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Figures 68–78 in Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO1 and 16S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene

Figures 68–78. Ixchela purepecha sp. nov. Male: 68, 69, Habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. 70, Carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. 71, Chelicerae, frontal view. 72, 73, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views, respectively. 74, Chelicera, lateral view. Female: 75, Epigynum, left lateral view. 76, Epigynum, ventral view. 77, Epigynum, anterior–dorsal view. 78, Epigynum, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Figs 71, 74, 75, 77), 1 mm (Figs 68, 69, 72, 73, 76, 78).

Figures 45–55 in Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO1 and 16S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene

Figures 45–55. Ixchela jalisco sp. nov. Male: 45, 46, Habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. 47, Carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. 48, Chelicerae, frontal view. 49, 50, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views, respectively. 51, Chelicera, lateral view. Female: 52, Epigynum, left lateral view. 53, Epigynum, ventral view. 54, Epigynum, dorsal view. 55, Epigynum, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Figs 48, 51, 52, 54, 55), 1 mm (Figs 45–47, 49, 50, 53).

Figures 56–67 in Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO1 and 16S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene

Figures 56–67. Ixchela mendozai sp. nov. Male: 56, 57, Habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. 58, Carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. 59, Chelicerae, frontal view. 60, 61, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views, respectively. 62, Chelicera, lateral view. 63, Bulb and embolus, prolatero-dorsal view (arrow indicates the curved and sharp subdistally sclerotized spine). Female: 64, Epigynum, ventral view. 65, Epigynum, dorsal view. 66, Epigynum, left lateral view. 67, Epigynum, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Figs 58, 59, 62–67), 1 mm (Figs 56, 57, 60, 61).

Figures 34–44 in Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO1 and 16S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene

Figures 34–44. Ixchela azteca sp. nov. Male: 34, 35, Habitus, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. 36, Carapace and chelicerae, frontal view. 37, Chelicerae, frontal view. 38, 39, Left palp, retrolateral and prolateral views, respectively. 40, Chelicera, lateral view. Female: 41, Epigynum, left lateral view. 42, Epigynum, ventral view. 43, Epigynum, dorsal view. 44, Epigynum, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Figs 42, 43), 1 mm (Figs 34–41, 44).

Figures 26–33 in Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO1 and 16S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene

Figures 26–33. Ixchela azteca sp. nov. Male. 26, Chelicerae, ventral view. 27, Left chelicerae, frontal view. 28, Right chelicerae, posterior view. 29, Left endite, ventral view (arrow indicates the serrated margin). 30, Detail of the serrated margin on endite. 31, Spinnerets, ventral view. 32, Detail of one anterior lateral spinneret (arrows indicate the slightly pointed spigot and the wide spigot). 33, Detail of one posterior median spinneret (arrows indicate the acciniform gland spigots). Scale bars: 50 μm (Figs 30, 32, 33), 100 μm (Figs 28, 29), 200 μm (Fig. 27), 300 μm (Fig. 31), 500 μm (Fig. 26).

Figure 2 in Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea

Figure 2. Parallelostrombidium ellipticum sp. nov. from life (A–F, J–R) and after protargol impregnation (G–I, S–Y). A, J, ventral views of typical specimen. B, L, dorsal views, arrowhead marks the extrosomes. C, P, detail views of the polygonal platelets. D, resting extrusomes. E, swimming trace. F, K, fat individual. G, pattern of somatic ciliature. H, I, ventral (H) and dorsal (I) views showing the ciliary pattern and the macronucleus. M, Q, apical views, arrows mark the thigmotactic membranelles. N, ventral view of anterior portion of cell, arrow marks the apical protrusion. O, detail of extrusomes attached above the girdle kinety, arrowheads mark the cilia of girdle kinety. R, S, posterior portion of cell, showing the distribution of extrusomes (arrowheads). T, detail view of the dikinetids in girdle kinety. U, Y, right lateral views to show the posterior portion of ventral and girdle kineties. V, ventral view showing the somatic kineties and the macronucleus. W, ventral views of anterior cell portion, to show the adoral zone of membranelles. X, detail of the oral primordium (arrow) in the early stage dividers. AM, anterior membranelles; E, extrusomes; EM, endoral membrane; GK, girdle kinety; Ma, macronucleus; TM, thigmotactic membranelles; VK, ventral kinety; VM, ventral membranelles. Scale bars: 100 μm (E); 30 μm (A, B, F–M, Q); 20 μm (N, R, S, U–W); 5 μm (C, D, O, P, T, X, Y).

