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Fig. 6 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 6 Otoliths of Medoborichthys and Vanderhorstia: a–d Medoborichthys podolicus n. gen. et n. sp., b holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2563, Mlyntsi, a, c, d paratypes, a Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2564, c Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2565, d (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1215. e–g Medoborichthys renesulcis n. gen. et n. sp., e holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2566, Mlyntsi, f, g paratypes, f Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1216, g (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2567. h–j Vanderhorstia prochazkai Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, h (reversed), j (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMB P1223, h (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2582. k Vanderhorstia sp., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1224

Fig. 3 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 3 Otoliths of Gadiformes: a, b Micromesistius planatus (Bassoli & Schubert, 1906), Mlyntsi, a NMNHU-P PI 2568 and b NMB P1218. c–f Onogadus simplicissimus (Schubert, 1906), c (reversed), d, f Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1220, e Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2572

Fig. 2 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 2 Photographs of the investigated outcrops: Mlyntsi (a, b), Kozatskyi Yar (c, d), and Shydlivshchyna (e, f) in general view and close-up. The total length of the shovel handle is 72 cm

Fig. 8 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 8 Otoliths of Blenniidae and Labridae: a, b Blennius vernyhorovae n. sp., a holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2547, Mlyntsi, b (reversed) paratype, Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1205. c, d Coris medoboryensis n. sp., c holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2551, Kozatskyi Yar, d (reversed) paratype, Mlyntsi, NMB P1208

Fig. 11 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 11 Schematic block diagram of the northern part of the Central Paratethys during the late Badenian depicting the main localities from which otolith have been studied and the common species found therein (most common ones shown in bold printing). Diagram not to scale and not proportional; based on KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 5 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 5 Otoliths of Odondebuenia, Parenypnias and Bathygobius?: a–d Odondebuenia agiadiae Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, a (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1219, b (reversed), d Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2569, c (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2570. e–h Parenypnias inauditus n. gen. et n. sp., f holotype, Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2550, e, g (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1207, h Žižkov 1 well (1616–1622 m), DGS MU-0395. i Parenypnias kiselevi n. gen. et n. sp., holotype, Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2574. j Enypnias seminudus (GÜnther, 1861), Recent, USNM 407784, 13° 22′ N 87° 52′ W. k Gobiosoma bosc (Lacépède, 1800), Recent (reversed), LACM coll. Fitch, off Rappahannock. l Bathygobius? sp. (reversed), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2548

Fig. 5 in Degradation of a photophilic algal community and its associated fauna from eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 5: Histograms illustrating species richness (A) and specimen abundance (B) for all investigated taxonomic groups from the examined algal community in the whole area (TOT) and in individual sampling stations (CPA, SM). Relationships between lowrank taxonomic groups are shown for some taxa. For serpulids: dark and light nuances refer to Serpulinae and Spirorbinae, respectively; for molluscs, dark, intermediate and light nuances indicate bivalves, gastropods and polyplacophorans, respectively; for bryozoans dark, intermediate and light nuances indicate cyclostomatids, ctenostomatids and cheilostomatids, respecytively; TOT: data for the area as a whole; CPA: Punta Aguzza station; SM: Santa Maria La Scala station. Numbers on each column indicate the total number of species (A) and specimens (B) for the entire group (high) and for lower taxonomic groups (below, separated by comas).

Fig. 4 in Degradation of a photophilic algal community and its associated fauna from eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 4: Double-layered algal mat formed by erect Ellisolandia elongata basal portions capped by a thick turf of filamentous soft algae and thin geniculate coralline algae entrapping silt. Few species (depicted in the round inserts) thrive in this algal mat, some showing particular distribution pattern (arrowed) and morphological adaptations. 1: Patinella radiata; 2: Crisia spp.; 3: Janua (Dexiospira) pagenstecheri: 4: Hyatella arctica; 5: Filicrisia geniculata; 6: Amathia delicatula. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Fig. 3 in Degradation of a photophilic algal community and its associated fauna from eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 3: Floristic richness and relationships between algal taxonomic groups in the examined algal community in the whole study area (TOT) and in individual stations (CPA: Punta Aguzza station; SM: Santa Maria La Scala station). Left columns in each group show present-day situation in comparison with past data (right columns) as reported in Pizzuto (1999). Red: Rhodophyta; brown: Ochrophyta; green: Chlorophyta. Numbers indicate the total number of species for each taxonomic group.

