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1,316 results for “Trade”
Data from: Linking intra-specific trait variation to community abundance dynamics improves ecological predictability by revealing a growth-defence trade-off
1.Intraspecific trait change, including altered behaviour or morphology, can drive temporal variation in inter-specific interactions and population dynamics. In turn, variation in species' interactions and densities can alter the strength and direction of trait change. The resulting feedback between species′ traits and abundance permits a wide range of community dynamics that would not be expected from ecological theories purely based on species abundances. Despite the theoretical importance of these interrelated processes, unambiguous experimental evidence of how intraspecific trait variation modifies species interactions and population dynamics and how this feeds back to influence trait variation is currently required. 2.We investigate the role of trait-mediated demography in determining community dynamics and examine how ecological interactions influence trait change. We concurrently monitored the dynamics of community abundances and individual traits in an experimental microbial predator-prey-resource system. Using this data, we parameterized a trait dependent community model to identify key ecologically relevant traits and to link trait dynamics with those of species abundances. 3.Our results provide clear evidence of a feedback between trait change, demographic rates and species dynamics. The inclusion of trait-abundance feedbacks into our population model improved the predictability of ecological dynamics from r-squared of 34% to 57% and confirmed theoretical expectations of density dependent population growth and species interactions in the system. 4.Additionally, our model revealed that the feedbacks were underpinned by a trade-off between population growth and anti-predatory defence. High predator abundance was linked to a reduction in prey body size. This prey size decrease was associated with a reduction in its rate of consumption by predators and a decrease in its resource consumption. 5.Modelling trait-abundance feedbacks allowed us to pinpoint the underlying life history trade-off which links trait and abundance dynamics. These results show that accounting for trait-abundance feedbacks has the potential to improve understanding and predictability of ecological dynamics.
Data from: Soil management shapes ecosystem service provision and trade-offs in agricultural landscapes
Agroecosystems are principally managed to maximize food provisioning even if they receive a large array of supporting and regulating ecosystem services (ESs). Hence, comprehensive studies investigating the effects of local management and landscape composition on the provision of and trade-offs between multiple ESs are urgently needed. We explored the effects of conservation tillage, nitrogen fertilization and landscape composition on six ESs (crop production, disease control, soil fertility, water quality regulation, weed and pest control) in winter cereals. Conservation tillage enhanced soil fertility and pest control, decreased water quality regulation and weed control, without affecting crop production and disease control. Fertilization only influenced crop production by increasing grain yield. Landscape intensification reduced the provision of disease and pest control. We also found tillage and landscape composition to interactively affect water quality regulation and weed control. Under N fertilization, conventional tillage resulted in more trade-offs between ESs than conservation tillage. Our results demonstrate that soil management and landscape composition affect the provision of several ESs and that soil management potentially shapes the trade-offs between them
Data from: Thrifty phenotype vs cold adaptation: trade-offs in upper limb proportions of Himalayan populations of Nepal
The multi-stress environment of high altitude has been associated with growth deficits in humans, particularly in zeugopod elements (forearm, lower leg). This is consistent with the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, which has been observed in Andeans, but has yet to be tested in other high altitude populations. In Himalayan populations, other factors, such as cold stress, may shape limb proportions. The current study investigated whether relative upper limb proportions of Himalayan adults (n=254) differ between highland and lowland populations, and whether cold adaptation or a thrifty phenotype mechanism may be acting here. Height, weight, humerus length, ulna length, hand length, and hand width were measured using standard methods. Relative to height, total upper limb and ulna lengths were significantly shorter in highlanders compared to lowlanders in both sexes, whilst hand and humerus length were not. Hand width did not significantly differ between populations. These results support the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, as hand and humerus proportions are conserved at the expense of the ulna. The reduction in relative ulna length could be attributed to cold adaptation, but the lack of difference between populations in both hand length and width indicate that cold adaptation is not shaping hands proportions in this case.
Data from: Aging, mortality, and the fast growth trade-off of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Replicative aging has been demonstrated in asymmetrically dividing unicellular organisms, seemingly caused by unequal damage partitioning. Although asymmetric segregation and inheritance of potential aging factors also occurs in symmetrically dividing species, it nevertheless remains controversial whether this results in aging. Based on large-scale single-cell lineage data obtained by time-lapse microscopy with a microfluidic device, in this report, we demonstrate the absence of replicative aging in old-pole cell lineages of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cultured under constant favorable conditions. By monitoring more than 1,500 cell lineages in seven different culture conditions, we showed that both cell division and death rates are remarkably constant for at least 50–80 generations. Our measurements revealed that the death rate per cellular generation increases with division rate, pointing to a physiological trade-off with fast growth under balanced growth conditions. We also observed the formation and inheritance of Hsp104-associated protein aggregates, which are a potential aging factor in old-pole cell lineages, and found that these aggregates exhibited a tendency to preferentially remain at the old-poles for several generations. However, the aggregates were eventually segregated from old-pole cells upon cell division and probabilistically allocated to new-pole cells. We found that cell deaths were typically preceded by sudden acceleration of protein aggregation, thus relatively large amount of protein aggregates existed at the very ends of the dead cell lineages. Our lineage tracking analyses, however, revealed that the quantity and inheritance of protein aggregates increased neither cellular generation time nor cell death initiation rates. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that unusually large amounts of protein aggregates induced by oxidative stress exposure did not result in aging; old-pole cells resumed normal growth upon stress removal, despite the fact that most of them inherited significant quantities of aggregates. These results collectively indicate that protein aggregates are not a major determinant of triggering cell death in S. pombe, and thus cannot be an appropriate molecular marker or index for replicative aging under both favorable and stressful environmental conditions.
