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870 results for “Ordovician”
Text-fig. 5. Mytoconula vonkai sp. n. The holotype NM L 31983, internal mould. A – apical, B – right apical and right antero-lateral views, both with visible series of muscle scars in two raised zones, ×......;. Note the two long divergent scar zones in A. Dobrotivá F., Mýto near Holoubkov. in Patelliconus Horný, 1961 And Mytoconula Gen. N. (Mollusca, Tergomya) From The Ordovician Of Perunica
Text-fig. 5. Mytoconula vonkai sp. n. The holotype NM L 31983, internal mould. A – apical, B – right apical and right antero-lateral views, both with visible series of muscle scars in two raised zones, ×......;. Note the two long divergent scar zones in A. Dobrotivá F., Mýto near Holoubkov.
Text-fig. 4. Patelliconus primulus (BARRANDE in PERNER, 1903). Specimen MHBR 2418, revultex impression. A – apical view showing the early shell and earliest stages of teleoconch. Note patches of shell with irregular incremental structures; B – left lateral view; C – oblique left apicolateral view showing finely ribbed early shell and patches of shell in earliest stages of teleoconch, all ×....... Šárka F., Osek near Rokycany. in Patelliconus Horný, 1961 And Mytoconula Gen. N. (Mollusca, Tergomya) From The Ordovician Of Perunica
Text-fig. 4. Patelliconus primulus (BARRANDE in PERNER, 1903). Specimen MHBR 2418, revultex impression. A – apical view showing the early shell and earliest stages of teleoconch. Note patches of shell with irregular incremental structures; B – left lateral view; C – oblique left apicolateral view showing finely ribbed early shell and patches of shell in earliest stages of teleoconch, all ×....... Šárka F., Osek near Rokycany.
Text-fig. 2. Patelliconus primulus (BARRANDE in PERNER, 1903). Specimen NM L 5891. A – apical view, B – right lateral view, × ........ Šárka F., Osek near Rokycany. in Patelliconus Horný, 1961 And Mytoconula Gen. N. (Mollusca, Tergomya) From The Ordovician Of Perunica
Text-fig. 2. Patelliconus primulus (BARRANDE in PERNER, 1903). Specimen NM L 5891. A – apical view, B – right lateral view, × ........ Šárka F., Osek near Rokycany.
Data from: Evolutionary and biogeographical shifts in response to the Late Ordovician mass extinction
The Late Ordovician mass extinction was an interval of high extinction with inferred low ecological selectivity, resulting in little change in community structure after the event. In contrast, the mass extinction may have fundamentally changed evolutionary dynamics in the surviving groups. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among strophomenoid brachiopods, a diverse brachiopod superfamily that was a primary component of Ordovician ecosystems. Four Ordovician families/subfamilies sampled in the analysis (Rafinesquinidae, Strophomeninae, Glyptomenidae and Furcitellinae) were reconstructed as monophyletic groups, and the base of the strophomenoid clade that dominated the Silurian recovery was reconstructed as diversifying alongside these families during the Middle Ordovician. We time‐calibrated the phylogeny and used geographical occurrences to investigate biogeographical changes in the strophomenoids through time with the R package BiogeoBEARS. Our results indicate that extinction was higher in taxa whose ranges were constrained to tropical or subtropical regions. Furthermore, our results suggest important shifts in the diversification patterns of these brachiopods after the mass extinction. While most of the strophomenoid families survived the Late Ordovician event, ecologically abundant taxonomic groups during the Ordovician were either driven to extinction, reduced in diversity, or slowly died off during the Silurian. The new abundant strophomenoid taxa derived from one clade (consisting of Silurian–Devonian groups such as Douvillinidae, Strophodontidae and Amphistrophiidae) that diversified during the post‐extinction radiation. Our results suggest the selective diversification during the Silurian radiation, rather than selective extinction in the Late Ordovician, had a greater impact on the evolutionary history of strophomenoid brachiopods.