Fig. 2 in Degradation of a photophilic algal community and its associated fauna from eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 2: Underwater images of the sampling stations. A: CPA station; B: SM station, as appeared in June 2015. In A the quadrat frame and the sorbona gear are shown.

Fig. 1 in Degradation of a photophilic algal community and its associated fauna from eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 1: Location of the sampling area within the Mediterranean (A), and the eastern coast of Sicily (B). C. Santa Maria La Scala D. Punta Aguzza. Sampling stations are indicated with red dots.

Fig. 7 in Degradation of a photophilic algal community and its associated fauna from eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 7: Dendrogram restricted to serpulid fauna, showing an almost complete seasonal matching of samples at 60-70% BC similarity. Acronyms as in Figure 6.

Fig. 6 in Degradation of a photophilic algal community and its associated fauna from eastern Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 6: Dendrogram (A) and MDS ordination (B) obtained from a data matrix of live specimens abundance (cf. Tables 1-3) of macrofauna samples (Z5) collected in the examined community. The horizontal line in the dendrogram and the MDS grouping (40% BC similarity) separate CPA (Punta Aguzza) and SM (Santa Matia La Scala) sites. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 refer to subsequent sampling surveys.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

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Resource availability alters breeding strategies in a small mammal community

Following a resource pulse, animals may finance reproduction by consuming concurrently available resources (income breeding) or by storing resources for future reproduction (capital breeding). Understanding how these reproductive strategies are used is important for determining the ecological mechanisms that structure the timing of reproduction and that drive interannual population fluctuations in animals. We gathered a reproductive dataset for five small mammal species over a 12-year period in Northeastern USA during which six masting events of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) occurred. Masting created alternate years where seeds were either available late (masting year) or early (cached from the previous year) in the breeding season. The small mammal species differed in reliance on seeds and overwintering strategies. We quantified the diet using stable isotopes and recorded reproduction timing, proportion breeding, and litter size in females and testes size in males. Timing of seed availability minimally affected litter size but strongly affected proportion breeding and timing of reproduction. During masting years (late seed availability), a higher proportion of females reproduced, with breeding taking place later in the season (lactation timed with peak seed availability), although the delay was restricted in Napaeozapus insignis, an obligate hibernator. After a fall mast, cached seeds were used as capital in the following spring (early seed availability) to support a litter that, depending on the species, occurred 24 to 79 days sooner than a mast year. No late-season reproduction occurred in years with early seed availability except for Myodes gapperi which produced a second litter, likely financed by fungal consumption. Males also showed strong responses to seed availability, mirroring female reproduction with testes size staying constant in years with late seed availability and sharply decreasing over the breeding season in years with early seed availability. Our results highlight that although photoperiod and temperature broadly set the bounds of the breeding season in temperate environments, resource availability influences the reproductive strategies that species use, which in turn alters reproductive timing and can drive large inter-annual population fluctuations. Differences in overwintering strategies and diet may further modulate reproductive timing and output relative to resource pulses.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

SI Figure 3: Compositional difference among eukaryotic microinvertebrate external and internal microbiomes, using Bray Curtis distance matrix visualized with a NMDS ordination. Circles indicate each community and stars centroid location of each microbiome type. Communities do not cluster by animal, microbiome type, mat type, or stream. in External and internal microbiomes of Antarctic nematodes are distinct, but more similar to each other than the surrounding environment

SI Figure 3: Compositional difference among eukaryotic microinvertebrate external and internal microbiomes, using Bray Curtis distance matrix visualized with a NMDS ordination. Circles indicate each community and stars centroid location of each microbiome type. Communities do not cluster by animal, microbiome type, mat type, or stream.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

SI Figure 2: Compositional differences among bacterial microinvertebrate external and internal microbiomes as well as mats they were isolated from using Bray Curtis distance matrix visualized with a NMDS ordination. Circles indicate each community and stars show centroids of microbiome types for each animal host. All host microbiomes (internal and external) are distinct from mat communities (P<0.05), but external microbiomes are more similar to mats than internal microbiomes are to mats. in External and internal microbiomes of Antarctic nematodes are distinct, but more similar to each other than the surrounding environment

SI Figure 2: Compositional differences among bacterial microinvertebrate external and internal microbiomes as well as mats they were isolated from using Bray Curtis distance matrix visualized with a NMDS ordination. Circles indicate each community and stars show centroids of microbiome types for each animal host. All host microbiomes (internal and external) are distinct from mat communities (P<0.05), but external microbiomes are more similar to mats than internal microbiomes are to mats.

