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FIGURE 3 in Cymbidium densiflorum (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidieae): a new orchid species from China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of C. densiflorum based on the nuclear DNA (ITS). The three numbers near the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP), maximum parsimony bootstrap percentages (BP MP), and maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages (BP ML). "*" indicates that the node is 100% or 1.00 supported. "-" indicates that the node is incongruent between the topology of the Bayesian tree and the MP/ML trees.

FIGURE 2 in Cymbidium densiflorum (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidieae): a new orchid species from China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of C. densiflorum based on the plastid DNA. The three numbers at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP), maximum parsimony bootstrap percentages (BP MP), and maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages (BP ML). "*" indicates that the node is 100% or 1.00 supported. "-" indicates that the node is incongruent between the topology of the Bayesian tree and MP/ML trees.

FIGURE 1 in Cymbidium densiflorum (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidieae): a new orchid species from China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships of C. densiflorum based on the combined plastid and nuclear data. The three numbers at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP), maximum parsimony bootstrap percentages (BP MP), and maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages (BP ML). "*" indicates that the node is 100% or 1.00 supported. "-" indicates that the node is incongruent between the topology of the Bayesian tree and the MP/ML trees.

FIGURE 2 in Platanthera guangdongensis and P. zijinensis (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), two new species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of the combination plastid rbcL and matK regions. Numbers near the nodes are bootstrap percentages and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BS ML, BS MP, PP). A dash (–) indicates a node is inconsistent between the topology of the MP/ML trees and the Bayesian tree.

FIGURE 6 in Platanthera guangdongensis and P. zijinensis (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), two new species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 6. Platanthera zijinensis Ye, Zhong & Li. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower, front view. C. Flower, side view. D. Dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, and lip. E. Sheath. F. Pollinarium. Drawn by Li-Jun Chen.

FIGURE 1 in Platanthera guangdongensis and P. zijinensis (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), two new species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of the nrITS region. Numbers near the nodes are bootstrap

FIGURE 7 in Platanthera guangdongensis and P. zijinensis (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), two new species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 7. Platanthera zijinensis Ye, Zhong & Li. A. Habitat. B. Flowering plant. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, front view. E. Flower, side view. Photographs by Wen-Hui Rao.

FIGURE 5. Platanthera guangdongensis Li in Platanthera guangdongensis and P. zijinensis (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), two new species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 5. Platanthera guangdongensis Li, Wu & Chen. A. Habitat and flowering plant. B. Inflorescence. C. Rootstock and stem. D. Flower, front view. E. Flower, side view. F. Pollinarium. Photographs by Wen-Hui Rao.

FIGURE 4. Platanthera guangdongensis Li in Platanthera guangdongensis and P. zijinensis (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), two new species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 4. Platanthera guangdongensis Li, Wu & Chen. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower, front view. C. Flower, side view. D. Dorsal sepal, petal, lateral sepal, and lip. E. Sheath. F. Pollinarium. Drawn by Li-Jun Chen.

FIGURE 3 in Platanthera guangdongensis and P. zijinensis (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), two new species from China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of the combination of nrITS and plastid regions. Numbers near the nodes are bootstrap percentages and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BS ML, BS MP, PP). A dash (–) indicates a node is inconsistent between the topology of the MP/ML trees and the Bayesian tree; *node is 100 bootstrap percentage or 1.00 posterior probability.

