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1,742 results for “activity data”
Data for the publication "Measurement report: The ice-nucleating activity of lichen sampled in a northern European boreal forest"
<p>This repository contains the data and plotting scripts for the paper:</p> <p>Authors: Ulrike Proske, Michael P. Adams, Grace C. E. Porter, Mark Holden, Jaana Bäck, and Benjamin J. Murray</p> <p>Titel: Measurement report: The ice-nucleating activity of lichen sampled in a northern European boreal forest</p> <p>Date: 2024</p>
Research Data for "Electronic structure and stability of the active surface phase of NixCo3-xO4 spinel alkaline O2 evolution electrocatalysts: from an epitaxial model catalyst perspective"
<p>These datasets support main text and supplementary figures and tables of the paper "Electronic structure and stability of the active surface phase of NixCo3-xO4 spinel alkaline O2 evolution electrocatalysts: from an epitaxial model catalyst perspective" appearing in <em>ACS Applied Energy Materials </em>under DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01688">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01688 </a></p>
Data described in the article "Design and evaluation of composite films for in situ synthesis and antibacterial activity of allicin vapour"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Raw data related to KIF1C activates and extends dynein movement through the FHF cargo adaptor
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Research Data for "Kinetic Analysis of the Self-Discharge of the NiOOH OER Active Phase in KOH Electrolyte: Insights from In-Situ Raman and UV-Vis Reflectance Spectroscopies"
<p>This dataset provides the underlying experimental and simulation raw data supporting the figures of both main text and supporting information of the paper "Kinetic Analysis of the Self-Discharge of the NiOOH OER Active Phase in KOH Electrolyte: Insights from In-Situ Raman and UV-Vis Reflectance Spectroscopies" appearing in <em>Journal of Catalysis</em> under DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115823" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115823</a>.</p>
Neutron activation analysis data of pottery from Songoy-Cojal, Peru
<p>Neutron activation analysis data of pottery from Songoy-Cojal, Lambayeque Department, Peru</p>
Data for Article "Climate change activity in small and medium-sized Polish towns"
<p>Research Data for Article "Climate change activity in small and medium-sized Polish towns"<br>ZIP file contains:<br>- spreadsheet with anonymised survey data<br>- 10 text files with anonymised interviews with research subjects.<br>The interviews have been edited for clarity (technical parts with no connection to the research have been omitted). The interviews and surveys have been uploaded in the original language.</p>
Data from: Loci controlling nitrate reductase activity in maize: ultraviolet-B signaling in aerial tissues increases nitrate reductase activity in leaf and root when responsive alleles are present
Environmental factors, such as ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation, have the ability to affect pathways such as nitrogen metabolism. As fixed nitrogen is the keystone mineral nutrient that controls grain crop yield, any alteration in this cycle can be detrimental to plant productivity. Nitrate reductase enzyme activity is responsible for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and nitrate is the major form of nitrogen assimilated in plants. In maize (Zea mays L.) production, nitrate assimilation kinetics are important for both high- and low-input agricultural systems. Nitrate reductase protein activity is controlled by phosphatases and kinases. Nitrate reductase activity is responsive to environmental signals such as light–dark cycles and UV-B radiation, although the regulatory controls are not yet fully understood. We have determined the location of maize genetic factors that control nitrate reductase activity and the extent of contribution of each of these factors, both locally in the leaf tissue and via long-distance signaling loci that affect root nitrate reductase activity upon leaf UV irradiation. In the IBM94 recombinant inbred mapping population, the loci controlling regulation of nitrate reductase activity under UV-B map to different positions than the loci controlling nitrate reductase activity in unexposed plants.
Data from: Cannibalism and activity rate in larval damselflies increase along a latitudinal gradient as a consequence of time constraints
Background: Predation is ubiquitous in nature. One form of predation is cannibalism, which is affected by many factors such as size structure and resource density. However, cannibalism may also be influenced by abiotic factors such as seasonal time constraints. Since time constraints are greater at high latitudes, cannibalism could be stronger at such latitudes, but we know next to nothing about latitudinal variation in cannibalism. In this study, we examined cannibalism and activity in larvae of the damselfly Lestes sponsa along a latitudinal gradient across Europe. We did this by raising larvae from the egg stage at different temperatures and photoperiods corresponding to different latitudes. Results: We found that the more seasonally time-constrained populations in northern latitudes and individuals subjected to greater seasonal time constraints exhibited a higher level of cannibalism. We also found that activity was higher at north latitude conditions, and thus correlated with cannibalism, suggesting that this behaviour mediates higher levels of cannibalism in time-constrained animals. Conclusions: Our results go counter to the classical latitude-predation pattern which predicts higher predation at lower latitudes, since we found that predation was stronger at higher latitudes. The differences in cannibalism might have implications for population dynamics along the latitudinal gradients, but further experiments are needed to explore this.
