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1,213 results for “biodiversity hotspot”
Figure 11 from: Liu C, Fischer G, Garcia FH, Yamane S, Liu Q, Peng YQ, Economo EP, Guénard B, Pierce NE (2020) Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot. ZooKeys 978: 1-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.978.55767
Figure 11 Ooceraea biroi worker (MCZ-ENT00759984) A mesosoma in profile view B mesosoma in dorsal view C head in front view D global distribution map.
Figure 107 from: Liu C, Fischer G, Garcia FH, Yamane S, Liu Q, Peng YQ, Economo EP, Guénard B, Pierce NE (2020) Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot. ZooKeys 978: 1-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.978.55767
Figure 107 Temnothorax sp. clm01 worker (MCZ-ENT00759977) A mesosoma in profile view B mesosoma in dorsal view C head in front view.
Figure 113 from: Liu C, Fischer G, Garcia FH, Yamane S, Liu Q, Peng YQ, Economo EP, Guénard B, Pierce NE (2020) Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot. ZooKeys 978: 1-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.978.55767
Figure 113 Tetramorium sp. clm04 worker (MCZ-ENT00759856) A mesosoma in profile view B mesosoma in dorsal view C head in front view.
Figure 7 from: Valdez-Cibrián A, Díaz-Santana-Iturrios M, Landa-Jaime V, Michel-Morfín JE (2020) First detection of an ocellate octopus in the Revillagigedos ecoregion, a biodiversity hotspot located in the Tropical East Pacific Province. ZooKeys 986: 81-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.53250
Figure 7 COI Molecular phylogeny. Molecular phylogeny of COI-gene sequences (474 bp: 193 variable and 281 conserved) of ocellate and non- ocellate octopus species. Ocellated octopuses are bold-faced. Purple rectangle indicates the clade containing the specimens evaluated in this study.
Figure 4 from: Valdez-Cibrián A, Díaz-Santana-Iturrios M, Landa-Jaime V, Michel-Morfín JE (2020) First detection of an ocellate octopus in the Revillagigedos ecoregion, a biodiversity hotspot located in the Tropical East Pacific Province. ZooKeys 986: 81-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.53250
Figure 4 Coloration patterns. Coloration patterns observed in live individuals of Octopus oculifer from the Revillagigedo Archipelago A pale body with few reddish/brown spots randomly placed throughout the mantle and arms, entire body with a rugose aspect B brown and smooth body with large well-defined white ovals throughout mantle and arms C rugose and reddish body with large cream ovals of different size D red and smoother (still rugose) body with lesser number of cream ovals of different size E dark red body without ovals and a smooth skin.
Figure 6 from: Valdez-Cibrián A, Díaz-Santana-Iturrios M, Landa-Jaime V, Michel-Morfín JE (2020) First detection of an ocellate octopus in the Revillagigedos ecoregion, a biodiversity hotspot located in the Tropical East Pacific Province. ZooKeys 986: 81-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.53250
Figure 6 COIII Molecular phylogeny. Molecular phylogeny of COIII-gene sequences (273 bp: 136 variable and 137 conserved) of ocellate and non- ocellate octopus species. Ocellated octopuses are bold-faced. Purple rectangle indicates the clade containing the specimens evaluated in this study.
Figure 5 from: Valdez-Cibrián A, Díaz-Santana-Iturrios M, Landa-Jaime V, Michel-Morfín JE (2020) First detection of an ocellate octopus in the Revillagigedos ecoregion, a biodiversity hotspot located in the Tropical East Pacific Province. ZooKeys 986: 81-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.53250
Figure 5 Length-weight relationship of Octopus oculifer from the Revillagigedo Archipelago A number of individuals per size class B length-weight plot.
Figure 3 from: Valdez-Cibrián A, Díaz-Santana-Iturrios M, Landa-Jaime V, Michel-Morfín JE (2020) First detection of an ocellate octopus in the Revillagigedos ecoregion, a biodiversity hotspot located in the Tropical East Pacific Province. ZooKeys 986: 81-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.53250
Figure 3 Morphological features. Morphological features of Octopus oculifer from the Revillagigedo Archipelago A dorsal view; H: hectocotylus, LI-IVA: left arms I-IV B ventral view; LI-IVA: left arms I-IV C ligula Lg and calamus Cl D H: hectocotylus, radulae E funnel organ shape F demibranch G upper and lower beaks.
