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Fig. 25 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 25. Mimaganiates rheocharis, new species, paratype, jaws and dentition of adult male, lateral view, right side, anterior at right. USNM 279879, SL 45.4 mm, same locality data as i.n Fig. 21. For explanation see text Description under M rheocharis.
Fig. 9 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 9. Mimagoniates sylvicola, new species. paratype, anterior 11 anal-fin rays of an adult male, lateral view, left side, anterior at left, Sl 32.5 mm, USNM 300634, Brazil, Bahia, riacho Ronca Aqua. For explanation see Description of M sylvicola.
Fig. 28 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 28. Mimagoniates rheocharis, new species, paratypes caudal peduncle depth as a function of SL by sex. Plot axes are logarithmic. Logarithmic regression equation for 27 males of M. rheocharis: (Y = -3.490 + 1.447 X) and for 23 females of M. rheocharis: (Y = -2.606 + 1.167 X). For explanation see Sexual dimorphism under M rheocharis.
Fig. 7 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 7. Mimaganiates sylvicola, new species, holotype, MZUSP 36612, male, SL 30.2 mm; Brazil, Bahia, Municipio de Prado, unnamed forest rivulet near Fazenda Embaçuaba, 8-9 km northwest of Cumuruxatiba.
Fig. 6 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 6. Glandulocauda melanogenys, osteology of central and basal region of caudal Skeleton of adult male, lateral view, left side, anterior at left. SL 40.2 mm, USNM 236093, Brazil, São Paulo, headwater stream of rio Tietê near Campo Grande (= Alto da Serra, type locality). about 3.5 km west of Paranapiacaba. Decurved principal caudal-fin rays 11 and 12 are labeled and inset at left illustrates relationship of modified dorsal caudal-fin squamation to rays ll and 12. Note that modified caudal-fin squarnation of females of in all species of Glandulocauda and Mimagoniates is very similar to that illustrated here but may reach only about half the relative dimensions depicted here.
Fig. 8 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 8. Mimagoniates sylvicola, new species, paratype, USNM 276547, female, SL 25.7 mm, Brazil, Bahia, Municipio de Prado, rio do Sul.
Fig. 11 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 11. Mimagoniates sylvicola, new species, paratype, osteology ofcentral basal region ofcaudal-fin skeleton, principal rays 6-15, of an adult but still developing male, lateral views, left side, anterior at left. SL 29.3 mm, USNM 276557, same locality data as holotype, Fig. 7. Principal ray 12 indicated by arrow. (A) Illustrates area of developing rays associated with caudal pump. Note that pump chamber not yet fully developed. (B) Illustrates modified dorsal caudal-fin lobe squamation in natural position.
Fig. 27. Mimagoniates rheacharis, M. microlepis and M in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 27. Mimagoniates rheacharis, M. microlepis and M. inequalis caudal peduncle depth as a function of SL by species and sex. Plot axes are logarithmic. Logarithmic regression equation for 31 males of M. rheocharis: (Y = -4.222 + 1.588 X), for 26 females of the same species: (Y = —3.311 + 1.374 X); for 40 males ofM microlepis: (Y = —4.151 + 1.592 X) and for 30 females of the later species: (Y = -3.239 + 1.374 X); and for 26 males of M. inequalis: (Y = —3.021 + 1.3375 X), 14 females ofthis species; (Y = -2.625 + 1.2ll 6 X). For explanation see Diagnosis, Sexual dimorphism, Discussion and Description under M. rheocharis.
Fig. 23 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 23. Mimagoniates rheocharis, new species, paratype, unstained central basal region of caudal fin and adjacent caudal peduncle of adult male, lateral view, left side, anterior at left. USNM 279879, SL 49.0 mm; same locality data as specimen in Fig. 21. Arrow at lefi indicates anterior intake region of pump chamber. Middle arrow indicates region of lateral slit with ray half of principal ray 11 just dorsal to arrow tip. Arrow at right points to opening of posterior exhaust vent of pump chamber. Note that in this species pump chamber not formed into an obvious cylindrical tube as that of M. microlepis, Fig. 3. Glandular tissue surrounding chamber openings in this photograph obscure details of pump.
