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4,028 results for “Behaviour”
Figure 3 in Ecology and behaviour of the 'road tarantulas' Eupalaestrus weijenberghi and Acanthoscurria suina (Araneae, Theraphosidae) from Uruguay
Figure 3. Distribution of the beetle Diloboderus abderus in the surveyed areas.
Figure 6 in Ecology and behaviour of the 'road tarantulas' Eupalaestrus weijenberghi and Acanthoscurria suina (Araneae, Theraphosidae) from Uruguay
Figure 6. Temporal distribution of tarantulas captured by pit-fall traps.
Figure 2 in Ecology and behaviour of the 'road tarantulas' Eupalaestrus weijenberghi and Acanthoscurria suina (Araneae, Theraphosidae) from Uruguay
Figure 2. Geographical distribution of Acanthoscurria suina in the surveyed areas of Uruguay.
Figure 1. A in ''Riding'' behaviour by males of Conops quadrifasciata (Diptera: Conopidae): Do females set up ''riders'' as targets for takeovers by larger males?
Figure 1. A male rider employs an abdomen lift to thwart a slightly larger attacker.
Data from: The role of behavioural flexibility in primate diversification
<p class="CxSpFirst">Identifying the factors that influence species diversification is fundamental to our understanding of the evolutionary processes underlying extant biodiversity. Behavioural innovation, coupled with the social transmission of new behaviours, has been proposed to increase rates of evolutionary diversification, as novel behaviours expose populations to new selective regimes. Thus, it is believed that behavioural flexibility may be important in driving evolutionary diversification across animals. We test this hypothesis within the primates, a taxonomic group with considerable among-lineage variation in both species diversity and behavioural flexibility. We employ a time cutoff in our phylogeny to help account for biases associated with recent taxonomic reclassifications and compare three alternative measures of diversification rate that consider different phylogenetic depths. We find that the presence of behavioural innovation and social learning are positively correlated with diversification rates among primate genera, but not at shallower phylogenetic depths. Given that we find stronger associations when examining older rather than more recent diversification events, we suggest that extinction resistance, as opposed to speciation, may be an important mechanism linking behavioural flexibility and primate diversification. Our results contrast with work linking behavioural flexibility with diversification of birds at various phylogenetic depths. We offer a possible dispersal-mediated explanation for these conflicting patterns, such that the influence behavioural flexibility plays in dictating evolutionary trajectories differs across clades. Our results suggest that behavioural flexibility may act through several different pathways to shape the evolutionary trajectories of lineages.</p>
Figure 9 in Complex display behaviour during the intraspecific interactions of myrmecomorphic jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)
Figure 9. Myrmarachne bakeri female (facing to left) posturing (erect legs in Position 2).
Figure 5 in Complex display behaviour during the intraspecific interactions of myrmecomorphic jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)
Figure 5. Myrmarachne assimilis male (on right) opening door to nest. Palps arched.
Figure 4 in Impacts of food-based enrichment on behaviour and physiology of male greater rheas (Rhea Americana, Rheidae, Aves)
Figure 4. Spearman correlation between daily faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration and daily number of recordings of "pacing" behaviour of greater rheas during the enrichment phase in the enclosure at the Belo Horizonte Zoo, Brazil (rs = 0.418; p <0.05, N = 29; df = 2).
Figure 2 in Impacts of food-based enrichment on behaviour and physiology of male greater rheas (Rhea Americana, Rheidae, Aves)
Figure 2. Exhibition of behaviours "walking" (F = 31.51, p <0.01, N = 30, DF = 2), "foraging" (F = 28.31, p <0.01, N = 30, DF = 2), "eating faeces" (F = 6.01, p = 0.05, N = 30, DF = 2) and "pacing" (F = 32.06, p <0.01, N = 30, DF = 2) by greater rheas in the three phases of a food enrichment study in the enclosure at the Belo Horizonte Zoo, Brazil. Different letters represent treatments that significantly differed between each other. b = baseline; e = enrichment; p = post-enrichment.
Figure 1 in Impacts of food-based enrichment on behaviour and physiology of male greater rheas (Rhea Americana, Rheidae, Aves)
Figure 1. Graphic timeline for the recording of behavioural and physiological data of greater rheas. Each phase lasted 30 days, with intervals of 14 days among phases. Behavioural and physiological data occurred concomitantly. In this timeline, it is represented data collection that occurred on Tuesdays and Thursdays. In Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, data collection occurred from 13:00 h to 16:15 h. Enrichment was provided at 08:00 or 13:00 h, depending on the day of the week.
Figure 3. GCM concentrations for greater rheas during a in Impacts of food-based enrichment on behaviour and physiology of male greater rheas (Rhea Americana, Rheidae, Aves)
Figure 3. GCM concentrations for greater rheas during a food enrichment study at the Belo Horizonte Zoo, Brazil (F = 22.51; p <0.01; N = 27; df = 2). Different letters represents phases that differed significantly between each other.
Fig. 1 in Population size, distribution and daylight behaviour of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Penang Island, Malaysia
Fig. 1. Penang Island. Shown are the survey trackline west of island and fishing villages.
Fig. 6 in The Effects Of Human-Dolphin Interaction Programmes On The Behaviour Of Three Captive Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa Chinensis)
Fig. 6. Association index of each dyad before and after each programme.
Fig. 5 in The Effects Of Human-Dolphin Interaction Programmes On The Behaviour Of Three Captive Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa Chinensis)
Fig. 5. Average SPI before and after the MWD programme. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.