Supplemental information for: An early burst in brachiopod evolution corresponding with significant climatic shifts during the great Ordovician biodiversification event
<p>We employ modified tip-dating methods to date divergence times within the Strophomenoidea, one of the most abundant and species-rich brachiopod clades to radiate during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), to determine if significant environmental changes at this time correlate with the diversification of the clade. Models using origination, extinction and sampling rates to estimate prior probabilities of divergence times strongly support both high rates of anatomical change per million-years and rapid divergences shortly before the clade first appears in the fossil record. These divergence times indicate much higher rates of cladogenesis than typical of brachiopods during this interval. The correspondence of high speciation rates and high anatomical disparity suggests punctuated (speciational) change drove the high frequencies of early anatomical change, which in turn suggests increased ecological opportunities rather than shifting developmental constraints account for high rates of anatomical change. The pulse of rapid evolution began coincident with cooling temperatures, the start of major oscillations in sea level, and increased levels of atmospheric oxygen. Our results suggest that these factors permitted major geographic and ecological expansion of strophomenoids with intervals of geographic isolation, resulting in elevated speciation rates and corresponding elevated frequencies of punctuated change.</p>
Figure 20. A–E in Middle to Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) Conodonts from the Dawangou Section, Kalpin Area of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern China
Figure 20. A–E, Protopanderodus cooperi (Sweet & Bergström, 1962), from the Pratt Ferry Formation of Alabama. A–C, M element, OSU 52802, from the topotype locality, A–B, posterior views (IY170-024, IY170-025), C, anterior view (IY171-011). D–E, Sb element, OSU 52803, from the topotype locality, D, outer lateral view (IY171-012), E, inner lateral view (IY170-023). F–L, Protopanderodus varicostatus (Sweet & Bergström, 1962); from the Pratt Ferry Formation of Alabama. F–H, M2 element, OSU 52804, topotype, sample 64B2-12 from the top bed of the formation, F–G, posterior views (IY170-002, Iy170-001), F, anterior view (IY171-015); I–J, M2 element, OSU 52805 from the topotype locality, I, posterior view (IY170-007), J, anterior view (IY171-018). K–L, M1 element, OSU 52806, topotype, sample 64B2-12 from the top bed of the formation, K, posterior view (170-026), L, anterior view (IY171-013). Scale bars 100 µm.
Fig. 16 in Biogeographic and Biostratigraphic Implications of the Serratognathus bilobatus Fauna (Conodonta) from the Emanuel Formation (Early Ordovician) of the Canning Basin, Western Australia
Fig. 16. Tropodus australis (Serpagli, 1974). A,B, M element; (A), CPC39914, WCB705/243, posterior view (IY128-032); (B), CPC39915, WCB705/243, anterior view (IY129-007). (C), Sa element, CPC39916, WCB705/243, posterior view (IY128-034). (D), Sb1 element (tricostate), CPC39917, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY128-033). E,F, Sb2 element (four costate); (E), CPC39918, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY128-038); (F), CPC39919, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY128-036). G–I, Sc element; (G), CPC39920, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY129-003); (H), CPC39921, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY129-022); (I), CPC39922, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY118-032). J,K, Sd element, CPC39923, WCB705/243, (J), basal view (IY118-033), (K), basal view close up showing the lamellar structure in the basal cavity (IY118-034). L–N, Pa element; (L), CPC39924, WCB705/243, outer lateral view (IY128-028); (M), CPC39925, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY128-022); (N), CPC39926, WCB705/243, inner lateral view (IY128-029). O,P, Pb element, CPC39927, WCB705/243; (O), outer lateral view (IY129-031), (P), basal view (IY129-030). Scale bars 100 µm.
FIG. 1 in Statistical comparisons of late Caradoc (Ordovician) brachiopod faunas around the Iapetus Ocean, and terranes located around Australia, Kazakhstan and China
FIG. 1. — Reconstructions for Mid-Ordovician (460 Ma) times. Redrawn from: A, Scotese (2002); B, Golonka (2002); C, Cocks & Fortey (2002) amended by Fortey & Cocks (2003); D, Rong et al. (1999).
PLATE 2 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 2
PLATE 10 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 10
PLATE 1 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 1
PLATE 5 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 5
PLATE 13 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 13
PLATE 11 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 11
PLATE 8 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 8
PLATE 3 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 3
PLATE 16 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 16
PLATE 6 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 6
PLATE 4 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
PLATE 4
Fig. 5. A in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 5. A. Results (probabilities) of the nonparametric PERMANOVA test performed on the first seven components of the PCA plot. Drepanoistodus basiovalis (Sergeeva, 1963) and the three new species, D. iommii sp. nov., D. svendi sp. nov. and D. viirae sp. nov. The three tested null hypotheses are that D. basiovalis is similar to each of the three new species, respectively. Because all the test results are below 0.05, the three null hypotheses are rejected, and there is no statistical evidence from the test that the groups (species) are similar. B. Univariate statistics with regard to the measured angle A and the calculated b/c ratio. Abbreviations: N = number of measured specimens; Min = lowest number; Max = highest number; Mean = average; Stand. dev. = standard deviation. All calculations were performed using the PAST software (Hammer et al. 2001).
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