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1,425 results for “Agriculture”
Thermal tolerance of fish to heatwaves in agricultural streams: What does not kill you makes you stronger?
<p>Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity under climate change. Freshwater ecosystems are among the most thermally impacted systems, within which agricultural streams are experiencing the most extreme heatwaves and deserve prioritized focus. Heatwaves are approaching the upper thermal limits of many fishes but have received little attention to date.</p> <p>To study whether and how fish tolerate heatwaves from a physiological perspective, we simulated single, multiple, and extended heatwaves at 32 and 34 °C in the laboratory, based on high-resolution summer temperatures recorded in agricultural vs. forested streams in Illinois, USA.</p> <p>By investigating the effects of heatwaves on 25 °C acclimated fathead minnow <i>Pimephales promelas</i>, an important prey species across North America, we witnessed its high thermal resilience, including a rapid return to metabolic homeostasis after single and multiple heatwaves, measured by oxygen consumption rate (<i>Ṁ</i>O<sub>2</sub>). During extended heatwave, fathead minnow were still able to lower <i>Ṁ</i>O<sub>2</sub> after the initial exposure, despite without complete thermal compensation. We also found transient increases in their critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>), especially after higher intensity and frequency of heatwaves. However, the thermal resilience of fathead minnow did come with costs, including reduced anaerobic capacity indicated by decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and impaired antioxidant defense indicated by reduced superoxide dismutase in white muscle.</p> <p>By monitoring metabolic costs and physiological adjustments of fish during and after heatwaves, we showed that fathead minnow were resilient to simulated current and near-future heatwaves, which may allow them to cope with thermal extremes expected in agricultural streams.</p> <p>Overall, the real-time monitoring of fish responses to heatwaves incorporates natural dynamics of thermal patterns. It facilitates the mechanistic understandings of how fish react to thermal challenges in the real world and offers opportunities to incorporate high-resolution metabolic costs into future bioenergetic modeling.</p>
Fig. 2 in Sphingobacterium prati sp. nov., isolated from agricultural soil and involved in lignocellulose deconstruction
Fig. 2. Maximim-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of the concatenated rpoB–cpn60–16S rRNA genes showing the relationship of strain arapr2T with closely related Sphingobacterium species. Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50% bootstrap replicates were removed.
Fig. 1 in Sphingobacterium prati sp. nov., isolated from agricultural soil and involved in lignocellulose deconstruction
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of type strains closely related to strain arapr2T based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The evolutionary history was inferred by MEGA 7.0 [32] using the the neighbour-joining method [33]. There were a total of 1315 positions in the final dataset. Bar, 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position. The outgroup of the tree was Flavobacterium terrae R2A1-13T.
Temporal and interspecific dietary variation in wintering ducks in agricultural landscapes
<p class="MsoNormal">Farmlands are becoming more important as waterfowl foraging habitats, while natural wetlands are being lost globally. However, it is unclear how waterfowl coexist in agricultural landscapes by resource partitioning. We evaluated the diets of seven sympatric dabbling ducks foraging in rice paddy and lotus fields around Lake Kasumigaura, the second largest lake in Japan, during two wintering seasons (from November to February) by fecal DNA metabarcoding using chloroplast <em>trn</em>L and mitochondrial CO1 region sequences. We examined 42<span>0</span> fecal samples and found different patterns of dietary diversity and composition among the duck species. The pattern also differed between plant and invertebrate food. Dietary niche partitioning was clear in plant food. Large-bodied ducks intensively use crop plants, and other ducks might mediate competition by using terrestrial and aquatic plants that are suitable for their foraging behaviors or microhabitats. Dietary segregation among species was the most apparent in February, when the abundance of foraging ducks was the largest. This study <span>illustrated</span> the complex pattern of dietary niche partitioning of dabbling ducks in agricultural landscapes, which might be difficult to evaluate by conventional approaches. The availability of crop plants, as well as other plant food resources in <span>flooded areas</span> and farmland dikes, may enable ducks to coexist by spatial or behavioral resource partitioning.</p>
FollowMe - A Pedestrian Following Algorithm for Agricultural Logistic Robots (video results)
<p>Video result of submitted paper "FollowMe - A Pedestrian Following Algorithm for Agricultural Logistic Robots" in ICARSC confrence</p>
