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1,068 results for “demographic”
Trends in authorship demographics for manuscripts published in Endocrine journals: A 70-year analysis
<p><em><span>Background</span> </em></p> <p><span>Over the previous few decades, demographics, gender, and the amount of papers published have all changed considerably. One of the fields of medicine that has yet to be extensively investigated is endocrinology.</span> </p> <p><em><span>Material and Methods</span> </em></p> <p><span>Journal of Endocrinology and General & Comparative Endocrinology are two landmark journals that publish articles from around the world. We examined each decade during the 70-year period from 1961 to 2021. Funding source, first author – last author gender, their demographics and proportion of papers with at least one female author were the parameters considered while studying each publication. We predicted that the number of female authors per paper would increase with time, as would the range of degrees held by the authors, demographical variations in authorship, and the funding source. Our goal was also to determine the distribution of female first authors and senior authors in endocrinology journals over a 70-year period, as well as to check the gender combinations using the Punnett square. </span> </p> <p><em><span>Results</span> </em></p> <p><span>Female initial authors rose from 7% to 29.6% (p<0.0006) between 1961 and 2021, whereas female senior authors rose from 15.6% to 22.2%. Despite women's small contributions to first and senior authors, female participation rose from 17.48% (25/143) to 70% (170/250) between 1961 and 2021. Male-Female and Female-Male combinations rose with Chi-Square = 124.6, (p<0.0001). Europe and the Americas had the most female academic medical contributors (p<0.0001) Regardless of author status, female participation rose from 17.48% in 1961 to 68% in 2021.</span> </p> <p><em><span>Conclusion </span> </em></p> <p><span>In papers published in endocrinology journals, there was a rising trend in female contributions to academic medicine. Even with the large growth of female endocrinologists, there is still a disparity in why the increase in female authors is comparably fewer.</span> </p>
Lethal interactions among forest-grouse predators are numerous, motivated by hunger and carcasses, and their impacts determined by the demographic value of the victims
<p>New vertebrate communities are emerging in Europe following the recovery of multiple native predators to highly anthropized landscapes where predator control is still prevalent. While the lack of reference points for these communities creates novel challenges for conservationists and wildlife managers, they also provide opportunities to further our understanding of species interactions. Despite a growing body of evidence, many aspects of interactions among predators remain poorly understood, impairing our ability to anticipate the effects of such changes in predator communities. Through a systematic literature review, we gathered all the available evidence concerning the existence, strength, and demographic impacts of lethal predator interactions among forest grouse predators in Europe. We found a highly interconnected predator community, with 44 pairwise lethal interactions among 12 taxa. Three of these resulted in some degree of population suppression of the victim, while another three did not. However, most interactions (38) have not been evaluated for population suppression. Additionally, we highlight how predators interact simultaneously with a large range of other predators and identified at least two further species likely suppressed through the combined impacts of multiple predators. We propose that interactions causing demographic suppression are characterized by impacts on individuals with high survival elasticity, and that they are motivated by food limitation and additionally, in mammals, by competition for carcasses. Predator interactions, and our still poor understanding of them, introduce large uncertainties to conservation actions based on the management of predator abundances, which should be carefully evaluated.</p>
Demographic data along with a comparison of cardiac troponin-T and LDL-C: HDL-C Levels
<p>Demographic data along with a comparison of cardiac troponin-T and LDL-C: HDL-C Levels</p>
Demographic data along with questionnaires responses
<p>Demographic data along with questionnaires responses</p>
Demographic details, as well as questionnaire responses
<p>Demographic details, as well as questionnaire responses</p>
Demographic data along with bone-related biomarkers
<p>Demographic data along with bone-related biomarkers</p>
Demographic data and laboratory results
<p>Demographic data and laboratory results</p>
Demographic information, as well as questionnaire answers
<p>Demographic information, as well as questionnaire answers</p> <p> </p>
Demographic data and laboratory results
<p>The demographic information of the study participants and the laboratory outcomes</p>
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION AND THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION (UZBEKISTAN R. ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE JIZZAKH REGION).
