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Figs 13–22 in Terrestrial mollusc species richness and diversity in Omo Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria

Figs 13–22. Streptaxidae: (13) Gonaxis camerunensis, H 9 mm; (14) Ptychotrema okei, H 9.9 mm; (15) Ptychotrema sp., H 9.8 mm; (16) Ptychotrema shagamuense, H 15.8 mm; (17) Gulella monodon, H 6.48 mm; (18) Gulella reesi, H 5.92 mm; (19) Gulella io, H 3.64 mm; (20) Gulella jongkindi, H 4.08 mm; (21) Gulella cf. opoboensis, H 3.24 mm; (22) Tomostele musaecola, H 3.84 mm. Scale bars = 5 mm (Figs 13–16) and 1 mm (Figs 17–22).

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Data for: Hidden diversity: Comparative functional morphology of humans and other species

Gastrointestinal (GI) morphology plays an important role in nutrition, health, and epidemiology, yet limited data on gastrointestinal variation have been collected since 1885. Here we demonstrate that students can collect reliable data sets on gut morphology; when they do, they reveal greater morphological variation for some structures in the GI than has been documented in the published literature. We discuss trait variability both within and among species, and the implications of that variability for evolution and epidemiology. Our results show that morphological variation in the GI tract is associated with each organ's role in food processing. For example, the length of many structures was found to vary significantly with feeding strategy. Within species, the variability illustrated by the coefficients of variation suggests that selective constraints may vary with function. Within humans, we detected significant correlations between the various lengths of the liver and appendix (p = 0.0174) and with the colon (p = 0.0494), as well as between the small intestine and colon (p = 0.0445), which are arguably the most vital organs in the gut for nutrient absorption. Notably, intraspecific variation in the small intestine can be associated with life history traits. In humans, females demonstrated consistently and significantly longer small intestines than males (p = 0.0403). This finding supports the female canalization hypothesis, specifically, increased female investment in the digestion and absorption of lipids.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Dataset for "Species diversity and molecular characterization of Alternaria section Alternaria isolates collected mainly from cereal crops in Canada" by Jeremy R. Dettman, Quinn Eggertson, and Natalie E. Kim

Dataset consists of three files, each containing aligned nucleotide sequences from 559 Alternaria strains. The three sequenced loci are ASA-10, ASA-19, and rpb2. Strain names are stated in the header of each sequence.

Species detection histories used in Killion et al. (2023): Integrating Spaceborne Estimates of Structural Diversity of Habitat into Wildlife Occupancy Models

Camera trap species detection histories used for occupancy models in "Integrating Spaceborne Estimates of Structural Diversity of Habitat into Wildlife Occupancy Models".

Fig. 1 in Surprising morphological diversity in ceraphronid wasps revealed by a distinctive new species of Aphanogmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea)

Fig. 1. Aphanogmus kretschmanni Moser sp. nov.; holotype, ♀ (SMNS_Hym_Cer_000227). a. Habitus, lateral view. b. Habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 200 µm.

Fig. 3 in Surprising morphological diversity in ceraphronid wasps revealed by a distinctive new species of Aphanogmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea)

Fig. 3. Digital reconstruction of A. kretschmanni Moser sp. nov. based on synchrotron micro-CT; holotype, ♀ (SMNS_Hym_Cer_000227). a–d. Habitus in left (a), right (b), ventral (c) and dorsal (d) aspect. e. Left antenna. f. Left foreleg. g. Left midleg. h. Left hindleg. i–k. Ovipositor in left (i), ventral (j) and dorsal (k) aspect. Abbreviations: 1vf = first valvifer; 1vv = first valvulae; asf = anterior section of dorsal flange of the second valvifer; bl = basal line of the second valvifer; bulb = bulbous anterior area of the dorsal valve; MPMM = metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex; res = venom gland reservoir of the second valvifer; S7 = 7th metasomal sternite. Scale bars: a–h = 0.5 mm; i–k = 250 µm.

Fig. 2 in Surprising morphological diversity in ceraphronid wasps revealed by a distinctive new species of Aphanogmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea)

Fig. 2. Detailed images of A. kretschmanni Moser sp. nov. (a, d = SMNS_Hym_Cer_000466; b = SMNS_Hym_Cer_000465; c = SMNS_Hym_Cer_000469). a. Wing interference patterns of left fore- and hindwing. b. Fore- and hindwing. c. CLSM image of ovipositor with sclerites in red. Abbreviations: 1vf = 1st valvifer; 1vv = 1st valvulae; ang = anterior angle of the 1st valvifer; asf = anterior section of the dorsal flange of the second valvifer; bl = basal line of the second valvifer; bulb = bulbous anterior area of the dorsal valve; iva = intervalvifer articulation; tva = tergo-valvifer articulation. d. Waterston's evaporatorium on T6. Abbreviations: at cx = acrotergal calyx; ta = tergal apodeme. Scale bars: a–b = 200 µm; c–d = 50 µm.