Data from: Shrub encroachment does not reduce the activity of some soil enzymes in Mediterranean semiarid grasslands
Shrub encroachment is a worldwide phenomenon with implications for desertification and global change. We evaluated its effects on the activities of urease, phosphatase and b-glucosidase in Mediterranean semiarid grasslands dominated by Stipa tenacissima by sampling 12 sites with and without resprouting shrubs along a climatic gradient. The presence of shrubs affected the evaluated enzymes at different spatial scales. Soils under S. tenacissima tussocks and in bare ground areas devoid of vascular plants had higher values of phosphatase and urease when the shrubs were present. For the b-glucosidase, this effect was site-specific. At the scale of whole plots (30 m 30 m), shrubs increased soil enzyme activities between 2% (b-glucosidase) and 22% (urease), albeit these differences were significant only in the later case. Our results indicate that shrub encroachment does not reduce the activity of extracellular soil enzymes in S. tenacissima grasslands.
Data from: Convergence in organ size but not energy metabolism enzyme activities among wild Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs
The repeated evolution of similar phenotypes by similar mechanisms can be indicative of local adaptation, constraints or biases in the evolutionary process. Little is known about the incidence of physiological convergence in natural populations, so here we test whether energy metabolism in 'dwarf' and 'normal' Lake Whitefish evolves by similar mechanisms. Prior genomic and transcriptomic studies have found that divergence in energy metabolism is key to local adaptation in whitefish species pairs, but that distinct genetic and transcriptomic changes often underlie phenotypic evolution among lakes. Here, we predicted that traits at higher levels of biological organization, including the activities of energy metabolism enzymes (the product of enzyme concentration and turnover rate) and the relative proportions of metabolically active tissues (heart, liver, skeletal muscle), would show greater convergence than genetic and transcriptomic variation. We compared four whitefish species pairs and found convergence in organ size whereby all dwarf whitefish populations have a higher proportion of red skeletal muscle, three have relatively larger livers and two have relatively larger ventricles than normal fish. On the other hand, hepatic and muscle enzyme activities showed little convergence and were largely dependent on lake of origin. Only the most genetically divergent species pair (Cliff Lake) displayed white muscle enzyme activities matching results from laboratory-reared normal and dwarf whitefish. Overall, these data show convergence in the evolution of organ size, but not in the activities of candidate enzymes of energy metabolism, which may have evolved mainly as a consequence of demographic or ecological differences among lakes.
Data from: Constitutive innate immunity of tropical House Wrens varies with season and reproductive activity
In lowland Neotropical regions, where air temperature and day length remain relatively constant year-round, seasonality is determined primarily by changes in rainfall. The wet season triggers the start of breeding for many Neotropical birds, but also alters the antigenic environment, likely increasing the risk of disease transmission. We explored two hypotheses about temporal variation in constitutive innate immunity of a Neotropical bird, the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon). One hypothesis proposes that Neotropical wrens up-regulate their immune function in the wet season either in anticipation of or in response to vectors that become more prevalent. A second hypotheses proposes that during periods of putative high resource demand, such as when parents are feeding young, immune function would be compromised and downregulated. Controlling for reproductive stage, we found that microbicidal capacity of blood against Escherichia coli was higher in the wet than the dry season, consistent with the antigen response hypothesis. Phagocytosis of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus did not differ between wet and dry seasons. Microbicidal capacity and H/L-ration of tropical House Wrens did not vary among reproductive stages, and our data offered no support for the idea that immune function is compromised during the period when parents are feeding young.