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TABLE 2 in Morphology and molecular evidence reveal hidden diversity among snapping shrimp of the Alpheus obesomanus group (Decapoda: Alpheidae) with the description of a new species from Brazil

TABLE 2. Characters used to differentiate Alpheus coralvivo sp. nov. from the morphologically similar Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 species. *Mostly based on the comparative material cited in Appendix 1 and **based on the comparative material, illustrations, and description provided by Holthuis (1980).<table><tbody><tr><th>Characters/Species</th><th>Alpheus coralvivo sp. nov.</th><th>Alpheus simus *</th><th>Alpheus saxidomus **</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Rostrum Relative length of the second article of antennular peduncle</th><td>Absent Approx. 4 times as long as visible part of first article</td><td>Absent Around 3 times as long as visible part of first article</td><td>Absent or vestigial Approx. 2.5 times as long as visible part of first article</td></tr><tr><th>Propodus spines (excluding distal pair)</th><td>4–6</td><td>3–4</td><td>5–6</td></tr><tr><th>Shape of distolateral spiniform seta of uropodal exopod</th><td>Slender</td><td>Slender</td><td>Stout</td></tr><tr><th>Colour of distolateral spiniform seta uropodal exopod</th><td>Dark brown, black or not pigmented</td><td>Not pigmented</td><td>Dark brown or black</td></tr><tr><th>Diaeresis Depth</th><td>Absent 1–12 m</td><td>Absent 2–146 m</td><td>Present 2–12 m</td></tr><tr><th>Distribution</th><td>Northwestern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia)</td><td>South Florida to Caribbean Sea</td><td>Eastern Pacific (Costa Rica, Panama south to Colombia and Galapagos)</td></tr></tbody></table>

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TABLE 1 in Morphology and molecular evidence reveal hidden diversity among snapping shrimp of the Alpheus obesomanus group (Decapoda: Alpheidae) with the description of a new species from Brazil

TABLE 1. List of specimens of Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 and Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888 used in the genetic analyses with cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Abbreviations: Atl, Atlantic Ocean; BA, Bahia; Pac, Pacific Ocean; SP, São Paulo.<table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th>Locality</th><th>Gene Bank or Bold number</th><th>Reference</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Alpheus armatus Rathbun, 1901</th><td>Caribbean Sea</td><td>KF131481</td><td>Hurt et al. (2013)</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus coralvivo sp. nov.</th><td>Brazil (BA)</td><td>MT483210–MT483212</td><td>Present study</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850</th><td>USA</td><td>KP254069</td><td>Leray & Knowlton (2015)</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus idiocheles Coutière, 1905</th><td>French Polynesia</td><td>MBMIA293-06 MBMIA294-06</td><td>No reference</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus immaculatus Knowlton & Keller, 1983</th><td>Caribbean Sea</td><td>KF131503</td><td>Hurt et al. (2013)</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus lottini Guérin-Méneville, 1838</th><td>New Caledonia</td><td>KY746843 KY746844</td><td>Rouzé et al. (2017)</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852</th><td>Panama (Atl)</td><td>FJ013923</td><td>Hurt et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus malleodigitus (Spence Bate, 1888)</th><td>French Polynesia</td><td>MBMIA627-06 MBMIA628-06</td><td>No reference</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus obesomanus Dana, 1852</th><td>French Polynesia</td><td>MBMIA360-06 MBMIA361-06 MBMIA402-06</td><td>No reference</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus polystictus Knowlton & Keller, 1985 Caribbean Sea</th><td>KF131508</td><td>Hurt et al. (2013)</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus roquensis Knowlton & Keller, 1985</th><td>Venezuela</td><td>KF131529 KF131530</td><td>Hurt et al. (2013)</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus saxidomus Holthuis, 1980</th><td>Panama (Pac)</td><td>FJ013929–FJ013933</td><td>Hurt et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><th>Alpheus simus Guérin-Méneville, 1855</th><td>Panama (Atl)</td><td>FJ013945 FJ013946 FJ013948</td><td>Hurt et al. (2009)</td></tr><tr><th>Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutière, 1909</th><td>Jamaica</td><td>KJ595081</td><td>Hultgren et al. (2014)</td></tr><tr><th>Synalpheus townsendi Coutière, 1909</th><td>Brazil (SP)</td><td>KU313018</td><td>Almeida et al. (2018)</td></tr></tbody></table>

FIGURE 1 in Calanthe tsiana, a new orchid species from China (Epidendroideae: Collabieae): evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 1. Bayesian tree constructed from the combined ITS nrDNA and plastid DNA (matK, trnL-trnF and rbcL) matrix. The numbers near the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap percentage (PP, BP, BP). The portions of Calanthe tree based on (A) ML MP plastid DNA and (B) nrITS are shown in the top left corner. "-"indicates a node that is inconsistent between the topology of the MP/ML and Bayesian trees.

