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FIGURE 5 in DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

FIGURE 5. Halictus smaragdulus form vinulus, female holotype and male paratype; a, female head; b, female propodeum; c, male head; d, male antenna; e, male genitalia, ventral view; f, labels of the female holotype.

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FIGURE 3. Neighbour-joining tree showing p in DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

FIGURE 3. Neighbour-joining tree showing p-distances at COI (658bp) among Seladonia specimens. Outgroup: Lasioglossum semilucens. Label at the end of each branch includes field ID or GenBank accession number, species identification [L = Lasioglossum, H = Halictus, S = Seladonia, S s = Seladonia smaragdula sensu lato, V = Vestitohalictus, *A–E = each of the currently recognized forms within Seladonia smaragdula based on the male genitalia according to Pauly & Rassel (1982)] and country of collection. Values at nodes: bootstrap support (%) in the neighbour-joining / parsimony / maximum likelihood analyses / and posterior probabilities in the Bayesian inference ("+": maximum support; "-" support of bootstrapping <80% or posterior probability <0.9). Colors of branches are according to each S. smaragdula form; black triangles at the end of a branch represent several similar haplotypes with identical species identifications.

FIGURE 15 in Bird droppings on chestnut leaves or sawfly larvae: DNA barcodes verify the occurrence of the archaic Megaxyela togashii (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Hokkaido, Japan

FIGURE 15. The maximum likelihood tree showing phylogenetic relationships among four Megaxyela species and four outgroup taxa (-ln likelihood = 2913.5317). Numbers on branches indicate bootstrap values for MP and ML analyses (shown only for higher nodes with>50). Each terminal label represents the GenBank accession number for COI gene sequence. Larval samples are marked with an asterisk.

FIGURES 24–26. Megaxyela togashii. 24 in Bird droppings on chestnut leaves or sawfly larvae: DNA barcodes verify the occurrence of the archaic Megaxyela togashii (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Hokkaido, Japan

FIGURES 24–26. Megaxyela togashii. 24, Late instar larva, Ashoro Town, June 30, 2010 (arrows: borders of segments; T1– T3: thoracic segments 1–3; A1–5: abdominal segments 1–5; 1–4: 1st to 4th annulets of abdominal segments 3 and 4); 25, late instar larva from Kihoku Town (sample no. 766), May 9, 2016, caudal abdominal segments, caudal view (A9, A10: abdominal segments 9, 10); 26, same larva, second and third thoracic segments, dorsal view (arrows: borders of segments; T1–T3: thoracic segments 1–3; 1–4: 1st to 4th annulets of thoracic segments 2 and 3). All photographed by A. Shinohara.

FIGURES 16–23. Megaxyela togashii. 16 in Bird droppings on chestnut leaves or sawfly larvae: DNA barcodes verify the occurrence of the archaic Megaxyela togashii (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Hokkaido, Japan

FIGURES 16–23. Megaxyela togashii. 16, Live mature larva from Tatsuno City (sample no. 762), May 4, 2016 (arrows: borders of segments; T1–T3: thoracic segments 1–3; A1–10: abdominal segments 1–10); 17–23, alcohol-preserved mature larva from Kihoku Town (sample no. 765), fixed May 9, 2016; 17, head, frontal view; 18, left antenna, lateral view; 19, right mandible, lateral view (pt: posterior tooth); 20, right mandible, frontal view (pt: posterior tooth); 21, left mandible frontal view; 22, apical part of abdomen (arrows: borders of segments; A8–10: abdominal segments 8–10; 1–4: 1st to 4th annulets of abdominal segment 8); 23, anterior part of abdomen (arrows: borders of segments; A2–4: abdominal segments 2–4; 1–4: 1st to 4th annulets of abdominal segments 3 and 4; ssl: subspiracular lobe; spl: surpedal lobe). All photographed by A. Shinohara.

FIGURES 8–14. Megaxyela togashii. 8 in Bird droppings on chestnut leaves or sawfly larvae: DNA barcodes verify the occurrence of the archaic Megaxyela togashii (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Hokkaido, Japan

FIGURES 8–14. Megaxyela togashii. 8, Leaflet of Juglans ailanthifolia with larva of M. togashii, Ashoro Town, June 30, 2010; 9, same larva, matured, July 2, 2010; 10, mature larva, Shintoku Town, June, 28, 2011; 11, leaflet of J. ailanthifolia with larva of M. togashii, Tatsuno City, April 30, 2016; 12, late instar larva, Kihoku Town, May 8, 2016; 13, another late instar larva, Kihoku Town, May 8, 2016; 14, dead and dried pupa with cast larval skin from Sapporo City, matured June 24, 2013, found in earthen cell in 2016. Photographed by A. Shinohara (8, 9, 11–14) and H. Hara (10).

FIGURES 1–7 in Bird droppings on chestnut leaves or sawfly larvae: DNA barcodes verify the occurrence of the archaic Megaxyela togashii (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Hokkaido, Japan

FIGURES 1–7. Megaxyela togashii (1–5) and M. sp. (6, 7). 1, Leaflet of Juglans ailanthifolia with egg of M. togashii (arrowed), Tatsuno City, April 30, 2016; 2, same, close-up of egg; 3, newly hatched larva and remains of egg shell, May 1, 2016; 4, close-up of remains of egg shell, May 2, 2016; 5, early instar larva, May 2, 2016; 6, early instar larva and egg shelter with exit hole (arrowed), Mt. Odaesan, June 15, 2010; 7, egg shelter formed at apical part of leaflet, Mt. Odaesan, June 15, 2010. All photographed by A. Shinohara.

