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2,142 results for “by contact”
Fig. 1 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 1 Map of Pica pica s.l. subspecies. The study area in the contact zone is indicated by a rectangle. Question marks indicate regions of unclear subspecies distribution. The white star indicates the terra typica for Pica pica anderssoni in eastern China
Supplementary material 1 from: Yackel Adams AA, Nafus MG, Klug PE, Lardner B, Mazurek MJ, Savidge JA, Reed RN (2019) Contact rates with nesting birds before and after invasive snake removal: estimating the effects of trap-based control. NeoBiota 49: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.49.35592
: Data type: TIF File (.tif)
Contributions to the contact resistivity in fired tunnel-oxide passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells
<p>Data underlying the diagrams shown in the manuscript</p>
Contact Resistance in Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistors Measured by Confocal Photoluminescence Electro-Modulation Microscopy
<p>Although it is theoretically expected that all organic semiconductors support ambipolar charge transport, most organic transistors either transport holes or electrons effectively. Single-layer ambipolar organic field-effect transistors enable the investigation of different mechanisms in hole and electron transport in a single device since the device architecture provides a controllable planar pn-junction within the transistor channel. However, a direct comparison of the injection barriers and of the channel conductivities between electrons and holes within the same device cannot be measured by standard electrical characterization. This article introduces a novel approach for determining threshold gate voltages for the onset of the ambipolar regime from the position of the pn-junction observed by photoluminescence electro-modulation (PLEM) microscopy. Indeed, the threshold gate voltage in the ambipolar bias regime considers a vanishing channel length, thus correlating the contact resistance. PLEM microscopy is a valuable tool to directly compare the contact and channel resistances for both carrier types in the same device. The reported results demonstrate that designing the metal/organic–semiconductor interfaces by aligning the bulk metal Fermi levels to the highest occupied molecular orbital or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of the organic semiconductors is a too simplistic approach for optimizing the charge-injection process in organic field-effect devices</p>
BRD4-mediated epigenetic regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites is governed by the mitochondrial complex III
<p>This is a high content drug screening dataset composed of images and single-cell analysis results from a 384-well plate </p> <p>The SPLICS reporter is composed of a split GFP1-10 barrel localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane, a P2A self-cleavage signal for equimolar expression, and the remaining beta11 fragment targeted to the ER membrane. Upon ERMCS formation within the 8-10 nm distance, the split-GFP reporter forms intact GFP. Doxycycline-inducible SPLICS reporter stable cell lines were generated via a three-plasmid PiggyBac transposase system. Cells were co-transfected with the plasmids using Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent, then the next day selected with 2 mg/ml of G418 (Geneticin) for 7 days. With the SPLICS integrated cells, mitochondrial TagRFP is expressed in them. For mitochondrial TagRFP labeling in cells, we utilized a lentiviral backbone and introduced a mitochondria matrix TagRFP (mitoTagRFP) to control for gene expression and monitor mitochondrial abundance. After mitoTagRFP integration, 100 ng/ml of doxycycline were used to induce SPLICS reporter expression, and GFP/TagRFP double positive cells were sorted on Bigfoot Spectral Cell Sorter (Invitrogen) to isolate GFP/TagRFP positive clones. Clones were cultured and screened for accurate localization of SPLICS reporter to mitochondria and ER via live cell imaging and for normal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Probe induction did not have a deleterious effect on cell number or increasing green fluorescence for at least 72 hours of reporter induction. For ERMCS analysis with SPLICS, cells will be induced with 100 ng/ml of doxycycline for minimally 24 hr before treatment or analysis.</p>
Secondary contacts and genetic admixture shape colonisation by an amphiatlantic epibenthic invertebrate
<p>Research on the genetics of invasive species often focuses on patterns of genetic diversity and population structure within the introduced range. However, a growing body of literature is demonstrating the need to study the native range, and how native genotypes affect both ecological and evolutionary mechanisms within the introduced range. Here we used genotyping-by-sequencing to study both native and introduced ranges [based on 1,653 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] of the amphiatlantic marine invertebrate <i>Ciona intestinalis</i>. A previous study using microsatellites analysed samples collected along the Swedish west coast and showed the presence of genetically distinct lineages in deep and shallow waters. Using our SNP data from newly collected samples (285 individuals), we first confirmed the presence of this depth-defined genomic divergence along the Swedish coast. We then used Approximate Bayesian Computation to infer the historical relationship among sites from the North Sea, the English Channel and the northwest Atlantic and found