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Functional traits and habitat use: investigating community assembly in a montane community (Carabidae: Nebria)

The processes that influence community assembly, such as competition for resources and environmental filtering, are often scale-dependent and vary across ecotones. Trait-based ecology provides a useful framework for testing which ecological processes most strongly influence local community composition, especially across environmental gradients where species diversity varies. Where environmental filtering dominates, species distributions are expected to be defined by strong turnover along environmental gradients, with more similar species occupying more similar habitats. Where interspecific competition dominates, species are expected to diverge in relative abundance and resource utilization at sites, so species can co-occur. Here, we integrate measurements of functional traits, microhabitat usage, isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C), and abundance to test the importance of environmental filtering and resource/habitat partitioning in shaping a montane ground beetle species assemblage (Carabidae: Nebriini: Nebria) in the isolated, volcanic peaks of the northern Cascades Range, U.S.A. Across species of Nebria, body size, pronotal shape, temperature preference, and isotopic enrichment varied across habitats [gravel, rocks 10 cm – 50 cm in diameter), large rocks (>50 cm in diameter), vegetation-covered rocks, and alpine (snowfields and talus)], and habitat/microhabitat features were reliable predictors of species presence. Resource consumption among mid-elevation species on Mt. Rainier – the peak with the greatest species diversity – is highly overlapping. Species turnover and nestedness varied significantly across habitat gradients and peaks throughout this region and varied nearly significantly across sites. Across habitat types and sites, more similar species are more likely to coexist. These results suggest that environmental filtering is the primary process structuring this species assemblage, although we find detailed evidence for microhabitat niche partitioning among species of Nebria at the site-scale.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Data and scripts for "The role of stochasticity in fungal community assembly – explaining apparent stochasticity with field experiments"

The results presented in the manuscript “The role of stochasticity in fungal community assembly – explaining apparent stochasticity by field experiments” can be reproduced by the data and scripts provided in this repository. Concerning the analysis of observational data: ·        The file ObservationalData.RData includes all data: XData is the dataframe including the predictors, and t is the vector of responses (F. rosea occurrences). ·        The script O1_model_observational_data.R defines the models, fits the models, and computes model fits based on cross-validation. The results are saved into a file. ·        The script O2_show_results_observational_data.R loads the results saved by the previous script, and outputs the results reported in the manuscript. Concerning the analysis of experimental data: ·        The file ExperimentalData.RData includes all data: the dataframe meta includes the relevant predictors, otu.table the matrix of samples x OTU read counts, and the dataframe taxonomy the taxonomic placement of those OTUs. ·        The script E1_compute_model_based_ordinations.R precomputes the gllvm-ordinations needed both for the colonization success model as well as the community divergence model. The precomputed ordinations are saved into a file. ·        The script E2_model_colonization_success.R defines the colonization success model, fits the model, and computes model fit based on cross-validation. The results are saved into a file. ·        The script E3_show_colonization_model_results.R loads the results saved by the previous script, and outputs the results reported in the manuscript. ·        The script E4_model_community_divergence defines the community divergence model and fits the model. The results are saved into a file. ·        The script E5_show_community_divergence_model_results.R loads the results saved by the previous scripts, and outputs the results reported in the manuscript, including Table 1 and Figure 2.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Figure 4 in Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic bird community in humid areas of Alto Parana Atlantic Forest

Figure 4. NMDS (stress of 0.001) of the spatial distribution of the aquatic bird community recorded by the transect method in the lotic environments of the RPPN Foz do Aguapeí, during the dry (rounded symbols) and rainy seasons (square symbols). Legend: AR = Aguapeí River and CW = Constructed wetland.