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FIGURE 3 in Epinotia cinereana (Haworth, 1811) bona sp., a Holarctic tortricid distinct from E. nisella (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) as evidenced by DNA barcodes, morphology and life history

FIGURE 3. Adults of North American E. cinereana. 3A: 3, MB: Tall Grass Prairie Preserve (CNCLEP00040328), 3B: Ƥ, QC: St-Narcisse (MDH002279), 3C: Ƥ, MB: Tall Grass Prairie Preserve (CNCLEP00040535), 3D: Ƥ, QC: Ste-Christine (MDH003815), 3E: Ƥ, MB: Tall Grass Prairie Preserve (CNCLEP00040536), 3F: 3, QC: Grand-Remous (MDH008751), 3G: Ƥ, MB: Tall Grass Prairie Preserve (CNCLEP00040537), 3H: 3, QC: Grand-Remous (MDH008761), 3I: 3, CO: Routt National Forest (CNCLEP00087297), 3J: 3, E. criddleana lectotype, MB: Aweme. SpecimenIDs indicated in parentheses; details in Appendix 2.

FIGURE 7 in Epinotia cinereana (Haworth, 1811) bona sp., a Holarctic tortricid distinct from E. nisella (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) as evidenced by DNA barcodes, morphology and life history

FIGURE 7. Female genitalia of European specimens of E. cinereana and E. nisella. 7A: E. cinereana female genitalia, slide NHMO 2036, 7B: E. cinereana female sterigma, slide LAA 2011.009, 7C: E. cinereana female sterigma, slide NHMO 2036, 7D: E. nisella female genitalia, slide LAA 2011.008, 7E: E. nisella female sterigma, slide LAA 2011.008, 7F: E. nisella female sterigma, slide NHMO 2032.

FIGURE 2 in Epinotia cinereana (Haworth, 1811) bona sp., a Holarctic tortricid distinct from E. nisella (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) as evidenced by DNA barcodes, morphology and life history

FIGURE 2. Adults of European E. cinereana and European E. nisella. 2A: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2B: E. cinereana Ƥ, Norway, 2C: E. nisella 3, Norway, 2D: E. nisella Ƥ, Denmark, 2E: E. nisella f. cuspidana Ƥ, Norway, 2F: E. nisella 3, Germany, 2G: E. nisella f. lepidana Ƥ, Norway, 2H: E. nisella 3, typical form, Norway, 2I: E. nisella f. pavonana 3, Denmark, 2J: E. nisella f. rhombifasciana 3, Norway.

FIGURE 6 in Epinotia cinereana (Haworth, 1811) bona sp., a Holarctic tortricid distinct from E. nisella (Clerck, 1759) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) as evidenced by DNA barcodes, morphology and life history

FIGURE 6. Male genitalia of North American E. cinereana and E. nisella. 6A: E. cinereana male genitalia, slide TOR 4157, 6B: E. cinereana phallus base showing cornuti sockets, slide TOR 4157, 6C: E. cinereana 8th abdominal segment with tergum 8 on right, slide TOR 4157, 6D: E. nisella male genitalia, slide TOR 4152, 6E: E. nisella phallus base showing cornuti sockets, slide TOR 4152, 6F: E. nisella 8th abdominal segment with tergum 8 on right, slide TOR 4244, 6G: E. nisella tergum 8, slide TOR 4152. All slides in CNC.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 7. Life history of Phyllocnistis tethys: (A) Passiflora organensis shoot twining around on a fern at the type locality, showing several leaves with leaf mines at different development stages; (B) leaf mine on abaxial leaf surface (open and closed arrows, respectively, indicate empty chorion on leaf surface, and sap-feeding larva seen through transparent mine); (C) egg containing developing embryo; (D) freshly hatched larva (indicated by closed arrow; open arrow indicates green frass lines left within the egg chorion; (E) third-instar (sap-feeding) larva; (F) detail of frass lines and damage on leaf parenchyma, left by the larva within the mine; (G) fourth-instar (spinning) larva; (H) Passiflora organensis containing several pupae, seen by transparency (indicated by arrows); (I) a pupal chamber in detail, showing a pupa by transparency; (J) pupa, lateral view; (K) pupal exuvium protruded (arrow) from mine exit hole, just after the adult emergence. Scale bars = 100, 1, 0.2, 0.3, 1, 1, 1, 20, 5, 0.5, 2 mm, respectively.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Phyllocnistis tethys egg and third larval "sap-feeding" instar: (A) egg, on abaxial surface of a Passiflora organensis leaf; (B–D) head, lateral, anterior and dorsal views; (E) labrum and mandibles, dorsal view; (F) antenna, anterior view; (G) head, ventral view; (H) labium, ventral view (arrow indicates the spinneret); (I) abdominal lobe, dorsal view. Scale bars = 100, 100, 50, 100, 50, 10, 100, 50, 20 µm, respectively.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 3. Larval and pupal morphology of Phyllocnistis tethys under light microscopy: (A) first larval ("sap-feeding") instar, dorsal and ventral views; (B) third larval ("sap-feeding") instar, dorsal and ventral views; (C) fourth larval ("cocoon-spinning") instar, dorsal and ventral views; (D–F) pupa, dorsal, ventral and lateral views. Scale bars = 100, 400, 400, 300 µm, respectively.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Phyllocnistis tethys pupal cocoon and pupa: (A) weaving pattern of lower surface of pupal cocoon; (B) head, lateral view; (C) cocoon-cutter, lateral view; (D) head, ventral view; (E) cocoon-cutter, ventral view; (F) frons, ventral view; (G) abdominal segments 4 and 5, dorsal view; (H) spines on tergum 5, dorsal view; (I) spines on tergum 4, lateral view; (J) spiracle (arrow) and lateral seta on A5, dorsal view; (K) spiracle A3, lateral view; (L) spiracle A8, lateral view; (M–O) last abdominal segments in ventral, dorsal and posterior views, respectively Scale bars = 100, 100, 50, 150, 50, 50, 200, 25, 25, 25, 10, 5, 100, 100, 100 µm, respectively.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 9. Maximum-likelihood tree of Pyllocnistis species based on 639 bp of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Numbers above branches indicate bootstrap support higher than 60%; branch lengths are indicated below. Asterisks indicate bootstrap values <60% and branch lengths <0.001. Species of Bucculatricidae (Bucculatrix canadensisella) and Gracillariidae (Acrocercops and Caloptilia) were used to root the tree, according to the phylogeny proposed by Kawahara et al. (2011); see Table 1 and text for further description.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 8. Diaphanized portion and histological sections of a Passiflora organensis leaf, showing by transparency the organization levels of a Phyllocnistis tethys mine in relation to larval ontogeny: (A) general aspect of the mine, containing a third-instar "sap-feeding" larva; asterisk indicates feeding area of the first instar; Roman numerals indicate larval instar numbers and corresponding positions of head capsules in the mine; open and closed arrows indicate the limit areas of nongranular frass lines left by second- and third-instar larvae, respectively; (B) detail of head capsule shed by the second-instar larva (bar indicates position for measurement of head-capsule width); C) transverse section of a mine; (D) transverse section of intact portion of leaf lamina (indicated by left arrow in C); (E) transverse section of mined portion of leaf lamina (indicated by right arrow in C). Ab, abaxial surface of epidermis; Ad, adaxial surface of epidermis; Lm, leaf mine; Pp, palisade parenchyma; Sp, spongy parenchyma. Scale bars = 1 mm, 50, 100, 25, 50 µm, respectively.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 2. Genital morphology of Phyllocnistis tethys under light and scanning electron microscopy: (A) male genitalia, ventral view (aedeagus omitted); (B) aedeagus, lateral view; (C) female genitalia, ventral view; (D) male coremata, lateral view; (E) male cornuti in detail, lateral view; (F) female papilla annalis in detail, latero-dorsal view; (G) female signum in detail, lateral view. Scale bars = 100, 200, 25, 50, 25, 25 µm, respectively.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 1. Phyllocnistis tethys adult: wings spread, pinned, dorsal view (A); wings folded, on Passiflora organensis leaf, in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) views. Scale bars = 0.5, 1.0 mm, respectively.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from southern Brazil, with life-history description and genetic comparison to congeneric species

