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FIGURES 4A–C in Taxonomic revision of the troglophile Spariolenus spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) in South and West Asia
FIGURES 4A–C. Spariolenus bakasura sp. n., female holotype, India (SMF). A epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C right vulva, lateral. Abbreviations: AB—anterior band of epigynal field; SS—slit sensillum.
FIGURES 3A–C in Taxonomic revision of the troglophile Spariolenus spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) in South and West Asia
FIGURES 3A–C. Spariolenus bakasura sp. n., male paratype, India (BNHS). A–B left palp (A prolateral, B ventral); C embolus tip, ventral.
FIGURE 13 in Taxonomic revision of the troglophile Spariolenus spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) in South and West Asia
FIGURE 13. The distribution records map of all known Spariolenus species (studied here and revised to date) in South and West Asia. Localities for all new species described in this study are marked with a star.
FIGURES 5A, B in Taxonomic revision of the troglophile Spariolenus spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) in South and West Asia
FIGURES 5A, B. Spariolenus kabandha sp. n., female, India (NHM). A epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; arrow: diagnostic dorsal projection (bubble-shaped) of copulatory opening.
FIGURES 2A–D in Taxonomic revision of the troglophile Spariolenus spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) in South and West Asia
FIGURES 2A–D. Spariolenus omidvarbrothers sp. n., female paratype, Iran (SMF). A epigyne, ventral; B vulva, dorsal; C right vulva, lateral; D schematic course of internal duct system, lateral. Abbreviations: CO—Copulatory opening; EF—Epigynal field; EP—Epigynal pit; FC—First coil of vulva; FD—Fertilisation duct; LID—Lumen of internal duct system; MEP —Margin of epigynal pit; SC—Second coil of vulva; TC—Third coil of vulva.
FIGURES 1A–C in Taxonomic revision of the troglophile Spariolenus spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) in South and West Asia
FIGURES 1A–C. Spariolenus omidvarbrothers sp. n., male holotype, Iran (SMF). A–B left palp (A prolateral, B ventral); C Embolus tip, ventral. Abbreviations: BRB—Basal retrolateral bulge, C—Conductor, ET—embolus tip, PET—prolateral part of embolus, RET—retrolateral part of embolus, dRTA—dorsal part of retrolateral tibial apophysis, SP—spermophore, T— tegulum, vRTA—ventral part of retrolateral tibial apophysis.
FIGURES 15–20 in Cymbella alexandrovichii sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyceae), a new cymbelloid diatom species with predominantly biseriate striae from South-East Asia
FIGURES 15–20. Cymbella alexandrovichii sp. nov. SEM, type material, sample no. 01612. Internal valve surface. 15. The whole valve, note that the interstriae wider than striae (white arrows). 16–17. Details of the central areae, note the closed terminal nodule (16–17, black arrows); interstriae wider than striae (16, white arrows); rounded or elongated stigmata openings, surrounded by fine ingrowths from their perimeter (16–17, white arrowheads). 18. Internal structure of striae, note the Voigt discontinuity (18, white arrow). Alveolate striae are located in depressions between interstriae (virgae) (18, black arrows) and occlusions are absent. 19–20. Details of the apices, note the APFs (19–20, black arrows); helictoglossa (19–20, black arrowheads); the interstriae that are narrower than striae (19–20, white arrows). Scale bars = 5 µm (Fig. 15), 2 µm (Fig. 16), 1 µm (Figs 17–20).
FIGURES 1–8 in Cymbella alexandrovichii sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyceae), a new cymbelloid diatom species with predominantly biseriate striae from South-East Asia
FIGURES 1–8. Cymbella alexandrovichii sp. nov. LM, DIC, type material, slide no. 01612. Fig. 2 represents the holotype. 1–6. Size diminution series. 7. Details of the central area. 8. Details of the valve end. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 1–6), 2 μm (Figs 7–8).