Data from: Transition from conventional to light-emitting diode street lighting changes activity of urban bats
Light pollution is rapidly increasing and can have deleterious effects on biodiversity, yet light types differ in their effect on wildlife. Among the light types used for street lamps, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are expected to become globally predominant within the next few years. In a large-scale field experiment, we recorded bat activity at 46 street lights for 12 nights each and investigated how the widespread replacement of conventional illuminants by LEDs affects urban bats: we compared bat activity at municipal mercury vapour (MV) street lamps that were replaced by LEDs with control sites that were not changed. Pipistrellus pipistrellus was the most frequently recorded species; it was 45% less active at LEDs than at MV street lamps, but the activity did not depend on illuminance level. Light type did not affect the activity of Pipistrellus nathusii, Pipistrellus pygmaeus or bats in the Nyctalus/Eptesicus/Vespertilio (NEV) group, yet the activity of P. nathusii increased with illuminance level. Bats of the genus Myotis increased activity 4·5-fold at LEDs compared with MV lights, but illuminance level had no effect. Decreased activity of P. pipistrellus, which are considered light tolerant, probably paralleled insect densities around lights. Further, our results suggest that LEDs may be less repelling for light-averse Myotis spp. than MV lights. Accordingly, the transition from conventional lighting techniques to LEDs may greatly alter the anthropogenic impact of artificial light on urban bats and might eventually affect the resilience of urban bat populations. Synthesis and applications. At light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the competitive advantage – the exclusive ability to forage on insect aggregations at lights – is reduced for light-tolerant bats. Thus, the global spread of LED street lamps might lead to a more natural level of competition between light-tolerant and light-averse bats. This effect could be reinforced if the potential advantages of LEDs over conventional illuminants are applied in practice: choice of spectra with relatively little energy in the short wavelength range; reduced spillover by precisely directing light; dimming during low human activity times; and control by motion sensors. Yet, the potential benefits of LEDs could be negated if low costs foster an overall increase in artificial lighting.
Data from: Within-species tradeoffs in plant-stimulated soil enzyme activity and growth, flowering and seed size
1. Soil microbial communities affect species demographic rates of plants. In turn, plants influence the composition and function of the soil microbiome, potentially resulting in beneficial feedbacks that alter their fitness and establishment. For example, differences in the ability to stimulate soil enzyme activity among plant lineages may affect plant growth and reproduction. 2. We used a common garden study to test differences in plant-stimulated soil enzyme activity between lineages of the same species across developmental stages. 3. Lineages employed different strategies whereby growth, days to flowering and seed size traded-off with plant-stimulated soil enzyme activity. Specifically, the smaller seeded lineage stimulated more enzyme activity at the early stage of development and flowered earlier while the larger seeded lineage sustained lower but consistent enzyme activity through development. 4. We suggest that these lineages, which are both successful invaders, employ distinct strategies (a colonizer and a competitor) and differ in their influence on soil microbial activity. Synthesis. The ability to influence the soil microbial community by plants may be an important trait that trades-off with other growth, flowering and seed size for promoting plant establishment, reproduction and invasion.
Data from: Heritability, environmental effects, and genetic and phenotypic correlations of oxidative stress resistance-related enzyme activities during early life stages in Atlantic salmon
Oxidative stress (OS) may pose important physiological constraints on individuals, affecting trade-offs between growth and reproduction or ageing and survival. Despite such evolutionary and ecological importance, the results from studies on the magnitude of individual variation in OS resistance and the underlying causes of this variation such as genetic, environmental, and maternal origins, remain inconclusive. Using a high throughput methodology, we investigated the activity levels in three OS resistance-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione S-transferase, GST) during the early life stages of 1000 individuals from 50 paternal half-sib families in two populations of Atlantic salmon. Using animal mixed models, we detected the presence of narrow-sense heritability for SOD and GST; that for GST differed between populations due to differences in environmental variance. We found support for the presence of common environmental variation, including maternal effects, for only GR. Using a bivariate animal model, we detected a positive environmental correlation between activity levels of SOD and GST but were unable to detect an additive genetic correlation. Our results complement previous heritability findings for levels of reactive oxygen species or OS resistance by demonstrating the presence of heritability for OS-related enzyme activities. Our findings provide a foundation for future work, such as investigations on the evolutionary importance of variation in enzyme activities. In addition, our findings emphasise the importance of accounting for developmental stage, environmental variance, and kin relationships when investigating the OS-response at the enzyme activity level.
Data from: Timing of rapid diversification and convergent origins of active pollination within Agavoideae (Asparagaceae)
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Yucca species are ideal candidates for the study of coevolution due to the obligate mutualism they form with yucca moth pollinators (genera Tegeticula and Parategeticula). Yuccas are not the only species to exhibit a mutualism with yucca moths; the genus Hesperoyucca is pollinated by the California yucca moth (Tegeticula maculata). Relationships among yuccas, Hesperoyucca, and other members of subfamily Agavoideae are necessary to understand the evolution of this unique pollination syndrome. Here, we investigate evolutionary relationships of yuccas and closely related genera looking at the timing and origin of yucca moth pollination. METHODS: In this study, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 20 species in the subfamily Agavoideae (Asparagaceae) and three confamilial outgroup taxa to resolve intergeneric phylogenetic relationships of Agavoideae. We estimated divergence times using protein-coding genes from 67 chloroplast genomes sampled across monocots to determine the timing of the yucca moth pollination origin. KEY RESULTS: We confidently resolved intergeneric relationships in Agavoideae, demonstrating the origin of the yucca–yucca moth mutualism on two distinct lineages that diverged 27 million years ago. Comparisons of Yucca and Hesperoyucca divergence time to those of yucca moths (Tegeticula and Parategeticula, Prodoxidae) indicate overlapping ages for the origin of pollinating behavior in the moths and pollination by yucca moths in the two plant lineages. CONCLUSION: Whereas pollinating yucca moths have been shown to have a single origin within the Prodoxidae, there were independent acquisitions of active pollination on lineages leading to Yucca and Hesperoyucca within the Agavoideae.