Evolutionary stability, landscape heterogeneity, and human land-usage shape population genetic connectivity in the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot
<p>As human-induced change eliminates natural habitats, it impacts genetic diversity and population connectivity for local biodiversity. The South African Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is the most diverse extratropical area for plant biodiversity, and much of its habitat is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage site. There has long been great interest in explaining the underlying factors driving this unique diversity, especially as much of the CFR is endangered by urbanization and other anthropogenic activity. Here, we use a population and landscape genetic analysis of SNP data from the CFR endemic plant <i>Leucadendron salignum</i> or "common sunshine conebush" as a model to address the evolutionary and environmental factors shaping the vast CFR diversity. We found that high population structure, along with relatively deeper and older genealogies, are characteristic of the southwestern CFR, whereas, low population structure and more recent lineage coalescence depicts the eastern CFR. Population network analyses show genetic connectivity is facilitated in areas of lower elevation and higher seasonal precipitation. These population genetic signatures corroborate CFR species-level patterns consistent with high Pleistocene biome stability and landscape heterogeneity in the southwest, but with coincident instability in the east. Finally, we also find evidence of human land-usage as a significant gene flow barrier, especially in severely-threatened lowlands where genetic connectivity has been historically the highest. These results help identify areas where conservation plans can prioritize protecting high genetic diversity threatened by contemporary human activities within this unique cultural UNESCO site.</p>
Identifying conservation priorities in a defaunated tropical biodiversity hotspot
<p><b>Aim: </b>Unsustainable hunting is leading to widespread defaunation across the tropics. To mitigate against this threat with limited conservation resources, stakeholders must make decisions on where to focus anti-poaching activities. Identifying priority areas in a robust way allows decision-makers to target areas of conservation importance, therefore maximizing the impact of conservation interventions.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Annamite mountains, Vietnam and Laos.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We conducted systematic landscape-scale surveys across five study sites (four protected areas, one unprotected area) using camera-trapping and leech-derived environmental DNA. We analyzed detections within a Bayesian multi-species occupancy framework to evaluate species responses to environmental and anthropogenic influences. Species responses were then used to predict occurrence to unsampled regions. We used predicted species richness maps and occurrence of endemic species to identify areas of conservation importance for targeted conservation interventions.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Analyses showed that habitat-based covariates were uninformative. Our final model therefore incorporated three anthropogenic covariates as well as elevation, which reflects both ecological and anthropogenic factors. Conservation-priority species tended to found in areas that are more remote now or have been less accessible in the past, and at higher elevations. Predicted species richness was low and broadly similar across the sites, but slightly higher in the more remote site. Occupancy of the three endemic species showed a similar trend.</p> <p><b>Main conclusion: </b>Identifying spatial patterns of biodiversity in heavily-defaunated landscapes may require novel methodological and analytical approaches. Our results indicate to build robust prediction maps it is beneficial to sample over large spatial scales, use multiple detection methods to increase detections for rare species, include anthropogenic covariates that capture different aspects of hunting pressure, and analyze data within a Bayesian multi-species framework. Our models further suggest that more remote areas should be prioritized for anti-poaching efforts to prevent the loss of rare and endemic species.</p>
Data from: Speciation history of a species complex of Primulina eburnea (Gesneriaceae) from limestone karsts of south China, a biodiversity hotspot
Limestone karsts in southern China are characterized by high edaphic and topographic heterogeneity and host high levels of species richness and endemism. However, the evolutionary mechanisms for generating such biodiversity remain poorly understood. Here, we performed species delimitation, population genetic analyses, simulations of gene flow, and analyses of floral morphological traits to infer the geographic history of speciation in a species complex of Primulina eburnea from limestone karsts of south China. Using Bayesian species delimitation, we determined that there are seven distinct species that correspond well to the putative morphological species. Species-tree reconstruction, Structure and Neighbour-Net analyses all recovered four lineages in agreement with currently species geographic boundaries. High levels of genetic differentiation were observed both within and among species. Isolation–migration coalescent analysis provides evidence for significant but low gene flow among species. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis supports a scenario of historical gene flow rather than recent contemporary gene flow for most species divergences. Finally, we found no evidence of divergent selection contributing to population differentiation of a suite of flower traits. These results support the prevalence of allopatric speciation and highlight the role of geographic isolation in the diversification process. At small geographic scales, limited hybridization occurred in the past between proximate populations but did not eliminate species boundaries. We conclude that limited gene flow might have been the predominant evolutionary force in promoting population differentiation and speciation.