Fig. 4 in The Effects Of Human-Dolphin Interaction Programmes On The Behaviour Of Three Captive Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa Chinensis)
Fig. 4. Average SPI before and after the SWD programme. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.
Fig. 1 in Brooding behaviour of the centipede Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) and its morphological variability in Thailand
Fig. 1. Distribution of Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876 in southern Thailand.
Fig. 4 in Brooding behaviour of the centipede Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) and its morphological variability in Thailand
Fig. 4. Schematic of brooding behaviour of Otostigmus spinosus.
Limitations of using surrogates for behaviour classification of accelerometer data: refining methods using random forest models in Caprids
<p>Animal-attached devices can be used on cryptic species to measure their movement and behaviour, enabling unprecedented insights into fundamental aspects of animal ecology and behaviour. However, direct observations of subjects are often still necessary to translate biologging data accurately into meaningful behaviours. As many elusive species cannot easily be observed in the wild, captive or domestic surrogates are typically used to calibrate data from devices. However, the utility of this approach remains equivocal. </p> <p>Here, we assess the validity of using captive conspecifics, and phylogenetically-similar domesticated counterparts (surrogate species) for calibrating behaviour classification. Tri-axial accelerometers and tri-axial magnetometers were used with behavioural observations to build random forest models to predict the behaviours. We applied these methods using captive Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) and a domestic counterpart, pygmy goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), to predict the behaviour including terrain slope for locomotion behaviours of captive Alpine ibex. </p> <p>Behavioural classification of captive Alpine ibex and domestic pygmy goats was highly accurate (> 98%). Model performance was reduced when using data split per individual, i.e., classifying behaviour of individuals not used to train models (mean ± sd = 56.1 ± 11%). Behavioural classifications using domestic counterparts, i.e., pygmy goat observations to predict ibex behaviour, however, were not sufficient to predict all behaviours of a phylogenetically similar species accurately (> 55%).</p> <p>We demonstrate methods to refine the use of random forest models to classify behaviours of both captive and free-living animal species. We suggest there are two main reasons for reduced accuracy when using a domestic counterpart to predict the behaviour of a wild species in captivity; domestication leading to morphological differences and the terrain of the environment in which the animals were observed. We also identify limitations when behaviour is predicted in individuals that are not used to train models. Our results demonstrate that biologging device calibration needs to be conducted using: (i) with similar conspecifics, and (ii) in an area where they can perform behaviours on terrain that reflects that of species in the wild.</p>
Ecological and behavioural drivers of offspring size in marine teleost fishes
<p>Aim:<strong> </strong>Our aim was to evaluate the role of ecological and life-history factors in shaping global variation in offspring size in a marine clade with a diverse range of parental care behaviours.</p> <p>Location:<strong> </strong>Global.</p> <p>Time period: Data sourced from literature published from 1953 until 2019.</p> <p>Major taxa studied:<strong> </strong>Marine teleost fishes.</p> <p>Methods:<strong> </strong>We compiled a species-level dataset of egg and hatchling size for 1,639 species of marine fish across 45 orders. We used Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models to evaluate the relationship between offspring size and environmental factors (i.e., mean temperature, chlorophyll-<i>a</i> and dissolved oxygen content together with their annual variation), as well as latitude, reproductive strategy, parental body size and fecundity. We also tested long-standing hypotheses about the co-evolution of offspring size and the presence of parental care in BayesTraits.</p> <p>Results: After controlling for parental body size and phylogenetic history, we find that increased egg size is associated with colder and oxygen-rich waters, while hatch size further depends on food supply and the reproductive strategy exhibited by the species. Irrespective of the initial investment in egg size, species with parental care or demersal egg development yield larger hatchlings compared to pelagic spawners. We also demonstrate that hatch size has co-evolved with advanced forms of care in association with parental body but fail to find a relationship with other types of care.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Our study shows that parental care behaviours, together with environmental context, influence the evolution of classic life-history trade-offs on a global scale. While the initial investment in eggs is driven primarily by temperature and oxygen content, hatchling size also reflects the impact of care an offspring has received throughout development. In support of the 'offspring-first' hypothesis, we find that an increase in hatch size drives the evolution of advanced care provision. </p>
Mitonuclear interactions and introgression genomics of macaque monkeys (Macaca) highlight the influence of behaviour on genome evolution
<p>In most macaques, females are philopatric and males migrate from their natal ranges, which results in pronounced divergence of mitochondrial genomes within and among species. We therefore predicted that some nuclear genes would have to acquire compensatory mutations to preserve compatibility with diverged interaction partners from the mitochondria. We additionally expected that these sex-differences would have distinctive effects on gene flow in the X and autosomes. Using new genomic data from 29 individuals from eight species of Southeast Asian macaque, we identified evidence of natural selection associated with mitonuclear interactions, including extreme outliers of interspecies differentiation and metrics of positive selection, low intraspecies polymorphism, and atypically long runs of homozygosity associated with nuclear-encoded genes that interact with mitochondria-encoded genes. In one individual with introgressed mitochondria, we detected a small but significant enrichment of autosomal introgression blocks from the source species of her mitochondria that contained genes that interact with mitochondria-encoded loci. Our analyses also demonstrate that sex-specific demography sculpts genetic exchange across multiple species boundaries. These findings show that behaviour can have profound but indirect effects on genome evolution by influencing how interacting components of different genomic compartments (mitochondria, the autosomes, the sex chromosomes) move through time and space.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.