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Fig. 1 in Ecological characterization of habitats colonized by the freshwater gastropod Viviparus contectus (MILLET, 1813) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) - Theoretical and experimental data

Fig. 1: Stereoscopic photographs showing the front and back of the shell of V. contectus with its typical shape and mouth geometry. The height of the shells measures about 4.5 cm.

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Fig. 2 a-h in Ecological characterization of habitats colonized by the freshwater gastropod Viviparus contectus (MILLET, 1813) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) - Theoretical and experimental data

Fig. 2 a-h: Box-plots for the statistical evaluation of single environmental variables under incorporation of all malacological data available in the scientific literature and those data with occurrence of V. contectus, respectively. The black boxes range from the first to the third quartile, whereas the ends of the lines mark the minimum and the maximum of the data. The white line indicates the position of the median.

FIG. 4 in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea

FIG. 4. — Molecular phylogenetic tree based on a comparison of 28S rRNA sequences from 22 species. The topology is a consensus bootstrap neighbour-joining tree obtained after 500 bootstrap replicates with Haplosclerida as outgroup. Bootstrap proportions are shown above internal branches. Distances were calculated using Kimura method. Abbreviations: Ageoro, Agelas oroides; Ancten, Anchinoe tenacior; Asbhyp, Asbestopluma hypogea; Axidam, Axinella damicornis; Choren, Chondrosia reniformis; Cinsch, Cinachyrella schulzei; Cormas, Corallistes masoni; Dispol, Discodermia polydiscus; Eryeua, Erylus euastrum; Halpan, Halichondria panicea; Pacpat, Pachastrissa pathologica; Pacjoh, Pachymatisma johnstoni; Penhel, Penares helleri; Petfic, Petrosia ficiformis; Poecom, Poecillastra compressa; Renful, Reniera fulva; Renmuc, Reniera mucosa; Spogen, Spongosorites genitrix; Strmuc, Stryphnus mucronatus; Thycon, Thymosiopsis conglomerans; Thycut, Thymosiopsis cuticulatus; Thygue, Thymosia guernei.

FIG. 1. — Thymosiopsis conglomerans n in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea

FIG. 1. — Thymosiopsis conglomerans n. sp.; A, holotype in situ, 17 m depth; B, view of the surface of the holotype, with reticulation of low ridges and epizoic bryozoan (Scrupocellaria sp.); C, section through the paratype (surface of the sponge on the left); D, thin polished section in the paratype, with the ectosome on the left, canals, and numerous debris of foreign origin. Scale bars: B, 1 mm; C, 14.3 mm; D, 1.4 mm.

FIG. 2. — Thymosiopsis conglomerans n in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea

FIG. 2. — Thymosiopsis conglomerans n. sp.; A, semi-thin section through the ectosome; B, semi-thin section through the choanosome; C, TEM view of a choanocyte chamber; D, enlargement of a part of semi-thin section B; E, choanocyte; F, spherulous cell. Abbreviations: a, foreign body (calcareous alga); ap, aphodus; b, bacteria; c, canal; cc, choanocyte chamber; g, granular cell; n, nucleus; s, spherulous cell; v, vacuolar cell; vc, vacuolar cells near the pinacocyte layer of the canal. Scale bars: A, D, 16 µm; B, 58 µm; C, 3.2 µm; E, F, 1 µm.

F. 5. — 1 in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea

F. 5. — 1, Thymosiosterol; 2, ∆24 thymosiosterol; 3, main sterol of T. conglomerans; 4, pulchrasterol.

FIG. 6 in Morphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of a new species of sponge without skeleton (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Mediterranean Sea

FIG. 6. — Thymosia guernei Topsent, specimen from Portugal. Semi-thin section through the choanosome. Abbreviations: ca, canal; cc, choanocyte chamber; f, spongin fibre; sc, spherulous cell. Scale bar: 34 µm.

Fig. 4 in Cytogenetic characterization of Rhomboplites aurorubens and Ocyurus chrysurus, two monotypic genera of Lutjaninae from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, with a review of the cytogenetics of Lutjanidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

Fig. 4. Metaphases of Rhomboplites aurorubens (a-b) and Ocyurus chrysurus (c-d) after FISH with 18S rDNA (left) and with 5S rDNA (right). Arrows indicate the NOR bearing chromosomes. Arrowheads indicate the 5S rDNA bearing chromosomes.