FIGURE 4. A in DNA Barcoding reveals sexual dimorphism in Isotrias penedana Trematerra, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Chlidanotinae)

FIGURE 4. A. Habitat of Isotrias penedana, Podre, 42.002° N, 8.169° W, 770 m, 27.vii.2013; B. Distribution map of Isotrias penedana. Photo by Henrique Pereira.

FIGURE 3 in DNA Barcoding reveals sexual dimorphism in Isotrias penedana Trematerra, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Chlidanotinae)

FIGURE 3. Isotrias penedana, male, Spain, Portillas de Poqueion, 43.149° N, 4.776° W, 1340 m, 11.vii.2012, T. Mayr coll. Photo by Peter Huemer.

FIGURE 2 in DNA Barcoding reveals sexual dimorphism in Isotrias penedana Trematerra, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Chlidanotinae)

FIGURE 2. Isotrias penedana, Portugal, Podre, 42.002° N, 8.169° W, 770 m. A. Female, 30.vi.2014, coll. British Museum (Natural History); B. Female genitalia, 16.vi.2012; C. Signum 30.vi.2014, M. Corley genitalia preparation 4237. Photos by Pedro Pires (A) and.Brian Goodey (B and C).

FIGURE 1 in DNA Barcoding reveals sexual dimorphism in Isotrias penedana Trematerra, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Chlidanotinae)

FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of species of Isotrias based on sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) (n = 23; 658 bp); bootstrap values (>80%) indicated at nodes.

FIGURE 6 in Description of a new Oriental stonefly species, Phanoperla constanspina (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Mindanao, Philippines and association of life stages using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 6. Phanoperla constanspina sp. nov. penial tube showing the everted penial sac at the base. Scale = 0.2mm.

FIGURE 11 in Description of a new Oriental stonefly species, Phanoperla constanspina (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Mindanao, Philippines and association of life stages using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 11. Phanoperla constanspina sp. nov. male nymphal habitus illustrating two general body pigmentation types. (A) (Haplotype: N-J25.m) Pale to lighter brown, sometimes with darker wingpad tips. (B) (Haplotype: N-G49.m). Dark to darker brown, sometimes with dark to black wingpads.

FIGURE 8 in Description of a new Oriental stonefly species, Phanoperla constanspina (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Mindanao, Philippines and association of life stages using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 8. Phanoperla constanspina sp. nov. egg. (A) Entire egg. (B) Chorionic details. (C) Collar end (D) Anterior end. Scale = 100µm.

FIGURE 5 in The polyps of Oceania armata identified by DNA barcoding (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Oceania and Turritopsis species based on 579 bp of the COI gene: 50% majority consensus tree obtained with PhyMl (TIM+I model). Node–support values are bootstrap values (shown only if> 70%). The tree was rooted using the outgroup taxon. For more details see text and Table 1.

FIGURE 4 in The polyps of Oceania armata identified by DNA barcoding (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Oceania and Turritopsis species based on 591 bp of the 16S gene: 50% majority consensus tree obtained with PhyMl (GTR+G model). Node–support values are bootstrap values (shown only if> 70%). The tree was rooted using the outgroup taxon. For more details see text and Table 1.

FIGURE 3 in The polyps of Oceania armata identified by DNA barcoding (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

FIGURE 3. Oceaniidae hydroid from the Andaman Sea initially identified as Turritopsis chevalense, after molecular comparisons attributed to Oceania armata, MHNG-INVE-78812. A. Drawing of hydranth and medusa bud. B. Nematocysts: microbasic eurytele and desmoneme.

FIGURE 2 in The polyps of Oceania armata identified by DNA barcoding (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

FIGURE 2. Oceaniidae hydroid from the Andaman Sea initially identified as Turritopsis chevalense, after molecular comparisons attributed to Oceania armata, MHNG-INVE-78812. A. Preserved colony. B. Terminal branch after removal of soft tissue. Note that the side branch originating near the asterisk (*) remains adnate until it curves away (arrow).

FIGURE 1 in The polyps of Oceania armata identified by DNA barcoding (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

FIGURE 1. Oceania armata Kölliker, 1853. A. Living medusa (bell height and width about 9 mm) from the Bay of Villefranche–sur–Mer. The specimen was used to obtain the DNA sample DNA1148. B. Microphoto of mouth margin of sample MHNG-INVE-87094, note stalked nematocyst clusters.

FIGURE 6 in Complete larval development of Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888) (Decapoda: Thoridae) described from laboratory-reared material and identified by DNA barcoding

FIGURE 6. Thor amboinensis. Decapodid: A, total animal, lateral view; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandibles; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G, first maxilliped; H, second maxilliped; I, third maxilliped; I', detail of proximal segment of third maxilliped endopod; I'', detail of distal segment of third maxilliped endopod; J, first pereiopod; K, second pereiopod; L, third pereiopod; M, fourth pereiopod; N, fifth pereiopod; O, first pleopod; P, second pleopod; Q, third pleopod; R, fourth pleopod; S, fifth pleopod; T, telson and uropods; T', detail of telson. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (B–D, I–T); 0.1 mm (A, E–H, I', I'', T').