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Fig. 4 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 4. Significant abiotic parameters (lunar illumination and wave height) vs. gnathiid density per trap. Lines represent negative binomial linear regressions with standard error margins.

Fig. 3 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 3. Box plots of gnathiid density (per trap) by trap type. Points represent outliers (>1.5x and <3x of the interquartile range beyond the end of the box; the maximum number of gnathiids collected in a light-baited sample (763) is not shown).

Fig. 2 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 2. Photograph of a juvenile (left) and adult male (right) Gnathia tridens collected during sampling. Adult male specimen was used for species identification (adult male photo and species identification was completed by Nico J. Smit at North-West University).

Fig. 5 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 5. Box plots of significant burst swimming performance metrics by fish size class and gnathiid treatment level. Points represent outliers (>1.5x and <3x of the interquartile range beyond the ends of boxes).

Fig. 1 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 1. Design schematic and photograph of in situ emergence trap used for sampling. A Control trap is illustrated. "Light-baited" and "Fish-baited" traps used the same design but contained a single submersible light (for light-baited) or a 60–90 mm giant kelpfish (for fish-baited) within the 1 L plastic bottle at the top of the traps.

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Figs. 2–4 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico

Figs. 2–4. Species richness, diversity profiles, and rank–abundance curves. Fig. 2. Comparison of the richness of woody plants at a sampling coverage of 90% and of ants at 85% coverage, among 5 fragments of tropical montane cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico. Statistical differences are considered when 95% confidence intervals do not overlap, whereas no differences are assumed when they do overlap, with an α = 0.05. Fig. 3. Diversity profiles of the ant assemblages of F1–F5 based on the equivalent species number. Statistical differences are considered when 95% confidence intervals do not overlap, whereas no differences are assumed when they do overlap, with an α = 0.05. Fig. 4. Rank–abundance curves of the ant assemblages of F1–F5. Total number of ant incidences in each fragment is 60 traps. Only those species with a relative abundance equal to or higher than 10% in a given fragment are shown. Ant species are numbered in accordance with Table 2.

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Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico

Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5. Dendrogram of hierarchical standardized clustering based on the SØrensen similarity index of the studied fragments. The cophenetic correlation coefficient of the cluster is 0.89. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF. Fig. 6. Linkage tree analysis (LINKTREE) showing divisive clustering of fragments (F1–F5) from species compositions constrained by inequalities on one or more environmental variables. Only binary partitions of uncorrelated environmental variables are shown in the cluster. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF.

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Fig. 1 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico

Fig. 1. Location of the study area in central Veracruz, Mexico. The black polygons indicate the selected fragments (F1–F5) of tropical montane cloud forest.

Fig. 2 in Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient

Fig. 2. Average position of species occurrence along the gradient of habitat structure (dark circles). The horizontal bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean position of each species, and the vertical bars at the bottom of the graph represent the position of each stream along the habitat gradient (axis 1 of RLQ). Species codes are presented in Table 2.

Fig. 1 in Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient

Fig. 1. Location of the study area in the northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil (black area on the country map), showing the 91 streams sampled.

Fig. 3 in Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient

Fig. 3. Pearson correlation between the stream scores of the first RLQ axis and the original values of the environmental variables. All correlations were significant (Pearson correlation, P <0.05), except for the proportion of bedrock in the substrate (triangle).

Fig. 4 in Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient

Fig. 4. Functional traits significantly correlated with the first RLQ axis (Pearson correlation, P <0.005). In each graph, the first RLQ axis represents streams with banks covered by grasses and sandy bottom (less complex) and streams with banks covered by trees/shrubs and bottom with rocks/woody debris (more complex).

Spreadsheet Template for Habitat Data for Aquatic Invertebrates

Spreadsheet template for <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13320933">Habitat data for aquatic invertebrates</a>

Habitat data for aquatic invertebrates

Habitat data for aquatic invertebrates from the following sources: Corbet, P.S., Suhling, F., Soendgerath, D., 2006. Voltinism of Odonata: a review. International Journal of Odonatology 9, 1–44. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2006.9748261">https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2006.9748261 </a> Houghton DC. 2012. Biological diversity of the Minnesota caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera). Zookeys 189:1-389. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.189.2043">https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.189.2043 </a> Vieira, N. K., Poff, N. L., Carlisle, D. M., Moulton, S. R., Koski, M. L., & Kondratieff, B. C. (2006). A database of lotic invertebrate traits for North America. US Geological Survey Data Series, 187, 1-15. <a href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds187/">https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds187/</a>

Spreadsheet Template for Habitat Data for Fungi

Spreadsheet template for <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13320905">Habitat data for fungi</a>