Optimization of global crop distribution could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by one third but requires expanding international trade
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EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVERTISING ACTIVITY OF TRADE ORGANIZATIONS AND WAYS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT
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The trade data of potassium salt
<p>The data set includes original trade data and results data from complex network analysis.</p>
Testing the trade balance model_ raw data_NP
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Live cell imaging reveals the trade-off between target search flexibility and efficiency for Cas9 and Cas12a
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Figure 3 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227
Figure 3 WI User Interfaces: UI3. In the UI3, countries involved in the query can be selected (I and J). Input data from UI3 are included in the query by clicking "Next" (K).
Figure 5 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227
Figure 5 A screenshot of the BACI SQLite database builder workflow. The workflow presented here is organised into two main sections, with interconnected KNIME nodes displayed in each section. The yellow-boxed nodes are responsible for creating and loading the database where the data are stored. The green-boxed section shows: Locate BACI csv files (BACI files must have been previously downloaded and stored in a folder that is pointed in the "List Files/Folders" KNIME node). Split the files according to the HS data provided and Load csv files, filtering and storage in SQLite database (carried out in each consecutive metanode). In this last section, the user can decide not to filter the data or customise the filter criteria of the BACI database, including more types of data apart from those agrifood data that are included in the default configuration of the workflow. Variable flow connections (red lines) can be removed in the second green-boxed section, if an HPC (High Performance Computing) service is available. This will allow the workflow to run much faster as the nodes will not be executed one after the other, but all at the same time.
Figure 4 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227
Figure 4 WI User Interfaces: UI4. The UI4 provides an overview of the final WI outputs, displaying a list with the initial input variables (L), three maps displaying trade flows (a world map, a world map focused on Europe and an European map) (M), download options (N), slide filter bars for value and weight preview (O) and trade flow data in the preview table (P).
Figure 1 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227
Figure 1 WI User Interfaces: UI1. In the UI1, users can select the desired database (EUROSTAT/BACI) (A). The database selection is concluded by clicking "Next" (B), which will lead the user to the following UI.
Figure 2 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227
Figure 2 User Interfaces: UI2. In the UI2, the following input options can be selected: standard selection (C), time range of the search (D), the email option (E), the pre-filter option (F) and the table with the embedded live filter (G). Input data from UI2 are processed by clicking "Next" (H).
Optimizing Forest Restoration: a holistic spatial approach to deliver Nature's Contributions to People with minimal trade-offs and maximal equity
<p>The datasets in this repository are the results of the study titled "Optimizing Forest Restoration: a holistic spatial approach to deliver Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) with minimal trade-offs and maximal equity". The study shows that forest restoration plans aimed at joint achievement of multiple NCP have minimal trade-offs between the NCP, optimize areas evenly across the potential restoration area considered and have maximal equity considering socioeconomically disadvantaged people in India, when compared to single NCP forest restoration plans. There are 3 NCP considered- climate change mitigation (MtC), biodiversity value NCP (number of forest depenend mamm species of 56 forest mammals considered, who restoration area target will be met)) and people NCP (number of people to whom livelihoods, energy and housing contruction material will be delivered). Single NCP forest restoration plans aim at only one of the three NCP considered at a time while the integrated plan is aimed at joint achievement of all three NCP. The peer-reviewed publication will be linked here after the peer-review process. <br><br>There are 5 datasets in this repository. The first titled opportunearea_10km_resample.tif is the potential forest restoration area considered in this study. The pixel values indicate the amount of potential forest restoration area within that pixel in sqm. The remaining 4 datasets are zipped files indicating each of the forest restoration plans considered. In each zipped file there are 100 raster files (.tif format). Each of the rasters provide the forest restoration area (first dataset) optimized for the respective type of forest restoration plan in 1% increments of the total potential restoration area. The naming format followed for each of these rasters is Y_NCPtype_optimality.tif, where Y is 1-100 and NCPType is either Biodiveristy, People, Carbon or Integrated. The pixel values in each of the rasters have a range of 0-1, where 0 means that restoration area (pixel) is not optimized for delivery of the respective NCP for that increment of total potential restoration area and 1 means the entire restoration area (pixel) has been optimized for delivery of the respective NCP. Proportional pixel values indicate that the respective proportion of the restoration area is optimal. <br><br>All rasters have pixel dimensions of 10 km x 10k (333, 325, 1 (nrow, ncol, nlyr)) with raster extent 7590450, 10840450, 902100, 4232100 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax) and WGS 1984 Psuedo Mercator (EPSG: 3857) coordinate reference system.</p>
INVISIBLE WEAPON: THE IMPACT OF TRADE POLICIES IN OUR MODERN WORLD
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Illicit Cigarette Trade and Tax evasion in Zambia Dataset 2023
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Supporting data for 'Sustainability trade-offs of solar PV tracking technologies'
<p>The dataset contains the data and code for the research 'High land costs favor fixed-tilt solar power'.</p>
structural transitions in Asia-Pacific trade networks: from the us-china trade war to the covid-19 pandemic
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GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR US TRADE POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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