evidence of ancestral divergence between individuals from deep waters off Sweden and individuals from the English Channel. This divergence was followed by a secondary contact that led to a genetic admixture between the ancestral populations (i.e. deep Sweden and English Channel), which originated the genotypes found in shallow Sweden. We then revealed that the colonisation of <i>C. intestinalis</i> in the northwest Atlantic was as a result of an admixture between shallow Sweden and the English Channel genotypes across the introduced range. Our results showed the presence of both past and recent genetic admixture events that together may have promoted the successful colonisations of <i>C. intestinalis</i>. Our study suggests that secondary contacts potentially reshape the evolutionary trajectories of invasive species through the promotion of intraspecific hybridisation and by altering both colonisation patterns and their ecological effects in the introduced range.</p>
Data from: Social contact patterns can buffer costs of forgetting in the evolution of cooperation
Analyses of the evolution of cooperation often rely on two simplifying assumptions: (i) individuals interact equally frequently with all social network members and (ii) they accurately remember each partner's past cooperation or defection. Here, we examine how more realistic, skewed patterns of contact---in which individuals interact primarily with only a subset of their network's members---influence cooperation. In addition, we test whether skewed contact patterns can counteract the decrease in cooperation caused by memory errors (i.e., forgetting). Finally, we compare two types of memory error that vary in whether forgotten interactions are replaced with random actions or with actions from previous encounters. We use evolutionary simulations of repeated prisoner's dilemma games that vary agents' contact patterns, forgetting rates, and types of memory error. We find that highly skewed contact patterns foster cooperation and also buffer the detrimental effects of forgetting. The type of memory error used also influences cooperation rates. Our findings reveal previously neglected but important roles of contact patterns, type of memory error, and the interaction of contact pattern and memory on cooperation. Although cognitive limitations may constrain the evolution of cooperation, social contact patterns can counteract some of these constraints.
Data from: Revisiting the Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) contact zone: maternal and genome-wide nuclear variation provide support for secondary contact from historical refugia
Dissecting diversity patterns of organisms endemic to Iberia has been truly challenging for a variety of taxa, and the Iberian honey bee is no exception. Surveys of genetic variation in the Iberian honey bee are among the most extensive for any honey bee subspecies. From these, differential and complex patterns of diversity have emerged, which have yet to be fully resolved. Here, we used a genome-wide data set of 309 neutrally tested single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), scattered across the 16 honey bee chromosomes, which were genotyped in 711 haploid males. These SNPs were analysed along with an intergenic locus of the mtDNA, to reveal historical patterns of population structure across the entire range of the Iberian honey bee. Overall, patterns of population structure inferred from nuclear loci by multiple clustering approaches and geographic cline analysis were consistent with two major clusters forming a well-defined cline that bisects Iberia along a northeastern–southwestern axis, a pattern that remarkably parallels that of the mtDNA. While a mechanism of primary intergradation or isolation by distance could explain the observed clinal variation, our results are more consistent with an alternative model of secondary contact between divergent populations previously isolated in glacial refugia, as proposed for a growing list of other Iberian taxa. Despite current intense honey bee management, human-mediated processes have seemingly played a minor role in shaping Iberian honey bee genetic structure. This study highlights the complexity of the Iberian honey bee patterns and reinforces the importance of Iberia as a reservoir of Apis mellifera diversity.
Data from: We'll meet again: revealing distributional and temporal patterns of social contact
What are the dynamics and regularities underlying social contact, and how can contact with the people in one's social network be predicted? In order to characterize distributional and temporal patterns underlying contact probability, we asked 40 participants to keep a diary of their social contacts for 100 consecutive days. Using a memory framework previously used to study environmental regularities, we predicted that the probability of future contact would follow in systematic ways from the frequency, recency, and spacing of previous contact. The distribution of contact probability across the members of a person's social network was highly skewed, following an exponential function. As predicted, it emerged that future contact scaled linearly with frequency of past contact, proportionally to a power function with recency of past contact, and differentially according to the spacing of past contact. These relations emerged across different contact media and irrespective of whether the participant initiated or received contact. We discuss how the identification of these regularities might inspire more realistic analyses of behavior in social networks (e.g., attitude formation, cooperation).