Figure 6 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Atlantoscia (Oniscidea, Philosciidae): DNA barcoding and description of two new species

Figure 6. Histogram of pairwise distances divergence for Atlantoscia species (A) and automatic partition of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I data set of seven Atlantoscia species (B) as generated by automatic barcode gap discovery. The lower distance values (<0.05) represent intraspecific divergences, whereas higher distance values (> 0.12) represent interspecific divergences. Dist., distance.

Figure 4 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Atlantoscia (Oniscidea, Philosciidae): DNA barcoding and description of two new species

Figure 4. Atlantoscia meloi sp. nov., male paratype MZUSP 32628. A, pereopod 1; B, pereopod 7; C, uropod; D, genital papilla; E, pleopod 1; F, pleopod 2; G, pleopod 3 exopod; H, pleopod 4 exopod; I, pleopod 5 exopod.

Figure 3 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Atlantoscia (Oniscidea, Philosciidae): DNA barcoding and description of two new species

Figure 3. Atlantoscia meloi sp. nov., male holotype MZUSP 32627. A, habitus, dorsal view; male paratype MZUSP 32628; B, scale-seta; C, cephalothorax, frontal view; D, noduli laterales coordinates d/c; E, noduli laterales coordinates b/c; F, epimera 4; G, pleonite 4 and 5, pleotelson; H, antennule; I, antenna; J, left mandible; K, right mandible; L, maxillula; M, maxilla; N, maxilliped.

Figure 1 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Atlantoscia (Oniscidea, Philosciidae): DNA barcoding and description of two new species

Figure 1. Atlantoscia inflata sp. nov., male holotype MZUSP 32622. A, habitus, dorsal view; male paratype MZUSP 32623; B, scale-seta; C, cephalothorax, frontal view; D, cephalothorax, dorsal view; E, noduli laterales coordinates d/c; F, noduli laterales coordinates b/c; G, pleotelson; H, antennula; I, antenna; J, left mandible; K, right mandible; L, maxillula, outer endite; M, maxilla; N, maxilliped.

Figure 4 in Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea

Figure 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences indicating the phylogenetic positions of Parallelostrombidium obesum, Parallelostrombidium ellipticum, and Strombidium tropicum (orange dots). Numbers at the nodes represent support values in the following order: ML bootstrap values and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities. Nodes absent from one of the two phylogenies are indicated by a hyphen. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per ten nucleotides.

Figure 1 in Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea

Figure 1. Parallelostrombidium obesum sp. nov. from life (A–E, I–R) and after protargol impregnation (F–H, S–V). A, ventral view of typical specimen. B, I, J, different body shapes, arrow marks the apical protrusion. C, swimming trace. D, P, pattern of cortical platelets. E, O, Q, detail of extrusomes attached above the girdle kinety. F, pattern of somatic ciliature. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) views of the same specimens showing the ciliary pattern and the macronucleus. K, lateral view. L, N, ventral (L) and dorsal (N) views showing the distribution of extrusomes (arrowheads). M, two thigmotactic membranelles. R, detail of bases of thigmotactic membranelles (arrows). S, V, ventral views of anterior portion of cell showing oral membranelles. T, U, dorsal (T) and ventral (U) views showing the girdle and ventral kineties. AM, anterior membranelles; E, extrusomes; EM, endoral membrane; GK, girdle kinety; Ma, macronucleus; TM, thigmotactic membranelles; VK, ventral kinety; VM, ventral membranelles. Scale bars: 120 μm (C); 40 μm (A, B, F–K); 20 μm (L–N, S–V); 10 μm (D, E, O–R).

Figure 5. Consensus tree obtained from a 640 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Atlantoscia (Oniscidea, Philosciidae): DNA barcoding and description of two new species

Figure 5. Consensus tree obtained from a 640-bp alignment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences of the Atlantoscia species by using Bayesian inference. Numbers at nodes represent posterior probabilities values (1 000 000 generations). Clades highlighted by grey shading in the tree correspond to nominal species of Atlantoscia. Letters (a–k) represent the different individuals of terrestrial isopods analysed.

Figure 2 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Atlantoscia (Oniscidea, Philosciidae): DNA barcoding and description of two new species

Figure 2. Atlantoscia inflata sp. nov., male paratype MZUSP 32623. A, pereopod 1; B, pereopod 7; C, uropod; D, genital papilla; E, pleopod 1; F, pleopod 2; G, pleopod 3 exopod; H, pleopod 4 exopod; I, pleopod 5 exopod.