Fig. 4 in The discovery of two new species in the Cyrtodactylus irregularis group highlights that hidden diversity remains in the largest clade of the mega-diverse genus Cyrtodactylus

Fig. 4. Cyrtodactylus chumuensis sp. nov. in preservative. A. Holotype, ♂ (IEBR R.4928, left) and paratype, ♂ (IEBR R.4929, right). B. Paratype, ♂ (IEBR R.4929). C. Holotype, ♂ (IEBR R.4928). A. Dorsal view. B. Precloacal region with precloacal pores. C. Precloacal region with precloacal pores and femoral pores.

Fig. 2 in The discovery of two new species in the Cyrtodactylus irregularis group highlights that hidden diversity remains in the largest clade of the mega-diverse genus Cyrtodactylus

Fig. 2. Phylogram based on the Bayesian analysis. Number above and below branches are ML untrafast bootstrap/MP bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities, respectively. Dashes denote bootstrap values <50%. Asterisk denotes 100% value. Red dashes show that C. condorensis (Smith, 1921) and C. grismeri Ngo, 2008 are nested within the Cyrtodactylus irregularis group in the MP analysis.

Fig. 8 in The discovery of two new species in the Cyrtodactylus irregularis group highlights that hidden diversity remains in the largest clade of the mega-diverse genus Cyrtodactylus

Fig. 8. Cyrtodactylus arndti sp. nov., type series in preservative (the holotype is the third from right).

Fig. 5 in The discovery of two new species in the Cyrtodactylus irregularis group highlights that hidden diversity remains in the largest clade of the mega-diverse genus Cyrtodactylus

Fig. 5. Habitat of Cyrtodactylus chumuensis sp. nov. in the Chu Mu Mountain, M'Drak District, Dak Lak Province.

FIGURE 11 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 11 Shells of Semisulcospira salebrosa sp. nov. A–G, Holotype, KUZ Z4131. H–J, Paratype, KUZ Z4133. K–L, Paratype, KUZ Z4135. M–O, Specimen from Take-shima Island, KUZ Z4138. A–C, H, K, M, Adult shell. A–C, H, M, Female. K, Male. D, I, L, N, Operculum. E–G, J, O, Embryonic shell. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–D, H–I, K–L, M–N), 1 mm (E–G, J, O). All specimens were treated with 3% sodium hypochlorite

FIGURE 9 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 9 Shells of Semisulcospira watanabei sp. nov. A–G, Holotype, KUZ Z4109. H–J, Paratype, KUZ Z4110. K–L, Paratype, KUZ Z4114. M–N. Specimen from Oura, KUZ Z4117. O–Q, Specimen from Nihonmatsu, KUZ Z4118. R–T, Specimen from Horikiri Port, KUZ Z4120. A–C, H, K, M, O, R, Adult shell. A–C, H, O, R, Female. K, Male. M, Juvenile. D, I, L, N, P, S, Operculum. E–G, J, Q, T, Embryonic shell. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–D, H–I, K–L, M–N, O–P, R–S), 1 mm (E–G, J, Q, T). All specimens were treated with 3% sodium hypochlorite

FIGURE 7 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 7 Results of Random Forest analyses conducted for five Semisulcospira species. Euclidean distances generated from proximities among individuals are plotted. A, Female. B, Male

FIGURE 6 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 6 Map of Lake Biwa indicating geographical variation in the frequency of sculpture types in the adult females of five Semisulcospira species. Colours of locality names correspond to the colour coding in fig. 1

FIGURE 4 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 4 Results of ADMIXTURE analysis based on 738 SNP s conducted for five Semisulcospira species. Bar colours of the species in K = 5 correspond to the colour coding in fig. 3

FIGURE 5 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 5 Phylogenetic relationships of five Semisulcospira species estimated by the Neighbor-Net reconstructed based on uncorrected p-distances of 738 SNP s

FIGURE 3 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 3 Results of principal components analysis based on 738 SNP s conducted for five Semisulcospira species. A, Principal component (PC) 1 vs PC 2. B, PC2 vs PC3. C, PC 3 vs PC4. D, PC4 vs PC5

FIGURE 2 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 2 Schematic drawings representing shell measurements of Semisulcospira species in this study. A, Spire angle (SA) and aperture swell length (ASL) of adult shell. B–D, Criteria for types of sculptures

FIGURE 1 in Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae)

FIGURE 1 Map of Lake Biwa (A) and Oura Bay (B) showing 15 sampling localities: blue, Semisulcospira niponica; green, S. fuscata; purple, S. watanabei sp. nov.; red, S. nakanoi sp. nov.; orange, S. salebrosa sp. nov; black, putative hybrid between S. fuscata and S. watanabei sp. nov.