Habitat data for fungi

Data on habitats of fungi derived from the following sources: Hassett, B., Vonnahme, T., Peng, X., Jones, E. and Heuzé, C. (2020) Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi. Botanica Marina, Vol. 63 (Issue 2), pp. 121-139. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2018-0113">https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2018-0113 </a> He, M.-Q., Zhao, R.-L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Sánchez-Ramírez, S., Vellinga, E.C., Halling, R., Papp, V., Zmitrovich, I.V., Buyck, B., Ertz, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Cui, B.-K., Schoutteten, N., Liu, X.-Z., Li, T.-H., Yao, Y.-J., Zhu, X.-Y., Liu, A.-Q., Li, G.-J., Zhang, M.-Z., Ling, Z.-L., Cao, B., Antonín, V., Boekhout, T., da Silva, B.D.B., De Crop, E., Decock, C., Dima, B., Dutta, A.K., Fell, J.W., Geml, J., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., Gibertoni, T.B., Gorjón, S.P., Haelewaters, D., He, S.-H., Hodkinson, B.P., Horak, E., Hoshino, T., Justo, A., Lim, Y.W., Menolli, N., Me&scaron;ić, A., Moncalvo, J.-M., Mueller, G.M., Nagy, L.G., Nilsson, R.H., Noordeloos, M., Nuytinck, J., Orihara, T., Ratchadawan, C., Rajchenberg, M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sulzbacher, M.A., Tkalčec, Z., Valenzuela, R., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Wei, T.-Z., Weiß, M., Zhao, C.-L., Kirk, P.M., 2019. Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity 99, 105–367. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4 </a> Jones EBG, Pang KL, Abdel-Wahab MA, Scholz B, Hyde KD, Boekhout T, Ebel R, Rateb ME, Henderson L, Sakayaroj J, Suetrong S, Dayarathne MC, Kumar V, Raghukumar S, Sridhar KR, Bahkali AHA, Gleason FH, Norphanphoun C (2019) An online resource for marine fungi. Fungal Divers 96:347–433. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00426-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00426-5 </a> Jones, E.B.G., Suetrong, S., Sakayaroj, J., Bahkali, A.H., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Boekhout, T., Pang, K.-L., 2015. Classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Fungal Diversity 73, 1–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4 </a> Tibell, Sanja, Leif Tibell, Ka-Lai Pang, Mark Calabon & E. B. Gareth Jones (2020) Marine fungi of the Baltic Sea, Mycology, 11:3, 195-213. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1729886">https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1729886 </a> Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Hawksworth, D.L., Madrid, H., Kirk, P.M., Braun, U., Singh, R.V., Crous, P.W., Kukwa, M., Lücking, R., Kurtzman, C.P., Yurkov, A., Haelewaters, D., Aptroot, A., Lumbsch, H.T., Timdal, E., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Phillips, A.J.L., Groenewald, J.Z., Papizadeh, M., Selbmann, L., Dayarathne, M.C., Weerakoon, G., Jones, E.B.G., Suetrong, S., Tian, Q., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Bahkali, A.H., Pang, K.-L., Tanaka, K., Dai, D.Q., Sakayaroj, J., Hujslová, M., Lombard, L., Shenoy, B.D., Suija, A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Thambugala, K.M., Wanasinghe, D.N., Sharma, B.O., Gaikwad, S., Pandit, G., Zucconi, L., Onofri, S., Egidi, E., Raja, H.A., Kodsueb, R., Cáceres, M.E.S., Pérez-Ortega, S., Fiuza, P.O., Monteiro, J.S., Vasilyeva, L.N., Shivas, R.G., Prieto, M., Wedin, M., Olariaga, I., Lateef, A.A., Agrawal, Y., Fazeli, S.A.S., Amoozegar, M.A., Zhao, G.Z., Pfliegler, W.P., Sharma, G., Oset, M., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Takamatsu, S., Bensch, K., de Silva, N.I., De Kesel, A., Karunarathna, A., Boonmee, S., Pfister, D.H., Lu, Y.-Z., Luo, Z.-L., Boonyuen, N., Daranagama, D.A., Senanayake, I.C., Jayasiri, S.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Zeng, X.-Y., Doilom, M., Quijada, L., Rampadarath, S., Heredia, G., Dissanayake, A.J., Jayawardana, R.S., Perera, R.H., Tang, L.Z., Phukhamsakda, C., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Ma, X., Tibpromma, S., Gusmao, L.F.P., Weerahewa, D., Karunarathna, S.C., 2017. Notes for genera: Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 86, 1–594. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0</a>

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FIGURE 3 in Habitat modification driven by land use as an environmental filter on the morphological traits of neotropical stream fish fauna

FIGURE 3 | Representation of significant associations (p <0.05) identified by the fourth-corner method in the factorial map of the RLQ analysis. Red denotes a positive relationship between morphological traits and environmental variables, blue indicates a negative relationship, and grey represents nonsignificant relationships. Codes: Cond: Conductivity, Rock: Rocky substrate, Woody: Woody debris, Turb: Turbidity, Backw: Backwater, DO: Dissolved Oxygen, Temp: Temperature. See acronyms for the morphological traits in Tab. S3.

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FIGURE 1 in Habitat modification driven by land use as an environmental filter on the morphological traits of neotropical stream fish fauna

FIGURE 1 | Study area. Location of sampling sites according with land use covers: S1 -Manoel Gomes, S2 - Pedregulho, S3 - Arquimedes, S4 - Bom Retiro, S5 - Rio da Paz, S6 - Nene, S7 - Cascavel, S8 - Afluente do Quati, and S9 - Quati.

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FIGURE 2 in Habitat modification driven by land use as an environmental filter on the morphological traits of neotropical stream fish fauna

FIGURE 2 | Relationship between morphological traits and environmental variables of the first two axes of the RLQ of the species along the lower Iguaçu River. The figures of the fish were added to illustrate the species. Codes: Woody: Woddy debris, Cond: Conductivity, Rocky: Rocky substrate, Turb: Turbidity, Backw: Backwater, DO: Dissolved Oxygen, Temp: Temperature, Anc: Ancystrus sp., Syn: Synbranchus sp., Hyp: Hypostomus sp., Hep: Heptapterus sp., Cam: Cambeva sp., Cor: Corydoras sp., Rha: Rhamdia sp., Geo: Geophagus sp., Ast: Astyanax sp., Psa: Psalidodon sp., Bry: Bryconamericus sp., Gym: Gymnotus sp., Hop: Hoplias sp., Pha: Phalloceros sp., Poe: Poecilia sp.