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Database of author demographics of scientific publications at EcoHealth Alliance
<p>These data are used to support analyses for the manuscript <em>Gendered male and high-income country authors dominate publication at a One Health research organization </em>(currently in review). It is an extension of the Research Outputs Catalog that contains contributor pronoun information.<br><br></p> <p>The data were originally stored in airtable as JSON. When exported to CSVs, arrays and other nested data structures are flattened into comma seperated character strings. It should be possible to reconstruct relationships between tables by joining on given "id" fields. <br> </p> <p>The description.csv and metadata.csv provide descriptive and structural metadata respectively.</p> <p> </p> <p>License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International </p>
Figure S1 in Effects of dams on demographic structures of amphidromous fish and crustacean species in Caribbean rivers
Figure S1. – Pictures of the water intakes on the rivers Grand Carbet (A), Pérou (B) and Moreau (C). The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the current.
Figure 5 in Effects of dams on demographic structures of amphidromous fish and crustacean species in Caribbean rivers
Figure 5. – Individual number histograms of each species broken down by size classes (mm) for the three stations (top chart) and porosity chart of the Grand Carbet River water intake (bottom chart). Bottom chart: arrow indicates the optimal size at crossing; dotted black line indicates 50% crossing; dotted grey lines indicate the mean crossing rate for these size classes. The size of the downstream and upstream population of Macrobrachium faustinum is too small and fragmented to be presented.
Supplementary material 1 from: Liu X, Zhou Y, Ouyang S, Wu X (2019) Phylogeographic patterns and demographic history of Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea maculata from different countries (Ampullariidae, Gastropoda, Mollusca). Nature Conservation 36: 71-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.36.35045
: Data type: molecular data
Data from: Implications of survey effort on estimating demographic parameters of a long-lived marine top predator
Effective management of wildlife populations rely on knowledge of their abundance, survival and reproductive rates. Maintaining long-term studies capable of estimating demographic parameters for long-lived, slow reproducing species is challenging. Insights into effects of research intensity on the statistical power to estimate demographic parameters is limited. Here, we investigate implications of survey effort on estimating abundance, home range sizes and reproductive output of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), using a three-year sub-sample of a long-term, capture-recapture study off Bunbury, Western Australia. Photo-identification on individual dolphins were collected following Pollock's Robust Design, where seasons were defined as 'primary periods', each consisting of multiple 'secondary periods'. The full dataset consisted of 12 primary periods and 72 secondary periods, resulting in the study area being surveyed 24 times/year. We simulated reduced survey effort by randomly removing one, two or three secondary periods per primary period. Capture-recapture models were used to assess the effect of survey intensity on the power to detect trends in population abundance, while individual dolphin sighting histories were used to assess the ability to conduct home range analyses. We used sighting records of adult females and their calving histories to assess survey effort on quantifying reproductive output. A 50% reduction in survey effort resulted in: i) up to a 36% decline in population abundance at the time of detection; ii) a reduced ability to estimate home range sizes, by increasing the time for individuals to be sighted on >30 occasions (an often-used metric for home range analyses) from 7.74 to 15.46 years; and iii) 33%, 24% and 33% of annual calving events going undocumented in their year of birth. Results clearly illustrate the importance of survey effort on the ability to assess demographic parameters with clear implications for population viability analyses, population forecasting and conservation efforts to manage human-wildlife interactions.
Data from: Accounting for uncertainty in dormant life stages in stochastic demographic models
Dormant life stages are often critical for population viability in stochastic environments, but accurate field data characterizing them are difficult to collect. Such limitations may translate into uncertainties in demographic parameters describing these stages, which then may propagate errors in the examination of population-level responses to environmental variation. Expanding on current methods, we 1) apply data-driven approaches to estimate parameter uncertainty in vital rates of dormant life stages and 2) test whether such estimates provide more robust inferences about population dynamics. We built integral projection models (IPMs) for a fire-adapted, carnivorous plant species using a Bayesian framework to estimate uncertainty in parameters of three vital rates of dormant seeds – seed-bank ingression, stasis and egression. We used stochastic population projections and elasticity analyses to quantify the relative sensitivity of the stochastic population growth rate (log λs) to changes in these vital rates at different fire return intervals. We then ran stochastic projections of log λs for 1000 posterior samples of the three seed-bank vital rates and assessed how strongly their parameter uncertainty propagated into uncertainty in estimates of log λs and the probability of quasi-extinction, Pq(t). Elasticity analyses indicated that changes in seed-bank stasis and egression had large effects on log λs across fire return intervals. In turn, uncertainty in the estimates of these two vital rates explained > 50% of the variation in log λs estimates at several fire-return intervals. Inferences about population viability became less certain as the time between fires widened, with estimates of Pq(t) potentially > 20% higher when considering parameter uncertainty. Our results suggest that, for species with dormant stages, where data is often limited, failing to account for parameter uncertainty in population models may result in incorrect interpretations of population viability.