Fig. 5 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 5. Mimagoniates microlepis, osteology of central and basal region of caudal skeleton of adult male, lateral view, left side, anterior at left. SL 45.3 mm, USNM 236089, Brazil, Parana, rio Nhundiaquara at Morretes. Relationship of modified dorsal lobe caudal-fin squamation to caudal gland shown in inset at left. Distal regions of ventral and posterior scales and their epidermis form a flap partly covering intake openings of pump chamber.
Fig. 4 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 4. Mimagoniates microlepis, unstained central basal region of caudal fin adjacent to caudal peduncle of a preserved adult male, lateral view, left side. anterior at left. SL 51.7 mm, USNM 279876, Brazil, Santa Catarina, rio Itapocú. Illustrates external features of a caudal gland with a complex pump chamber. Arrow at left indicates anterior intake opening. middle arrow indicates lateral slit of chamber and arrow at right designates posterior exit opening of chamber. These openings surrounded by glandular tissue, especially exit opening. Modified dorsal caudal-fin scales appear as rather poorly focused " ghost " images in upper half of picture, above main body of pump chamber.
Fig. 3 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 3. Mimagoniates barberi, osteology of central basal region of caudal-fin skeleton, principal fin-rays 6- 15, of adult male, lateral views, left side, anterior at left. SL 35.6 mm, UMMZ 205420, same locality as Fig. 2. Principal ray 12 indicated by arrow. (A) Illustrates glandular groove between rays ll and 12. (B) Illustrates relationship of modified dorsal caudal-fin lobe squamation to glandular groove. Note that modified scales together with their epidermis form a movable flap just lateral to surface of rays and glandular groove. Free border of this flap occurs along ventral margin of ventral row of scales and at posterior edge of posterior scale of ventral scale row.
Fig. 2 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 2. Mimagoniates barberi. unstained central basal region of caudal fin adjacent to caudal peduncle of a preserved adult male, lateral view. left side, anterior at left. SL 32.7 mm. UMMZ 205420, Paraguay, rio Aguarymi, tributary to rio Paraguay, San Pedro. Illustrates external features of a caudal gland without complex pump chamber. Darkly pigmented glandular groove between principal rays ll and 12 indicated by arrow. Modified dorsal caudal-fin lobe scales, although present, are transparent and not visible.
Fig. 1 in TWO NEW SPECIES OF MIMAGONIA TES (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE: GLANDULOCAUDINAE), THEIR PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A KEY TO THE GLANDULOCAUDIN FISHES OF BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY
Fig. 1. Diagram of tentative phylogenetic relationships of the species of the Glandulocaudini based on an analysis of synapomorphies found in the caudal skeleton of males. Filled in squares = apomorphies and empty squares - plesiomorphies at the levels indicated.
F I G U R E A 2 in Reproductive biology of the electric lanternfish Electrona risso (Myctophidae) and the bigscale fishes Melamphaes polylepis and Scopelogadus mizolepis (Melamphaidae)
F I G U R E A 2 Scopelogadus mizolepis ovarian development. Reproductive phases based on Table 1. Macroscopic development of female gonads (left panels) and histological cross-sections of ovaries (right panels). CA, cortical alveoli oocyte; GVM, germinal vesicle migration oocyte; nu, nucleus; PG, primary growth oocyte; Vtg1–3, primary to tertiary vitellogenic oocyte; yg, yolk granules; yv, yolk vesicle. Photography by A. Knorrn.
F I G U R E 2 in Reproductive biology of the electric lanternfish Electrona risso (Myctophidae) and the bigscale fishes Melamphaes polylepis and Scopelogadus mizolepis (Melamphaidae)
F I G U R E 2 Length–frequency distributions of (a) Electrona risso, (b) Melamphaes polylepis, and (c) Scopelogadus mizolepis by sex (upper panels, females; lower panels, males).
