and 426 characters. Analysis was performed employing the program TNT (Goloboff et al. 2008) (see above in Material and methods). Given the high homoplasy index, it is clear that the very unstable trees resulting from this analysis must be taken with extreme caution, since their topology may be drastically modified with introduction or withdrawal of taxa or characters. The pattern of the molecular scaffold used for the constraint is shown in the lower left corner of the Figure.
FIG. 121 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 121. — One of the 11 most parsimonious trees (consistency index = 0.177; retention index = 0.494; homoplasy index 0.506; 3445 steps) resulting from the constrained analysis of a data matrix of 70 taxa and 426 characters. Analysis was performed employing the program TNT (Goloboff et al. 2008) (see above in Material and methods). Given the high homoplasy index, it is clear that the very unstable trees resulting from this analysis must be taken with extreme caution, since their topology may be drastically modified with introduction or withdrawal of taxa or characters. The pattern of the molecular scaffold used for the constraint is shown in the lower left corner of the figure.
FIG. 118 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 118. — Mounted skeleton of Alcidedorbignya inopinata. Bones have been modeled using Materialise Mimics Innovation Suite 16.0 from the CT Scan images of the skeleton MHNC 8372, then assembled, articulated and posed using Maxon Cinema 4D R16. The position is that of the animal walking on the ground: A, left lateral view; B, left anterodorsolateral view. The 3D rendering of CT data is available in pdf format at the address http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/ geodiversitas/37/4/alcidedorbignya-inopinata-additional-files. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 117 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 117. — Mounted skeleton of Alcidedorbignya inopinata. Bones have been modeled using Materialise Mimics Innovation Suite 16.0 from the CT scan images of the skeleton MHNC 8372, then assembled, articulated and posed using Maxon Cinema 4D R16. The position is that hypothesized during arboreal locomotion, with the branches clasped between the manus and pedes: A, right lateral view; B, left lateral view. The 3D rendering of CT data is available in pdf format at the address http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/37/4/alcidedorbignya-inopinata-additional-files. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 116 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 116. — Distal view of the left femur in selected fossil and extant mammals: A, Alcidedorbignya inopinata (reconstructed on the basis of the undistorted specimens MHNC 8355 and 8456); B, Sciurus igniventris (coll RH uncatalogued); C, Sciurus vulgaris (uncatalogued);D, Ratufa bicolor (MNHN-AC-13435);E, Martes foina (uncatalogued); F, Felis silvestris (uncatalogued);G, Cynomys ludovicinanus (MNHN-AC-1895-4); H, Marmota marmota (MNHN-AC-1996-2438); I, Vulpes lagopus (MNHN-AC-1880.1313). Abbreviations: ft, femoral trochlea; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Not to scale.
FIG. 124 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 124 (continuation). — Left auditory region of Pantolambda bathmodon (AMNH 16663) in ventral view: C, line drawings with captions. Abbreviations: Al, alisphenoid; apt, articular facet for the posterior crus of the ectotympanic; Bo, basioccipital, Bs, basisphenoid; cf, carotid foramen; cp, crista parotica; deeam, dorsal edge of the external acoustic meatus; eacc, external aperture of the cochlear canaliculus; eacf, external aperture of the cochlear fossula; egls, entoglenoid process of the squamosal; Eo, exoccipital; er, epitympanic recess; fi, fossa incudis; ftt, fossa for tensor tympani muscle; fv, fenestra vestibuli; gf, glenoid fossa; glf, Glaserian fissure; hf, hypoglossal foramen; jf, jugular foramen; lact, facet for the lateral articulation of the anterior crus of the ectotympanic; lctp, lateral caudal tympanic process; mact, facet for the medial articulation of the anterior crus of the ectotympanic; mctp, medial caudal tympanic process; mp, mastoid process; npr, notch for the posterior ramus of the stapedial artery; Pe, petrosal; po, promontorium; pge, postglenoid eminence; pgf?, postglenoid foramen; pgp, postglenoid process; pr, promontorium; pyf, pyriform fenestra; san, sulcus for the auricular nerve (auricular branch of the X); sff, secondary facial foramen; smn, stylomastoid notch; Sq, squamosal; stn, sulcus for the tympanic nerve; tt, tegmen tympani; tyal, tympanic process of the alisphenoid; tyh, tympanohyal.
FIG. 115 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 115. — Anterodistal view of the right ulna in selected fossil and extant mammals showing the angle between the proximal edges of the radial and trochlear notches. A, Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372); B, Mayulestes ferox (MHNC 1249 reversed); C, Sciurus igniventris (coll RH uncatalogued); D, Martes foina (uncatalogued); E, Dendrolagus sp (uncatalogued); F, Marmota, marmota, (MNHN-AC-1996-2438) G, Pantolambda bathmodon (AMNH 16663 reversed). Abbreviations: rdn, radial notch; trn, trochlear notch. Colors: red, anterior edge of the radial notch; green, anterior edge of the trochlear notch. Not to scale.
FIG. 113 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 113. — Medial view of left posterior ungual phalanges of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372). A, digit II; B, digit III. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 114 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 114. — Medial view of the left ulna in selected fossil and extant mammals showing the distal orientation of the coronoid process. The red lines materialise the angle between the plane of the humeral articular surface of the process and the proximodistal axis of the bone: A, Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372, reversed), angle = c. 20°; B, Mayulestes ferox (MHNC 1249), angle = 25°; C, Sciurus igniventris (coll RH uncatalogued), angle = 40°; D, Martes foina (uncatalogued), angle = 50°; E, Marmota, marmota, (MNHN-AC-1996-2438), angle = 60°; F, Pantolambda bathmodon (AMNH 16663), angle = 55°. Abbreviations: rdn, radial notch; trn, trochlear notch. Not to scale.
FIG. 112 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 112. — Left metatarsals and digits of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372) in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 123 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 123. — Partial skull of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 13931): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, right lateral view; D, right lateral view of the mandible. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 120 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 120. — Strict consensus cladogram (consistency index = 0.166, retention index = 0.453, homoplasy index = 0.547; 3676 steps) of the unconstrained analysis of a data matrix of 70 taxa and 426 characters. Analysis was performed employing the program TNT (Goloboff et al. 2008) (see above in material and methods). Numbers at nodes are Bremer values. Given the high homoplasy index, it is clear that the very unstable trees resulting from this analysis must be taken with extreme caution, since their topology may be drastically modified with introduction or withdrawal of taxa or characters.
FIG. 111 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 111. — Proximal views of the left metatarsals of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372). Abbreviations: dor, dorsal; fcu, facet for the cuboid; fect, facet for the ectocuneiform; fenc, facet for the entocuneiform; fmes, facet for the mesocuneiform; lat, lateral; med, medial; plt, plantar. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 110 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 110. — Left posterior cuneiforms of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372): A, ectocuneiform in lateral view; B, ectocuneiform in medial view; C, ectocuneiform in proximal view; D, mesocuneiform in lateral view; E, mesocuneiform in medial view; F, mesocuneiform in proximal view; G, entocuneiform in lateral view; H, entocuneiform in medial view; I, entocuneiform in distal view. Abbreviations: cbf, cuboid facet; dist, distal; dor, dorsal; ecf, facet for the ectocuneiform; enf, facet for the entocuneiform; fMtI, facet for the MtI; fMtII, facet for the MtII; fMtIII, facet for the MtIII; lat, lateral; med, medial; mef, facet for the mesocuneiform; naf, navicular facet; plt, plantar; pt, plantar tubercle, prox, proximal. Scale bar: 5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.