Figure 3 in Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea

Figure 3. Strombidium tropicum sp. nov. from life (A–D, J–P) and after protargol impregnation (E–I, Q–V). A, ventral view of a representative specimen. B, J–L, different body shapes, arrow marks the apical protrusion. C, P, resting extrusomes. D, swimming trace. E, detail of dikinetids, arrow and arrowhead mark the argyrophilic fibres associated with dikinetids in girdle and ventral kineties, respectively. F, detail of ventral membranelles and argyrophilic fibres. G–I, ventral (G, H) and dorsal (I) views showing the ciliary pattern and the macronucleus, arrow marks the argyrophilic fibres associated with adoral membranellar zone and arrowhead notes the pharyngeal fibres. M, ventral view of a mid-divider, arrow shows the oral primordium. N, apical view showing the adoral zone of membranelles. O, dorsal view showing the distribution of extrusomes (arrow). Q, the macronucleus. R, U, ventral views of adoral zone of membranelles, arrow marks the argyrophilic fibres. S, V, ventral and dorsal views of posterior portion of cells to show the infraciliature, arrow marks the extrosomes and arrowhead notes the hemitheca. T, detail of girdle kinety, arrow shows the argyrophilic fibres and arrowhead marks the cilium. AM, anterior membranelles; E, extrusomes; EM, endoral membrane; GK, girdle kinety; Ma, macronucleus; VK, ventral kinety; VM, ventral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm (D); 10 μm (A, B, G–L, N, O, Q), 5 μm (C, F, M, P, R, S, U, V), 2 μm (E, T).

FIGURE 2. Cleonini weevils. A in The first molecular phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Lixinae (Coleoptera Curculionidae) casts doubts on the monophyly of its tribes

FIGURE 2. Cleonini weevils. A: Asproparthenis sp.; B–D: Bothynoderes declivis adult (B), larva (C) and pupa (D) in Salsola sp.; E: Cleonis pigra on Carduus sp.; F: Conorhynchus sp.; G: Cyphocleonus sp.; H: Cyphocleonus achates in pupal cell in Centaurea diffusa; I: Eumecops fasciculifer; J: Leucomigus candidatus root gall on Artemisia sp.; K–L: Microcleonus panderi (K) and its habitat (L); M: Pleurocleonus sp.; N: Scaphomorphus vibex; O: Stephanocleonus sp. Localities: A, F, G, I, K–N: Mongolia; B–E, H: Ukraine; O: Kazakhstan. Images and copyright: Badamnyambuu Iderzorig (A, F, G, I, K–N) and Semyon Volovnik (B–E, H).

FIGURE 3 in The first molecular phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Lixinae (Coleoptera Curculionidae) casts doubts on the monophyly of its tribes

FIGURE 3. Representatives of all three Lixinae tribes and two possible Lixinae sister groups sequenced for the molecular analysis. Numbers at each image are specimen's unique sample IDs. Beetle habitus images are to scale.

FIGURE 1 in The first molecular phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Lixinae (Coleoptera Curculionidae) casts doubts on the monophyly of its tribes

FIGURE 1. Rhinocyllini (A) and Lixini (B–O) weevils. A: Rhinocyllus conicus and its exit hole on Centaurea sp.; B: Larinus centaurii larva in Centaurea sp.; C–E: La. vulpes on Echinops sp.; F: Lixus albomarginatus in a pupa cell in Cakile euxina; G: Li. bardanae on Rumex sp.; H: Li. canescens pupae in Crambe sp.; I: Li. cardui on Onopordum acanthium; J: Li. filiformis in a pupal cell in Carduus sp.; K: Li. incanescens larva in Chenopodium urbicum; L: Li. myagri female before ovipositing; M: Li. pulverulentus on Lactuca sp.; N: Exit hole of Li. subtilis on Amaranthus retroflexus; O: giant Lixus sp. Localities: A–H, J–N: Ukraine; I: Russia; O: Madagascar. Images and copyright: Semyon Volovnik (A–H, J–N).

FIGURE 7 in The first molecular phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Lixinae (Coleoptera Curculionidae) casts doubts on the monophyly of its tribes

FIGURE 7. Representatives of the Scaphomorphus clade sequenced for the molecular analysis, in dorsal and lateral views, together with a representative of the genus Lixoglyptus (imaged by Antoine Mantilleri, copyright: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France). Numbers at each image are specimen's unique sample IDs. Percent values in each rectangle indicate statistic support for nested relationships. Lateral image of Lixoglyptus is digitally mirrored.

FIGURE 6 in The first molecular phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Lixinae (Coleoptera Curculionidae) casts doubts on the monophyly of its tribes

FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood tree of monophyletic Lixinae reconstructed by RAxML from the three-fragment concatenated DNA dataset. Numbers at each image are specimen's unique sample IDs. Illustrated terminals are indicated with black arrows. Beetle habitus images are to scale.