Data from: Evaluation of demographic history and neutral parameterization on the performance of Fst outlier tests
FST outlier tests are a potentially powerful way to detect genetic loci under spatially divergent selection. Unfortunately, the extent to which these tests are robust to non-equilibrium demographic histories has been under-studied. We developed a landscape-genetics simulator to test the effects of isolation by distance (IBD) and range expansion on FST outlier methods. We evaluated the two most commonly used methods for the identification of FST outliers (FDIST2 and BayeScan, which assume samples are evolutionarily independent) and two recent methods (FLK and Bayenv2, which estimate and account for evolutionary non-independence). Parameterization with a set of neutral loci ("neutral parameterization") always improved the performance of FLK and Bayenv2, while neutral parameterization caused FDIST2 to actually perform worse in the cases of IBD or range expansion. BayeScan was improved when the prior odds on neutrality was increased, regardless of the true odds in the data. On their best performance, however, the widely-used methods had high false-positive rates for IBD and range expansion and were outperformed by methods that accounted for evolutionary non-independence. In addition, default settings in FDIST2 and BayeScan resulted in many false positives under balancing selection. However, all methods did very well if a large set of neutral loci is available to create empirical p-values. We conclude that in species that exhibit IBD or have undergone range expansion, many of the published FST outliers based on FDIST2 and BayeScan are probably false positives, but FLK and Bayenv2 show great promise for accurately identifying loci under spatially-divergent selection.
Data from: Demographic inferences after a range expansion can be biased: the test case of the blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus)
The evolutionary history of species is a dynamic process as they modify, expand and contract their spatial distributions over time. Range expansions (REs) occur through a series of founder events that are followed by migration among neighbouring demes. The process usually results in structured metapopulations and leaves a distinct signature in the genetic variability of species. Explicitly modeling the consequences of complex demographic events such as REs is computationally very intensive. Here we propose an an alternative approach that requires less computational effort than a comprehensive RE model, but that can recover the demography of species undergoing a RE, by combining spatially explicit modelling with simplified but realistic metapopulation models. We examine the demographic and colonization history of Carcharhinus melanopterus, an abundant reef-associated shark, as a test case. We first used a population genomics approach to statistically confirm the occurrence of a RE in C. melanopterus and identify its origin in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Spatial genetic modelling identified two waves of stepping-stone colonization: an eastward wave moving through the Pacific and a westward one moving through the Indian Ocean. We show that metapopulation models best describe the demographic history of this species and that not accounting for this may lead to incorrectly interpreting the observed genetic variation as signals of widespread population bottlenecks. Our study highlights insights that can be gained about demography by coupling metapopulation models with spatial modeling and underscores the need for cautious interpretation of population genetic data when advancing conservation priorities.
Data from: Genetic signatures of small effective population sizes and demographic declines in an endangered rattlesnake, Sistrurus catenatus
Endangered species that exist in small isolated populations are at elevated risk of losing adaptive variation due to genetic drift. Analyses that estimate short-term effective population sizes, characterize historical demographic processes, and project the trajectory of genetic variation into the future are useful for predicting how levels of genetic diversity may change. Here, we use data from two independent types of genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] and microsatellites) to evaluate genetic diversity in 17 populations spanning the geographic range of the endangered eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus). First, we use SNP data to confirm previous reports that these populations exhibit high levels of genetic structure (overall Fst = 0.25). Second, we show that most populations have contemporary Ne estimates less than 50. Heterozygosity-fitness correlations in these populations provided no evidence for a genetic cost to living in small populations, though these tests may lack power. Third, model-based demographic analyses of individual populations indicate that all have experienced declines, with the onset of many of these declines occurring over timescales consistent with anthropogenic impacts (<200 years). Finally, forward simulations of the expected loss of variation in relatively large (Ne = 50) and small (Ne = 10) populations indicate they will lose a substantial amount of their current standing neutral variation (63% and 99%, respectively) over the next 100 years. Our results argue that drift has a significant and increasing impact on levels of genetic variation in isolated populations of this snake, and efforts to assess and mitigate associated impacts on adaptive variation should be components of the management of this endangered reptile.
Figure 2 in Genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of Dugesia japonica in Taihang Mountains
Figure 2. Mismatch distribution of Dugesia japonica from Taihang Mountains based on mitochondrial COI.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.