Data from: Recurrent circuit dynamics underlie persistent activity in the macaque frontoparietal network
<p>During delayed oculomotor response tasks, neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the frontal eye fields (FEF) exhibit persistent activity that reflects the active maintenance of behaviorally relevant information. Despite many computational models of the mechanisms of persistent activity, there is a lack of circuit-level data from the primate to inform the theories. To fill this gap, we simultaneously recorded ensembles of neurons in both LIP and FEF while macaques performed a memory-guided saccade task. A population encoding model revealed strong and symmetric long-timescale recurrent excitation between LIP and FEF. Unexpectedly, LIP exhibited stronger local functional connectivity than FEF, and many neurons in LIP had longer network and intrinsic timescales. The differences in connectivity could be explained by the strength of recurrent dynamics in attractor networks. These findings reveal reciprocal multi-area circuit dynamics in the frontoparietal network during persistent activity and lay the groundwork for quantitative comparisons to theoretical models.</p>
Data from: Active sound production of scarab beetle larvae opens up new possibilities for species-specific pest monitoring in soils
Root-feeding Scarabaeidae larvae can pose a serious threat to agricultural and forest ecosystems, but many details of larval ecology are still unknown. We developed an acoustic data analysis method based on active sound production by larvae (i.e. stridulations) for gaining new insights into larval ecology. In a laboratory study, third instar larvae of the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) (n = 38) and the Forest Cockchafer (M. hippocastani) (n = 15) kept in soil-filled containers were acoustically monitored for 5 min each, resulting in the first known stridulation recordings for each species. Subsequent continuous monitoring of three M. hippocastani larvae over several hours showed that a single larva could stridulate more than 70 times per hour, and stridulation rates increased drastically with increasing larval abundance. The new fractal dimension-based data analysis method automatically detected audio sections with stridulations and provided a semi-quantitative estimate of stridulation activity. It is the first data analysis method specifically targeting Scarabaeidae larvae stridulations in soils, enabling for the first time non-invasive species-specific pest monitoring.
fMRI free-viewing data, resting-state and structural in macaques associated with publication 'Social prediction modulates activity of macaque superior temporal cortex'
<p>Using a free-viewing and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that activity in a region of the macaque middle superior temporal (midSTS) cortex was specifically modulated by the predictability of social interactions. This region could be distinguished from other temporal regions involved in face processing. Using resting-state fMRI in anesthetized macaques, we showed that the connectivity between the face-responsive areas and the social prediction area was more integrated in macaques than in humans. We reproduce the social prediction results in a replication study and provide a control to rule out oculomotor implication through the FEF in the social prediction activity of the midSTS, using Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation. Using standard geometric shape movement stimuli, we also show that macaques do not attribute mental state to shapes.</p>
Data from: Winter territory prospecting is associated with life-history stage but not activity in a passerine
Finding a high quality territory is essential for many animals to reproduce successfully. Despite its importance for fitness, we know little about the process of territory prospecting in wild birds, and whether individual traits and behaviours, such as personality, co-vary with territory prospecting. Here, we use long-term data from a wild, insular house sparrow Passer domesticus population to test three hypotheses about territory fidelity and prospecting: (1) House sparrows show high territory fidelity between years and also during winter. (2) Individuals will prospect for a breeding territory during their first winter whereas older, more experienced individuals will keep a territory from previous years and will, therefore, show no or reduced winter territory prospecting. (3) More active behavioural types will prospect more than less active behavioural types. We use data from four winters from automatically, daily recorded nest-box visits of 188 birds of known age. The number of nest-boxes that each individual visited within each winter was used as a proxy of winter territory prospecting. We show that house sparrows visit multiple nest-boxes during their first winter, whereas older individuals keep territories year-round and, potentially because of this, indeed show reduced winter territory prospecting. Activity was not associated with the number of nest-boxes visited. Further research is needed to investigate whether time of territory and mate acquisition differs among individuals and the possible effect on lifetime fitness.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.