→ Fig. 9. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior median dorsal (A–G) and posterior median dorsal (H–M) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/5 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/108 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/97 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/113 in dorsal (D1) and visceral (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/140 in dorsal (E1) and visceral (E2) views. F. Impression of the dorsal surface of IG KSC 155/42. G. IG KSC 155/44 in dorsal view. H. Fragment of IG KSC 155/7 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/1 in dorsal (I1) and visceral (I2) views. J. IG KSC 155/71 in dorsal view. K. Slightly deformed IG KSC 155/70 in dorsal (K1) and visceral (K2) views. L. IG KSC 155/158 in dorsal view. M. IG KSC 155/157 in dorsal (M1) and visceral (M2) views. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior dorso-lateral plate; alr, postlevator thickening; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; cf.ADL, cf.AMD, and cf.MxL, area overlapping ADL, AMD or MxL respectively; cr.tp, posterior transversal internal crest; dlg1 and dlg2, anterior and posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dma, tergal angle; dmr, dorsal median ridge; f.retr, levator fossa; grm, ventral median groove; l, lateral corner; mvr, median ventral ridge; MxL, mixilateral plate; npn, postnuchal notch; oa.ADL, oa.MxL and oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, MxL or PMD respectively; pa, posterior corner; pma, posterior marginal area; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pr.p, posterior process of AMD; pr.pl, external postlevator process; prv2, posterior ventral process of dorsal wall of trunk armour; pt1 and pt2, anterior and posterior ventral pit; pua, posterior unornamented area of PMD; rf, "round fossula"; sna, supranuchal area; tb, ventral tuberosity. in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary
→ Fig. 9. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior median dorsal (A–G) and posterior median dorsal (H–M) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/5 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/108 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/97 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/113 in dorsal (D1) and visceral (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/140 in dorsal (E1) and visceral (E2) views. F. Impression of the dorsal surface of IG KSC 155/42. G. IG KSC 155/44 in dorsal view. H. Fragment of IG KSC 155/7 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/1 in dorsal (I1) and visceral (I2) views. J. IG KSC 155/71 in dorsal view. K. Slightly deformed IG KSC 155/70 in dorsal (K1) and visceral (K2) views. L. IG KSC 155/158 in dorsal view. M. IG KSC 155/157 in dorsal (M1) and visceral (M2) views. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior dorso-lateral plate; alr, postlevator thickening; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; cf.ADL, cf.AMD, and cf.MxL, area overlapping ADL, AMD or MxL respectively; cr.tp, posterior transversal internal crest; dlg1 and dlg2, anterior and posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dma, tergal angle; dmr, dorsal median ridge; f.retr, levator fossa; grm, ventral median groove; l, lateral corner; mvr, median ventral ridge; MxL, mixilateral plate; npn, postnuchal notch; oa.ADL, oa.MxL and oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, MxL or PMD respectively; pa, posterior corner; pma, posterior marginal area; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pr.p, posterior process of AMD; pr.pl, external postlevator process; prv2, posterior ventral process of dorsal wall of trunk armour; pt1 and pt2, anterior and posterior ventral pit; pua, posterior unornamented area of PMD; rf, "round fossula"; sna, supranuchal area; tb, ventral tuberosity.
FIGURE 4 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins
FIGURE 4 | Metaphase plates of Arapaima gigas from Mamirauá (MAM) population (Amazon River basin) hybridized with repetitive DNA sequences, including mono-, di- and trinucleotide microsatellites and the multigene families U2 snDNA. Bar=5 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Integrative systematics unveils the controversial identity of Engraulidae fishing stocks in a Neotropical estuary, northeast Brazil
FIGURE 6 | Bayesian topology and species delimitation using Generalized Mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC), Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) discriminating species denominated pilombetas.
FIGURE 3 in Integrative systematics unveils the controversial identity of Engraulidae fishing stocks in a Neotropical estuary, northeast Brazil
FIGURE 3 | Fresh specimens of the species identified in the study area. A. Anchoviella brevirostris (75.5 mm SL), B. Anchoviella cayennensis (90.3 mm SL), C. Anchoviella lepidentostole (83.2 mm SL), D. Anchovia clupeoides (120 mm SL), E. Cetengraulis edentulus (104.4 mm SL), F. Lycengraulis grossidens (98.7 mm SL). Photographs were taken by the first author.
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