The dataset of the paper titled "Investigating End-Users' Values for Agriculture Mobile Applications Development: A Mixed-Methods Empirical Study on Bangladeshi Female Farmers"
<p>This package includes a survey questionnaire, demographic questions, focus groups questionnaire, interview questionnaire, and 10 main values with corresponding attributes and the referred names used in this paper submitted to IST.</p>
Is switchgrass good for carbon savings? Long-term results in marginal land Running title: Switchgrass SOC storage capacity in marginal land Walter Zegada-Lizarazu 1, Federica Zanetti 1, Nicola Di Virgilio 2, Andrea Monti 1 1Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44 – 40127, Bologna, Italy; 2CNR, Institute for the BioEcononomy, National Research Council of Italy, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
<p>Growing switchgrass in marginal land can be a valuable option to mitigate the risk of agricultural land abandonment whilst storing a significant amount of soil C. It was found a significant increase in SOC in a 13-years period. A significant positive correlation was observed between the C derived from switchgrass and SOC gain (the estimated switchgrass derived C was 12.7 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>). The increased SOC along the field, however, was patchy, with the highest increments registered in the center of the field, while the lowest ones in the top and bottom of the hill.</p>
The dataset of the paper titled "Investigating End-Users' Values in Agriculture Mobile Applications Development: An Empirical Study on Bangladeshi Female Farmers"
<p>This package includes a survey questionnaire, demographic questions, and 10 main values with corresponding attributes and the referred names used in this paper submitted to JSS.</p>
FIGURE 2 in First record of grey bush-cricket Platycleis albopunctata (Goeze, 1778) (Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniini) on the agricultural crops from Trans Himalaya India
FIGURE 2. Platycleis albopunctata. (A-Q): A—Frontal view of head, B—Dorsal view of fastigium of vertex, C—Dorsal view of pronotum, D—Lateral lobe of Pronotum,, E—Sternum, F—Ventral view of Stridulatory file, G—Dorsal view of mirror, H—Lateral view of Fore tibia, I—Hind tibia, J—Hind femur, K. Male supra anal plate; L. Male sub-genital plate; M. Female supra anal plate; N. Female sub-genital plate; O. Male cerci; P Female cerci; Q. Ovipositor.
Data from: Ant community composition and functional traits in newly established grasslands within agricultural landscapes
<p>Ongoing intensification and fragmentation of European agricultural landscapes dramatically reduce biodiversity and associated functions. Enhancing perennial non-crop areas holds great potential to support ecosystem services such as ant mediated pest control.</p> <p>To study the potential of newly established grassland strips to enhance ant diversity and associated functions, we used hand collection data and predation experiments to investigate differences in (a) ant community composition (b) biocontrol related functional traits, and (c) natural pest control across habitats in cereal fields, old grasslands, and new grassland transects of three years age. </p> <p>Whilst all data regarding biocontrol related functional traits of ant species (b) are available within the publication and its supporting information files, we provide here our raw data of ant species activity and diversity surveys (a) and further the results of sticky card experiments as a proxy for biocontrol potential (c).</p>
Data from: Classification and mapping of low-statured 'shrubland' cover types in post-agricultural landscapes of the US Northeast
<p>Novel plant communities reshape landscapes and pose challenges for land cover classification and mapping that can constrain research and stewardship efforts. In the US Northeast, emergence of low-statured woody vegetation, or 'shrublands', instead of secondary forests in post-agricultural landscapes is well-documented by field studies, but poorly understood from a landscape perspective, which limits the ability to systematically study and manage these lands. To address gaps in classification/mapping of low-statured cover types where they have been historically rare, we developed models to predict 'shrubland' distributions at 30m resolution across New York State (NYS), using machine learning and model ensembling techniques to integrate remote sensing of structural (airborne LIDAR) and optical (satellite imagery) properties of vegetation cover. We first classified a 1m canopy height model (CHM), derived from a "patchwork" of available LIDAR coverages, to define shrubland presence/absence. Next, these non-contiguous maps were used to train a model ensemble based on temporally-segmented imagery to predict 'shrubland' probability for the entire study landscape (NYS). Approximately 2.5% of the CHM coverage area was classified as shrubland. Models using Landsat predictors trained on the classified CHM were effective at identifying shrubland (test set AUC=0.893, real-world AUC=0.904), in discriminating between shrub/young forest and other cover classes, and produced qualitatively sensible maps, even when extending beyond the original training data. After ground-truthing, we expect these shrubland maps and models will have many research and stewardship applications including wildlife conservation, invasive species mitigation and natural climate solutions. Overall our results compared favorably in terms of accuracy with existing LULC products, suggesting that incorporation of airborne LiDAR, even from a discontinuous patchwork of coverages, can improve LULC classification of historically rare but increasingly prevalent 'shrubland' habitats across broader areas.</p>
