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FIGURES 32–35 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 32–35. Qingdaoella concinna (MacGillivray, 1885) n. comb. First Bathing Beach. 32–34. MBM 284494. 32. Long autozooidal tubes, with apertures in alternating, quincuncial series. 33. Detail of the slender, long, erect ooeciostome with the circular ooeciopore. 34. Position of the wide gonozooid spread among 6–8 autozooids and perforated by autozooidal tubes. 35. MBM 284495, detail of the proximally oriented ooeciostome situated near the distal edge of the gonozooid. Scale bars: 32–35 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 1–2 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 1–2. Filicrisia cf. allooeciata Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001, specimen MBM 092324, Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao), 5 m depth on stone. 1. General view of the infertile colony. 2. Detail of bifurcation showing the wider part of the colony before bifurcation. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm; 2 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 43–45 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 43–45. Nevianipora pulcherrimoidea (Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001) n. comb. Lingshan Island. 43. MBM 284478, general view showing the arrangement of autozooids. 44, 45. MBM 284335 and MBM 284447, details of two gonozooids with an oval ooeciopore and ooeciostome with extended lips. Scale bars: 43 = 1 mm; 44, 45 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 22–25. Idmidronea erecta n in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 22–25. Idmidronea erecta n. sp. Lingshan Island. 22–24. Holotype MBM 284448. 22. General view showing the position of the gonozooid. 23. Detail of the ooeciopore with a straight peristome arranged between regular autozooidal apertures. 24. Dorsal side of the colony showing kenozooids on the distal margin and minute pseudopores. 25. Paratype MBM 284471, detail of the gonozooid situated frontally between the fascicles. Scale bars: 22, 24 = 1 mm; 23, 25 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 26–31. Qingdaoella miaotiao n in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 26–31. Qingdaoella miaotiao n. sp. Lingshan Island. 26–29. Holotype MBM 284350. 26. Colony showing the lobate growth and the position of gonozooids. 27. Extended gonozooid. 28. Detail of the long, tubular ooeciostome directed distally. 29. Discoidal, large protoecium with smooth margins. 30–31. Paratype MBM 284353, detail of the distally directed long ooeciostome, with the circular ooeciopore. Scale bars: 26–31 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 40–42 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 40–42. Nevianipora rugatata (Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001) n. comb. Lingshan Island. 40. MBM 284446, general view showing the arrangement of autozooids. 41, 42. MBM 284477, details of the gonozooid with a circular ooeciopore. Scale bars: 40 = 1 mm; 41, 42 = 100 µm.

FIGURE 20 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 20. Miscellaneous floatoblasts. (a) Hyalinella lendenfeldi; (b) Plumatella fruticosa not from India; (c) Plumatella casmiana; (d) Plumatella javanica; (e) Rumarcanella vorstmani; (f) Swarupella andamanensis; (g) Swarupella divina; (h) Varunella coronifera; (i) Varunella indorana. Scale bar = 100 µm. Figure (i) modified from Wiebach, 1974.

FIGURE 19 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 19. Plumatella ganapati. (a) Floatoblast valves from paratype specimen at the Natural History Museum (London), microscope slide, No. 1986.8.6.2.1, dorsal valve on the left, ventral on the right, scale bar = 100 µm; (b) Colony fragment, (c) Enlarged view to show prominent raphe. Figures (b) and (c) modified from Rao et al. (1985).

FIGURE 18 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 18. Lophopodidae statoblasts. (a) Lophopodella carteri; (b) Lophopodella thomasi; (c) Asajirella gelatinosa; (d) Peripheral spines on statoblast of A. gelatinosa. Scale bar for a–c = 500 µm; scale bar for d = 50 µm.

FIGURE 13. Fredericella carinata n in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 13. Fredericella carinata n. sp. (a) Pair of statoblast valves, scale bar = 100 µm; (b) Closer view with SEM showing a portion of the carina, scale bar = 30 µm; (c) Similar feature in Fredericella crenulata, scale bar = 15 µm.