Fig. 5 in Cytogenetic characterization of Rhomboplites aurorubens and Ocyurus chrysurus, two monotypic genera of Lutjaninae from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, with a review of the cytogenetics of Lutjanidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

Fig. 5. Idiograms reporting the major and minor ribosomal gene locations summarizing the three main karyomorphs (ac) identified in the species of Lutjanidae investigated so far. See text for details. Solid circles represent locations of 18S rDNA. Grey bars represent locations of 5S rDNA.

Fig. 3 in Cytogenetic characterization of Rhomboplites aurorubens and Ocyurus chrysurus, two monotypic genera of Lutjaninae from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, with a review of the cytogenetics of Lutjanidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

Fig. 3. Metaphases of Rhomboplites aurorubens (a-b) and Ocyurus chrysurus (c-d) sequentially stained with Giemsa (left) and AgNO3 (right). Arrows indicate the NOR-bearing chromosomes.

Fig. 1 in Cytogenetic characterization of Rhomboplites aurorubens and Ocyurus chrysurus, two monotypic genera of Lutjaninae from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, with a review of the cytogenetics of Lutjanidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

Fig. 1. Giemsa-stained karyotypes of Rhomboplites aurorubens (a) and Ocyurus chrysurus (b). Bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 2. C in Cytogenetic characterization of Rhomboplites aurorubens and Ocyurus chrysurus, two monotypic genera of Lutjaninae from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, with a review of the cytogenetics of Lutjanidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

Fig. 2. C-banded metaphases of Rhomboplites aurorubens (a) and Ocyurus chrysurus (b). Arrows indicate chromosome pair 24. Asterisks indicate a large chromosome pair with conspicuous C-positive blocks.

Fig.4 in Cytogenetic characterization of Hypostomus nigromaculatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig.4. Metaphases of Hypostomus nigromaculatus stained with CMA and DAPI, respectively. a) and b): Mogi-Guaçu; c) and 3 d): tributaries of the rio Tibagi. The arrows indicate the NORs.

Fig. 3 in Cytogenetic characterization of Hypostomus nigromaculatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig. 3. Chromosomes bearing of Hypostomus nigromaculatus secondary constriction: a= sample from rio Mogi-Guaçu and b= sample from tributaries of the rio Tibagi; I- Giemsa-stained; II- silver nitrate staining; III- number of specimens examined.

Fig.1 in Cytogenetic characterization of Hypostomus nigromaculatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig.1. Hydrographic map showing rio Mogi-Guaçu, rio Tibagi, 1 = ribeirão Três Bocas and 2 = ribeirão dos Apertados (tributaries of the rio Tibagi).

Fig. 2 in Cytogenetic characterization of Hypostomus nigromaculatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Fig. 2. Karyotypes of Hypostomus nigromaculatus with conventional Giemsa staining: a) rio Mogi-Guaçu and b) tributaries of the rio Tibagi. Ag-NOR-bearing chromosomes from rio Mogi-Guaçu (c) and tributaries of the rio Tibagi (d) are framed.

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Fig. 2 in Chromosomal characterization of the bonytongue Arapaima gigas (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae)

Fig. 2. Metaphases of Arapaima gigas. (a) Silver nitrate-stained showing two Ag-NOR sites (arrows); (b) and (c) 18S rDNA - FISH showing a single NOR-bearing chromosome pair and NOR size polymorphism (arrows); (d) C-banded chromosomes showing centromeric heterochromatin. Bar = 5 µm.

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Fig. 2. Karyotypes treated with the C-banding technique. a in Karyotypic characterization of Prochilodus mariae, Semaprochilodus kneri and S. laticeps (Teleostei: Prochilodontidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela

Fig. 2. Karyotypes treated with the C-banding technique. a) Prochilodus mariae - "B" indicates a supernumerary microchromosome; b) Semaprochilodus kneri; and c) Semaprochilodus laticeps.

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Fig. 1 in Karyotypic characterization of Prochilodus mariae, Semaprochilodus kneri and S. laticeps (Teleostei: Prochilodontidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela

Fig. 1. Karyotypes of: a) Prochilodus mariae with 2n=54 chromosomes plus two supernumerary microchromosomes (B); b) Semaprochilodus kneri with 2n=54 chromosomes; and c) Semaprochilodus laticeps with 2n=54 chromosomes. In the insets, silver stained chromosomes with the nucleolus organizer regions in pair 2. Bars = 10 µm.