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Figure 1 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 1. Photograph (a) and interpretive drawing (b) of RC 76, the holotype of Digalodon rubidgei, in dorsal view. Gray indicates matrix, hatching indicates damaged bone surface, and cross-hatching indicates plaster. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: f, frontal; ip, interparietal; j, jugal; la, lacrimal; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; pa, parietal; pf, pineal foramen; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, preparietal; pr, prootic; prf, prefrontal; sq, squamosal; ta, tabular.

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Figure 5 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 5. Phylogenetic position of Digalodon rubidgei within Dicynodontia based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Eo. = Eodicynodon.

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Figure 4 in Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Late Permian of South Africa

Figure 4. Photograph (a) and interpretive drawing (b) of RC 76, the holotype of Digalodon rubidgei, in occipital view. Gray indicates matrix, hatching indicates damaged bone surface, and cross-hatching indicates plaster. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; dn, dorsolateral notch in squamosal; eo, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; ip, interparietal; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pe, paroccipital eminence; ptf, post-temporal fenestra; q, quadrate; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; st, stapes; ta, tabular.

Fig. 7 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 7 Close-ups of selected dorsal and sacral vertebrae and ribs of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Anterior and mid-dorsal vertebrae (elements a-o). B Posterior dorsal vertebrae (elements s-u). C Anteriormost dorsal rib. D Posteriormost dorsal vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. Abbreviations: cap, capitulum; ce, centrum; diap, diapophysis; lam, lamina; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pap, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; rf, rib facet; rug, rugosity; sv, sacral vertebra; tub, tuberculum; tvp, transverse process

Fig. 9 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 9 Close-ups of the appendicular elements of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Right ilium in lateral view and tentatively identified metetarsal. B Left femur in ventral view. C Right (?) pubis in medial(?) view. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; af, articular facet; cv, cervical vertebra; for, foramen; ilb, iliac blade; isp, ischial peduncle; itt, internal trochanter; mt, metatarsal; pac, postacetabular process; pfo, pubic foramen; pup, pubic peduncle

Fig. 3 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 3 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612. A–B preserving the majority of the presacral vertebrae and appendicular elements. Cervical vertebrae are indicated with capitalised letters, dorsal and sacral vertebrae are indicated with lower case letters, blue dots indicate bifurcated cervical ribs. The element indicated with an asterisk represents a badly broken cervical vertebra, which could be identified based on plate 31 of Broili and Fischer (1918). The two ribs indicated with † and ‡, respectively, correspond to those listed in Table 4. Abbreviations: aue, autopodial element; cav, caudal vertebra; fe, femur; fr v, fragmentary vertebra; il, ilium; mt, metatarsal; sv, sacral vertebra

Fig. 6 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 6 Close-ups of selected cervical vertebrae and ribs of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Anteriormost preserved cervical vertebrae (elements A–C), including the tentatively identified axis and possible atlantal elements. B Cervical ribs with bifurcating distal ends. C Mid-cervical vertebrae (elements L–N). Abbreviations: at, atlantal element; atna, atlantal neural arch; atr, atlantal rib, axc, axis centrum; axna, axis neural arch; cap, capitulum; cv, cervical vertebra; cvr, cervical rib; diap, diapophysis; epp, epipophysis; feap, free-ending anterior process; fs, fish scale; lam, lamina; ns, neural spine; pap, parapophysis; pdp, posterodorsal process; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; pvp, posteroventral process; rug, rugosity; tub, tuberculum

Fig. 2 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 2 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612 and its sedimentary features. A, Historical label on the slab. B, Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612, the holotype of Trachelosaurus fischeri; the bracketed lower case letters correspond to the different slabs of which the specimen is composed. The asterisks (*) indicate tetrapod footprints preserved on the slabs. C–D Slab in cross-section, with trough cross-lamination (C) and the two intervals with an arrow pointing at their boundary (D). E Sinuous and ramified structures on the top surface (opposite to the surface preserving bones and footprints), including a close-up on the right. F Round structures. G Squared structure. H Tetrapod footprint (left manus) previously mentioned in Broili and Fischer (1918). Structures in F–H are in convex hyporelief, and their location is marked with matching upper case letters on the overview of the specimen in B

Fig. 11 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 11 Skeletal reconstruction of Trachelosaurus fischeri and comparison with other long-necked, aquatic tanysaurians. A Skeletal reconstruction and interpretive silhouette of Trachelosaurus fischeri in left lateral view and anteroposterior view of the mid-anterior portion of the torso (reconstructions by E. M.); based on the elements preserved on MLU.GeoS.1612. B Comparison of Trachelosaurus fischeri with Dinocephalosaurus orientalis (from Spiekman et al., 2024; reconstruction by S. N. F. S.), Tanystropheus hydroides, and Tanystropheus longobardicus (both from Spiekman et al., 2020a; reconstructions by Beat Scheffold); the outline of a 170-cm-tall human in scuba diving equipment is used to indicate the scale

Fig. 8 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 8 Close-up of the proximal caudal region and partial gastral basket of Trachelosaurus fischeri. The caudal centra marked with α, β, and γ correspond to the elements that are indicated the same in Table 5. Abbreviations: cac, caudal centrum; car, caudal rib; cav, caudal vertebra; gas, gastralia; prz, prezygapophysis; sv, sacral vertebra; tp, transverse process