Fig. 17. Habitats N in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 17. Habitats N of Steins, near the central transect (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 5; appendix 1), 23 August 1990. Top. Looking N (from low hill behind allelemobile in fig. 16, top) across the grassland that separates site 16 (marmoratus) and site 12 (largely punctilinealis; figs. 3, 49). Bottom. Looking NE at grassland and alkali flats, from same place as the top photograph.
Fig. 2. Site 49 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 2. Site 49 (appendix 2). Huerfano Butte (E side), Pima County, Arizona, about 43 km SSE Tucson, showing dramatic change in vegetation (desertification) in less than 70 years (based on Lowe et al., 1970a; their fig. 2). Top. About 1902, courtesy of Walter S. Phillips, University of Arizona Bottom. 16 March 1969.
Attractive forces slow contact formation between deformable bodies underwater
<p>Resized images for PDMS in contact with glass surface at different contact angles.</p>
Raw data repository for the article: Influence of Contacts and Applied Voltage on a Structure of a Single GaN Nanowire
<p>The archive NWrawdata.zip contains information about the raw data collected at P10 beamline at PETRA III during this experiment, which is shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6 of the main text.</p>
Figure 3 from: Matern A, Drees C, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Assmann T (2011) Historical ecology meets conservation and evolutionary genetics: a secondary contact zone between Carabus violaceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations inhabiting ancient and recent woodlands in north-western Germany. ZooKeys 100: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1546
Figure 3 - Correlogram showing the result of spatial autocorrelation analysis at three allozyme loci. Genetic distances D (Nei 1972) are indicated for the population pairs of the respective distance classes (squares). Dashed lines show the 95% confidence interval (1000 permutations) under the null hypothesis of spatially random differentiation. Significant deviations from the mean are indicated by filled squares (p < 0.05).
Figure 4 from: Matern A, Drees C, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Assmann T (2011) Historical ecology meets conservation and evolutionary genetics: a secondary contact zone between Carabus violaceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations inhabiting ancient and recent woodlands in north-western Germany. ZooKeys 100: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1546
Figure 4 - Maximum width of the aedeagus tip A and the quotient of maximum and minimum width of the aedeagus tip B are plotted for each population. Boxes display 25–75%- quartiles and bars indicate medians. Whiskers show the total range of values without outliers. Outliers are indicated as circles and extreme outliers as diamonds. Numbers of measured individuals per population are shown in brackets. Pie charts show frequencies of elytral sculpture classes "0" (white), "1" (grey), and "2" (black) in each population. Significant differences between populations are indicated by the lines marked with asterisks.
Figure 1 from: Matern A, Drees C, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Assmann T (2011) Historical ecology meets conservation and evolutionary genetics: a secondary contact zone between Carabus violaceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations inhabiting ancient and recent woodlands in north-western Germany. ZooKeys 100: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1546
Figure 1 - Carabus violaceus populations studied and proportion of specimens with different elytron sculptures (pie charts). White sections indicate the frequencies of smooth elytra, black sections indicate the frequencies of more than three striae per elytron, and grey sections indicate the frequencies of intermediate phenotypes, i.e. class "1". Numbers next to the pie charts indicate population number followed by sample size in brackets. The location of the study area is indicated as a white square on the map of Germany. Woodlands in the study region northwest of the town of Bramsche according to TK 50 3512 Bramsche (Landesvermessungsamt Niedersachsen 1998) are presented as striped patches. Size and position of ancient woodlands (black patches) are taken from the map by LeCoq (1805). In this study, these are called "Börsteler Wald" (in the north) and "Gehn" (in the south). White patches within woodlands indicate openings. Hedges are not shown.
Figure 2 from: Matern A, Drees C, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Assmann T (2011) Historical ecology meets conservation and evolutionary genetics: a secondary contact zone between Carabus violaceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations inhabiting ancient and recent woodlands in north-western Germany. ZooKeys 100: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1546
Figure 2 - Aedeagus tip of Carabus violaceus. 1 Maximum aedeagus width (AedMax), 2 minimum aedeagus width (AedMin), and 3 preputial field.
"Onset of post-cratering melting of target rocks at the impact melt contact: observations from the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa" µCT data
<p>µCT Dataset. </p>
Geometry of contact: contact planning for multi-legged robots via spin models duality
<p>SI video</p>
Antigen discrimination by T cells relies on size-constrained microvillar contacts
<p>Raw imaging data for publication with the same name. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.