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Phyllocnistis tethys fourth larval (cocoon-spinning) instar: (A) head, general, dorsal view; (B–C) detail of head, dorsal and lateral views; (D) head, general, anterior view; (E) spinneret (indicated by arrow), anterior view; (F) antenna, lateral view; (G) invaginations of integument on abdominal sterna, ventral view; (H) caudal end of abdominal, ventral view; (I) dorsal view of fig. H (last segment retracted). Scale bars = 100, 50, 50, 50, 10, 10, 50, 50, 50 µm, respectively.

FIGURE 1. L in The scentless plant bug, Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhopalidae): Description of immature stages and notes on its life history

FIGURE 1. L. hyalinus, dorsal view; first instar (a), second instar (b), third instar (c), scale line: 0.5mm.

FIGURE 3. L in The scentless plant bug, Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhopalidae): Description of immature stages and notes on its life history

FIGURE 3. L. hyalinus on S. oleraceus.3—a. Egg mass on reproductive structure. b—Eggs and first instar nymph. c—Microhymenopteran parasitizing eggs. d—Hatched eggs. e,f—Aggregations of nymphs. g—Fifth instar nymph.

FIGURE 2 in Morphology and life history of Brachypeplus glaber LeConte (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), with a discussion of multiple life stage data for phylogenetic analyses

FIGURE 2. Male and female genitalia of B. glaber. A) male anal sclerite, ventral view; B) male spiculum gastrale, dorsal view; C) male tegmen, ventral view; D) male tegmen, lateral view; E) male median lobe, dorsal view; F) male median lobe, lateral view; G) female ovipositor, dorsal view.

FIGURE 1 in Morphology and life history of Brachypeplus glaber LeConte (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), with a discussion of multiple life stage data for phylogenetic analyses

FIGURE 1. Adult features of B. glaber. A) mandibles; B) right maxilla; C) labium and mentum; D) metendosternite.

FIGURE 4 in Morphology and life history of Brachypeplus glaber LeConte (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), with a discussion of multiple life stage data for phylogenetic analyses

FIGURE 4. Pupa of B. glaber. A) dorsal habitus, line drawing, scale bar = 0.5 mm; B) ventral habitus, line drawing, scale bar = 0.5 mm; C) dorsal SEM of abdominal tergites 1–5.

FIGURES 22–25 in A new genus of Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with notes on life history and immature stages

FIGURES 22–25. Biology and immature stages of Neolirata alta: 22, habitat; 23, Pseudabutilon virgatum; 24, underside of leaf of P. v i rg a t u m with eggs (magnified area with eggs); 25, planidium.

FIGURES 8–13 in A new genus of Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with notes on life history and immature stages

FIGURES 8–13. Neolirata daguerrei: 8, Labrum (female), lbd, labral digit; sld, seta of labral digit. 9–13, biology and immature stages of N. daguerrei: 9, habitat; 10, Urvillea chacoënsis; 11, underside of leaf of U. chacoënsis with eggs (eggs represented in white area); 12, egg; 13, planidia. md, mandible; plst, pleurostomal seta or spine; Tp, tergopleural line.