FIGURES 9–14 in Cymbella alexandrovichii sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyceae), a new cymbelloid diatom species with predominantly biseriate striae from South-East Asia
FIGURES 9–14. Cymbella alexandrovichii sp. nov. SEM, type material, sample no. 01612. External valve surface. 9. The whole valve, note the slightly widened central branches of the raphe (white arrowheads); terminal raphe fissure (black arrowhead); Voigt discontinuities (black arrow). 10–12. Details of the central area, note the slightly widened central branches of the raphe (10, white arrowheads); biseriate (10, black arrowheads) and uniseriate striae (11, white arrowheads) with single slit-like (12, white arrows) or round (11–12, white arrowheads) areolae; ventral stigmata (10–11, black arrows). 13–14. Details of the apices, note the terminal raphe fissure (13, black arrowhead); biseriate striae on the valve mantle (13–14, black arrows); apical pore field (13–14, white arrowhead). Scale bars = 10 µm (Fig. 9), 2 µm (Figs 10, 12), 1 µm (Figs 11, 13–14).
82 Block--63k or 50k scale Maps of South Asia
<p>6 maps of the Survey of India covering block 82.</p>
63 Block--63k or 50k scale Maps of South Asia--additional 1--20240105
<p>98 new map files to add to the set of 63k/50k Maps of South Asia, Block 63. </p>
54 Block--63k or 50k scale Maps of South Asia--additional 1--20240105
<p>98 new map files to add to the set of 63k/50k Maps of South Asia, Block 54.</p>
44 Block--63k or 50k scale Maps of South Asia--additional 1--20240105
<p>98 new map files to add to the set of 63k/50k Maps of South Asia, Block 44.</p>
57 Block--63k or 50k scale Maps of South Asia--additional 1--20240105
<p>97 new map files to add to the set of 63k/50k Maps of South Asia, Block 57.</p>
64 Block--63k or 50k scale Maps of South Asia--additional 1--20240105
<p>98 new map files to add to ythe set of 63k/50k Maps of South Asia, Block 64.</p>
Supporting datasets for the article Using rare event algorithms to understand the statistics and dynamics of extreme heatwave seasons in South Asia
<h3>Supporting datasets for the article<em><strong> Using rare event algorithms to understand the statistics and dynamics of extreme heatwave seasons in South Asia, </strong></em>submitted to <em>Environmental Research: Climate</em></h3> <p> </p> <p>The dataset contains all intermediate data used for the article. The raw outputs of the model may be available upon reasonable request to clement.lpr@gmail.com</p> <p>The climate model Plasim can be downloaded, together with its documentation, from the webpage of the « Theoretische Meteorologie » group at the University of Hamburg: <a href="https://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/en/arbeitsgruppen/theoretische-meteorologie/modelle/plasim.html">https://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/en/arbeitsgruppen/theoretische-meteorologie/modelle/plasim.html</a></p> <p>The three jupyter notebooks <a href="../api/records/10888194/draft/files/Figures_article_archive.ipynb/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Figures_article_archive.ipynb</a>, <a href="../api/records/10888194/draft/files/Zg500_maps_article_archive.ipynb/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Zg500_maps_article_archive.ipynb</a>, <a href="../api/records/10888194/draft/files/Correlation_maps_3days_ERA5_Plasim_archive.ipynb/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Correlation_maps_3days_ERA5_Plasim_archive.ipynb</a> contain the analysis and code used to produce the figures in the article.</p> <p><strong><a href="../api/records/10888194/draft/files/pyscripts.tar/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pyscripts.tar</a> </strong>contains 4 python utilities, <em>data_proceeding_module.py, plot_routines.py, subseasonal_stats_utilities.py, utilities_REA_analysis.py </em>that are imported by the notebooks.</p>
South Asia Index Maps--latest updates
<p>Index maps for Survey of India maps with scales of 253/250k, 126k, and 63/50k. </p>
Subspecies and Distribution. M. e. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 — Finland, Norway, NW Russia, and Sweden. M. e. aestiva Kerr, 1792 — most of mainland N & C Europe to C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. M. e. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — S Alaska. M. e. anguinae Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I, British Columbia). M. e. arctica Merriam, 1896 — Alaska and NW Canada. M. e. bangsi Hall, 1945 — C Canada and NC USA. M. e. celenda Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Prince of Wales I). M.e. cicognanii Bonaparte, 1838 — SE Canada and NE USA. M. e. fallenda Hall, 1945 — W Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (N Washington). M. e. ferghanae Thomas, 1895 — Afghanistan, N India, and Pakistan. M.e. gulosa Hall, 1945 — NW USA (E Washington). M.e. haidarum Preble, 1898 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is, British Columbia). M.e. hibernica Thomas & Barrett-Hamilton, 1895 — Ireland. M.e. imatis Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Baranof I). M.e. invicta Hall, 1945 — SW Canada (Alberta) and NW USA (Idaho & Montana). M.e. kadiacensis Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak I). M.e. kaneti Baird, 1857 — NE China, Russia (E Siberia). M.e. karaginensis Jurgenson, 1936 — NE Russia (Karaginsky I). M.e. lymani Hollister, 1912 — E Russia (Altai Mts, Siberia). M.e. minima Cavazza, 1912 — Switzerland. M.e. mongolica Ognev, 1928 — NW China and Mongolian Altai. M. e. muricus Bangs, 1899 — USA (N California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah & Wyoming). M. e. nippon Cabrera, 1913 — Japan. M.e. olympica Hall, 1945 — NW USA (Olympic Peninsula, Washington). M.e. polaris Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Greenland. M.e.richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838 — N Canada. M.e. ricinae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Scotland (Islay I). M.e.salva Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Admiralty I). M.e.seclusa Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Suemez I). M.e.sempler Sutton & Hamilton, 1932 — Canada (Franklin & Keewatin Districts). M.e.stabilis Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Great Britain. M.e.streatori Merriam, 1896 — W USA (NE California, Oregon & coastal Washington). M.e.teberdina Kornejv, 1941 — Russian Caucasus. M.e. tobolica Ognev, 1923 — W Siberia. Introduced to New Zealand. in Mustelidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M. e. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 — Finland, Norway, NW Russia, and Sweden. M. e. aestiva Kerr, 1792 — most of mainland N & C Europe to C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. M. e. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — S Alaska. M. e. anguinae Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I, British Columbia). M. e. arctica Merriam, 1896 — Alaska and NW Canada. M. e. bangsi Hall, 1945 — C Canada and NC USA. M. e. celenda Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Prince of Wales I). M.e. cicognanii Bonaparte, 1838 — SE Canada and NE USA. M. e. fallenda Hall, 1945 — W Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (N Washington). M. e. ferghanae Thomas, 1895 — Afghanistan, N India, and Pakistan. M.e. gulosa Hall, 1945 — NW USA (E Washington). M.e. haidarum Preble, 1898 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is, British Columbia). M.e. hibernica Thomas & Barrett-Hamilton, 1895 — Ireland. M.e. imatis Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Baranof I). M.e. invicta Hall, 1945 — SW Canada (Alberta) and NW USA (Idaho & Montana). M.e. kadiacensis Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak I). M.e. kaneti Baird, 1857 — NE China, Russia (E Siberia). M.e. karaginensis Jurgenson, 1936 — NE Russia (Karaginsky I). M.e. lymani Hollister, 1912 — E Russia (Altai Mts, Siberia). M.e. minima Cavazza, 1912 — Switzerland. M.e. mongolica Ognev, 1928 — NW China and Mongolian Altai. M. e. muricus Bangs, 1899 — USA (N California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah & Wyoming). M. e. nippon Cabrera, 1913 — Japan. M.e. olympica Hall, 1945 — NW USA (Olympic Peninsula, Washington). M.e. polaris Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Greenland. M.e.richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838 — N Canada. M.e. ricinae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Scotland (Islay I). M.e.salva Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Admiralty I). M.e.seclusa Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Suemez I). M.e.sempler Sutton & Hamilton, 1932 — Canada (Franklin & Keewatin Districts). M.e.stabilis Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Great Britain. M.e.streatori Merriam, 1896 — W USA (NE California, Oregon & coastal Washington). M.e.teberdina Kornejv, 1941 — Russian Caucasus. M.e. tobolica Ognev, 1923 — W Siberia. Introduced to New Zealand.
Distribution. Wide distribution in the Palearctic: from Europe to Russian Far East, North and South Korea, and Japan; also N Africa, Middle East, C Asia, Sub-Himalayan zone, S India, Sri Lanka, C, E & S China, Taiwan, Indochina, and Sumatra. in Mustelidae
Distribution. Wide distribution in the Palearctic: from Europe to Russian Far East, North and South Korea, and Japan; also N Africa, Middle East, C Asia, Sub-Himalayan zone, S India, Sri Lanka, C, E & S China, Taiwan, Indochina, and Sumatra.
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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