Data from: Malaysian weedy rice shows its true stripes: wild Oryza and elite rice cultivars shape agricultural weed evolution in Southeast Asia
Weedy rice is a close relative of domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) that competes aggressively with the crop and limits rice productivity worldwide. Most genetic studies of weedy rice have focused on populations in regions where no reproductively compatible wild Oryza species occur (North America, Europe, northern Asia). Here we examined the population genetics of weedy rice in Malaysia, where wild rice (O. rufipogon) can be found growing in close proximity to cultivated and weedy rice. Using 375 accessions and a combined analysis of 24 neutral SSR loci and two rice domestication genes (sh4, controlling seed shattering, and Bh4, controlling hull color), we addressed the following questions: 1) What is the relationship of Malaysian weedy rice to domesticated and wild rice, and to weedy rice strains in the US? 2) To what extent does the presence of O. rufipogon influence the genetic and phenotypic diversity of Malaysian weeds? 3) What do the distributions of sh4 and Bh4 alleles and associated phenotypes reveal about the origin and contemporary evolution of Malaysian weedy rice? Our results reveal: independent evolutionary origins for Malaysian weeds and US strains, despite their very close phenotypic resemblance; wild-to-weed gene flow in Malaysian weed populations, including apparent adaptive introgression of seed-shattering alleles; and a prominent role for modern Malaysian cultivars in the origin and recent proliferation of Malaysian weeds. These findings suggest that the genetic complexity and adaptability of weedy crop relatives can be profoundly influenced by proximity to reproductively compatible wild and domesticated populations.
Biochar Technologies at the Energy-Food nexus in sub-Saharan Africa: A unique window for Climate-Smart Agriculture
<p>Dataset to support the publication</p>
Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008). in Muridae
Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008).
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
Distribution. SE Iran (Kerman Province), Pakistan, India, S Nepal, and Sri Lanka; range may have expanded with development of agricultural landscapes. in Muridae
Distribution. SE Iran (Kerman Province), Pakistan, India, S Nepal, and Sri Lanka; range may have expanded with development of agricultural landscapes.
Image Dataset for 'AI-enabled biosensing for rapid pathogen detection: from liquid food to agricultural water'
<p>This dataset is presented in the following publication. Please cite this publication if you use the dataset.</p> <p><em>Jiyoon Yi, Nicharee Wisuthiphaet, Pranav Raja, Nitin Nitin, J. Mason Earles. (2023). AI-enabled biosensing for rapid pathogen detection: from liquid food to agricultural water. Water Research, 120258. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120258">10.1016/j.watres.2023.120258</a></em></p>
Figure 4 in An exploratory study of bumble bee (Bombus) phenologies and plant interactions in agricultural landscapes in central Georgia, USA
Figure 4. Captures of Bombus a-f-p group averaged by week at three sites near Athens, Georgia, USA. HF = Durham Horticulture Farm in Watkinsville, GA; WG = Woodland Gardens in Athens, GA; SV = Spring Valley EcoFarms in Athens, GA. No surveys were conducted during the week of 28 June due to a lack of available person-hours.
Figure 3 in An exploratory study of bumble bee (Bombus) phenologies and plant interactions in agricultural landscapes in central Georgia, USA
Figure 3. Bombus impatiens captures averaged by week at three sites near Athens, Georgia, USA. HF = Durham Horticulture Farm in Watkinsville, GA; WG = Woodland Gardens in Athens, GA; SV = Spring Valley EcoFarms in Athens, GA. No surveys were conducted during the weeks of 28 June or 6 September due to a lack of available person-hours, or the weeks of 16–30 August due to inclement weather and/or insufficient number of bees observed. Average captures for B. impatiens are underrepresented during the following weeks due to limited supplies: 14 June, 12 July, 2 and 9 August, 9 August, 13 September, 4 October.
Figure 1 in An exploratory study of bumble bee (Bombus) phenologies and plant interactions in agricultural landscapes in central Georgia, USA
Figure 1. Bombus bimaculatus captures averaged per week at three sites near Athens, Georgia, USA. HF = Durham Horticulture Farm in Watkinsville, GA; WG = Woodland Gardens in Athens, GA; SV = Spring Valley EcoFarms in Athens, GA. This species was not captured during the week of 21 June. No surveys were conducted during the week of 28 June due to a lack of available personhours.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.