Fig. 4 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 4 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612.C-G, preserving the cranial and proximal caudal remains, as well as a tentatively identified pubis and partial gastral basket. The rib marked with †‡ corresponds to the rib that is indicated the same in Table 4. Abbreviations: car, caudal rib; cav, caudal vertebra; dr, dorsal rib; fisc, fish scales; fr v, fragmentary vertebra; gas, gastralia; na, nasal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; pub, pubis

Fig. 5 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 5 Close-ups of the cranial elements of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Right premaxilla in lateral view. B The posterior of the two preserved premaxillary teeth. C Possible nasal. D Possible postorbital. E Possible postfrontal. Abbreviations: anp, anterior process; conc, concavity; latp, lateral process; ponp, postnarial process; pop, posterior process; prnp, prenarial process

Fig. 1 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 1 Geographic and geological setting. Locality and stratigraphic context of Merkel's Quarry, where Trachelosaurus fischeri was found. Modified from Schoch (2019)

Figs 22–34 in MORPHOLOGICAL REDESCRIPTION AND DNA BARCODING OF TORLEYA PADUNICA KAZLAUSKAS, 1963 (EPHEMEROPTERA, EPHEMERELLIDAE) FROM THE EAST PALAEARCTIC REGION

Figs 22–34. Larvae of Torleya padunica. 22 – pro- and mesonotum; 23–25 – legs (23 – fore, 24 – mid, 25 – hind); 26–28 claws (26 – fore leg, 27 – mid leg, 28 – hind leg); 29 – abdomen, dorsal view; 30– gill I pair; 31–34 gills, sketchily (31 – II pair, 32 – III pair, 33 – IV pair, 34 – V pair). 9

Figs 6–10 in MORPHOLOGICAL REDESCRIPTION AND DNA BARCODING OF TORLEYA PADUNICA KAZLAUSKAS, 1963 (EPHEMEROPTERA, EPHEMERELLIDAE) FROM THE EAST PALAEARCTIC REGION

Figs 6–10. Torleya padunica: 6–11 male imago; 12 – female imago. 6 – genitalia; 7 – styliger and gonostyli; 8 – 3rd segment of gonostyli; 9 – genitalia; 10, 11 – penis; 12 – subanal plate. 6 – lateral view, 7, 10–12 – ventral view; 8, 9 – dorsal view.

Fig. 40 in MORPHOLOGICAL REDESCRIPTION AND DNA BARCODING OF TORLEYA PADUNICA KAZLAUSKAS, 1963 (EPHEMEROPTERA, EPHEMERELLIDAE) FROM THE EAST PALAEARCTIC REGION

Fig. 40. Ultrametric Bayesian inference (BI) tree based on the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) nucleotide sequence data of the genus Torleya Lestage. Bayesian posterior probabilities (higher than 0.7) are given above tree nodes. Specimens obtained in this study are in bold.

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Fig. 5 in Redescription of Bicotyle reticulata (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae) from Pampus punctatissimus (Scombriformes: Stromateidae) in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 5. Bayesian inference (BI) tree for the Microcotylinea based on partial 28S rDNA data (840 bp) using two species of Plectanocotylidae as the outgroup. The species newly sequenced in this study is indicated in bold. The corresponding INSD accession numbers are shown. The tree includes results for Bayesian inference and ML with PP/BS branch support values.

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Fig. 2 in Redescription of Bicotyle reticulata (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae) from Pampus punctatissimus (Scombriformes: Stromateidae) in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig. 2. Bicotyle reticulata (Goto, 1894) from Pampus punctatissimus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845). A, Clamp on right side (closed, ventral view, MPM Coll.-No. 25262); B, clamp on left side (open, apical view, MPM Coll.-No. 25262); C, mouth (MPM Coll.-No. 25262); D, genital atrium (MPM Coll.-No. 25261); E, vaginal pore (MPM Coll.-No. 25261). Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm; C, 600 µm; D, E, 250 µm.

Figs 15–21 in MORPHOLOGICAL REDESCRIPTION AND DNA BARCODING OF TORLEYA PADUNICA KAZLAUSKAS, 1963 (EPHEMEROPTERA, EPHEMERELLIDAE) FROM THE EAST PALAEARCTIC REGION

Figs 15–21. Larvae of Torleya padunica. 15 – head; 16 – labrum; 17 –hypopharynx and superlinguas; 18, 19 – mandibles, ventral view (18 – right, 19 – left); 20 – maxilla; 21 – labium.

Figs 36–39. Torleya mikhaili, genitalia. 36 in MORPHOLOGICAL REDESCRIPTION AND DNA BARCODING OF TORLEYA PADUNICA KAZLAUSKAS, 1963 (EPHEMEROPTERA, EPHEMERELLIDAE) FROM THE EAST PALAEARCTIC REGION

Figs 36–39. Torleya mikhaili, genitalia. 36 – styliger and gonostyli; 37 – penis; 38 – penis and gonostyli; 39 – penis lobes. 36, 38–39 – ventral view; 37 – dorsal view.