Data from: Comparative transcriptome resources of eleven Primulina species, a group of "stone plants" from a biodiversity hotspot
The genus Primulina is an emerging model system in studying the drivers and mechanisms of species diversification, for its high species richness and endemism, together with high degree of habitat specialization. In this study, we sequenced transcriptomes for eleven Primulina species across the phylogeny of the genus using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. A total of 336 million clean reads were processed into 355 573 unigenes with a mean length of 1336 bp and an N50 value of 2191 bp after pooling and reassembling twelve individual pre-assembled unigene sets. Of these unigenes, 249 973 (70%) were successfully annotated and 256 601 (72%) were identified as coding sequences (CDSs). We identified a total of 38 279 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 367 123 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Marker validation assay revealed that 354 (27.3%) of the 1296 SSR and 795 (39.6%) of the 2008 SNP loci showed successful genotyping performance and exhibited expected polymorphism profiles. We screened 834 putative single-copy nuclear genes and proved their high effectiveness in phylogeny construction and estimation of ancestral population parameters. We identified a total of 85 candidate orthologs under positive selection for 46 of the 66 species pairs. This study provided an efficient application of RNA-seq in development of genomic resources for a group of 'stone plants' from south China Karst regions, a biodiversity hot spot of the World. The assembled unigenes with annotations and the massive gene-associated molecular markers would help guide further molecular systematic, population genetic and ecological genomics studies in Primulina and its relatives.
Data from: Palaeo-precipitation is a major determinant of palm species richness patterns across Madagascar: a tropical biodiversity hotspot
The distribution of rainforest in many regions across the Earth was strongly affected by Pleistocene ice ages. However, the extent to which these dynamics are still important for modern-day biodiversity patterns within tropical biodiversity hotspots has not been assessed. We employ a comprehensive dataset of Madagascan palms (Arecaceae) and climate reconstructions from the last glacial maximum (LGM; 21 000 years ago) to assess the relative role of modern environment and LGM climate in explaining geographical species richness patterns in this major tropical biodiversity hotspot. We found that palaeoclimate exerted a strong influence on palm species richness patterns, with richness peaking in areas with higher LGM precipitation relative to present-day even after controlling for modern environment, in particular in northeastern Madagascar, consistent with the persistence of tropical rainforest during the LGM primarily in this region. Our results provide evidence that diversity patterns in the World's most biodiverse regions may be shaped by long-term climate history as well as contemporary environment.
FIGURE 2 in Checklist of the earthworms (Oligochaeta) of Kerala, a constituent of Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India
FIGURE 2. Valid earthworm species recorded from each district of Kerala state, India.
FIGURE 1 in Checklist of the earthworms (Oligochaeta) of Kerala, a constituent of Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India
FIGURE 1. Kerala state, India: location and districts.
FIGURE 2 in An unexpected hotspot of moth biodiversity in Chilean northern Patagonia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
FIGURE 2. Collecting site at 100 m distance from the station (photo Thomas Greifenstein).
FIGURE 1 in An unexpected hotspot of moth biodiversity in Chilean northern Patagonia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
FIGURE 1. Huinay station, view from the Comau fjord.
FIGURE 6 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 6. Photographs of the holotype of Ctenotus ora sp. nov. (WAM R131983).
FIGURE 171 in The Caucasus as a major hotspot of biodiversity: Evidence from the millipede family Anthroleucosomatidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)
FIGURE 171. Distribution of the Caucasian Anthroleucosomatidae.
FIGURE 168 in The Caucasus as a major hotspot of biodiversity: Evidence from the millipede family Anthroleucosomatidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)
FIGURE 168. Distribution of the Caucasian Anthroleucosomatidae: the Caucaseuma complex.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.