FIGURE 12. Fredericella borealis n in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 12. Fredericella borealis n. sp. (a) A fragment of the holotype colony showing free branches and several statoblasts, scale bar = 3 mm; (b) A pair of separated valves showing reticulation extending to the suture, scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 4. Plumatella bombayensis. Statoblasts from ZEV 3804 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 4. Plumatella bombayensis. Statoblasts from ZEV 3804, Zoological Gardens, Kolkata. (a) Floatoblast dorsal valve showing small, unmarked fenestra; (b) Floatoblast ventral valve showing pronounced fenestra reticulation; (c) Sessoblast showing reticulation in which each cell bears a single tubercle; (d) Partial enlargement of previous image. Scale bars for a–c = 100 µm, scale bar for d = 20 µm.

FIGURE 9 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 9. Stolella himalayana, holotype, now Rumarcanella himalayana, Specimen No. P1388. (a) Floatoblast valves, scale bar = 100 µm; (b) SEM image of a floatoblast dorsal valve; (c) close-up of a portion of the floatoblast fenestra showing hypertubercles, the key feature of the genus Rumarcanella, scale bar = 10 µm; (d) Floatoblast suture showing the very lumpy structure; (e) Detail of the floatoblast profile showing the serrated appearance, scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 5. Plumatella longigemmis. Statoblasts from specimen P47 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 5. Plumatella longigemmis. Statoblasts from specimen P47 labeled Plumatella longigemmis (syntype), now recognized as Hyalinella lendenfeldi. (a) Floatoblast valves with dorsal valve on the left; (b) SEM image showing the floatoblast dorsal side in greater detail. Scale bars = 100 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 1. Fredericella statoblast valves with pitted exterior. (a) Fredericella indica statoblast valve showing a smooth surface at the ends, from Annandale's type specimen, ZSI 3479, valve has curled upon drying; (b) Fredericella borealis showing pitted surface at the ends, from Magerøya Island, Norway; (c) Fredericella indica, lateral view showing smooth region near the suture, from NHMUK 1914.10.2.1, Colombo, Sri Lanka; (d) Enlargement of previous photo; (e) Enlarged view of suture area of F. borealis from Illinois, USA, showing reticulation extending to the suture. Scale bars for a–c = 100 µm, scale bars for d–e = 20 µm.

FIGURE 15 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 15. Floatoblasts of Plumatella crispa n. sp. from the holotype, P163 (a) Partial SEM view of dorsal valve; (b) Enlarged portion of floatoblast dorsal valve margin showing distinctive crease; (c) SEM view of ventral valve; (d) Floatoblast valves seen with light microscopy. Scale bars = 50 µm for a, c, and d, 10 µm for b.

FIGURE 17. Plumatella raoi n in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 17. Plumatella raoi n. sp. (a) Two sessoblasts showing unusual cellular annulus and heavily tuberculated frontal valve, scale bar = 100 μm; (b) Closer view of sessoblast annulus, scale bar = 10 μm; (c) SEM images of floatoblast valves with dorsal valve on the left, scale bar = 100 µm; (d) Enlargement of a portion of previous image showing hypertubercles and porelike structures; (e) Floatoblast valves with dorsal valve on the left, scale bar = 100 μm; (f) sessoblast valves with frontal valve on the left, scale bar = 100 μm.

FIGURE 8 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 8. Plumatella testudinicola, now recognized as two species: P. casmiana and P. bombayensis. (a) A portion of turtle plaston from ZEV 5065 showing parallel lines of zooids, scale bar = 1 cm; (b) Sessoblasts from ZEV 5065 from a SEM micrograph by Wiebach 1975, modified by the addition of a 400 µm scale bar; (c) Sessoblast from ZEV 5023 showing interstitial reticulation characteristic of P. bombayensis, scale bar = 100 µm; (d) enlarged portion of Figure 8c showing the strong reticulation, with tubercles present but less apparent than in Figure 4d.

FIGURE 14. Plumatella dhritiae n in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 14. Plumatella dhritiae n. sp. from the holotype ZSI No. P1190. Floatoblast valves, with dorsal valve on the left, scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 3. Statoblasts from specimen P92 in Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata

FIGURE 3. Statoblasts from specimen P92 labeled Plumatella bigemmis (Holotype), now identified as Plumatella fungosa. a) Floatoblast valves with dorsal valve above, ventral valve below; b) Scanning electron micrograph of floatoblast ventral valve with inset showing tubercles on the annulus; c) Scanning electron micrograph of sessoblast with inset showing tubercles on annulus. All scale bars = 100 µm.