FIGURE 4 in Is Rosa × archipelagica (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) really a spontaneous intersectional hybrid between R. rugosa and R. maximowicziana? Molecular data confirmation and evidence of paternal leakage

FIGURE 4. Fragments of electropherograms of four sequences (Rosa maximowicziana max7, R. × archipelagica arc4, R. × archipelagica arc3, and R. rugosa rug2) of ndhC–trnV IGS. Blue rectangles indicate substitutions in 117, 173, and 185 positions of the alignment, and an indel T/- in the 228th position of the alignment, differing Rosa maximowicziana and R. rugosa. The sequence arc4 possesses double peaks in corresponding positions, the sequence arc3 is identical to that of max7.

FIGURE 2. Rosa maximowicziana. A. Flowers. B in Is Rosa × archipelagica (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) really a spontaneous intersectional hybrid between R. rugosa and R. maximowicziana? Molecular data confirmation and evidence of paternal leakage

FIGURE 2. Rosa maximowicziana. A. Flowers. B. Fruits. Rosa × archipelagica. C. Flowering plants. Rosa rugosa. D. Flowers. E. Fruits. Scale bar: A–B, D–E = 5 cm; C = 10 cm. A, B, E: photo by Ivan Schanzer; C, D: photo by Elena Chubar.

FIGURE 2. Calanthe tsiana. A. Flowering plant. B in Calanthe tsiana, a new orchid species from China (Epidendroideae: Collabieae): evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 2. Calanthe tsiana. A. Flowering plant. B. Oblique view of the flower. C. Column, spur and ovary, side view. D. Petal. E. Lateral sepal. F. Dorsal sepal. G. Lip and column.

FIGURE 1 in Is Rosa × archipelagica (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) really a spontaneous intersectional hybrid between R. rugosa and R. maximowicziana? Molecular data confirmation and evidence of paternal leakage

FIGURE 1. Sample locations: 1–Russkiy Island (max1, max2); 2–Popova Island (max5, rug3); 3–Poima River (max13); 4–Stenina Island (arc1, arc2, arc3, arc4, max10, max11, rug9, rug10); 5–Bolshoy Pelis Island (max8, max9, rug6, rug7, rug8); 6–Cape Astafyeva (rug11, rug12); 7–Posyet (max3, max4, rug2); 8–Krabbe Peninsula (max12); 9–Very Island (max7, rug5); 10–Kievka village, sea shore (rug4); 11–Kievka village, meadow (max6).

FIGURE 5 in Cymbidium biflorens (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 5. Comparison among Cymbidium biflorens, Cymbidium rhizomatosum and Cymbidium macrorhizon. A. Cymbidium biflorens flowering plant. B. C. biflorens flowers. C. Anatomy of organs of C. biflorens. D. Cymbidium rhizomatosum leaves and flower. E. Cymbidium macrorhizon flower.

FIGURE 4. Cymbidium biflorens. A. Flowering plant. B. Petal. C. Sepal. D. Column. E. Lip. F in Cymbidium biflorens (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 4. Cymbidium biflorens. A. Flowering plant. B. Petal. C. Sepal. D. Column. E. Lip. F. Pollinarium. Drawn by Xing-Yu Liao.

FIGURE 1 in Cymbidium biflorens (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships of C. biflorens based on the combined plastid and nuclear data. The numbers near the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP), maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages (BP) and maximum parsimony bootstrap percentages ML (BP). "*" indicates that the node has BP 100 or PP 1.00. "-" indicates that the node is incongruent between the Bayesian and MP/ML MP trees.