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4,287 results for “Asteraceae”
FIG. 1 in Lectotypification of four Iranian endemic taxa of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIG. 1. — Lectotype of Echinops ceratophorus Boiss., Kotschy 548 (G00765429).
Tetramolopium stemmermanniae sp. nov. (Asteraceae), a new species found at Pōhakuloa Training Area, Hawaiʻi Island
<p>A new species endemic to Hawaiʻi Island, <em>Tetramolopium stemmermanniae</em>, is described and illustrated. Molecular and morphological evidence support <em>Tetramolopium stemmermanniae</em> as being distinct from<em> Tetramolopium arenarium </em>var. <em>arenarium</em>, <em>Tetramolopium consanguineum</em> ssp. <em>leptophyllum</em>, and <em>Tetramolopium humile </em>ssp. <em>humile</em>, which occur at Pōhakuloa Training Area, Hawaiʻi Island. <em>Tetramolopium stemmermanniae</em> shares an upright and multibranched habit as that of <em>Tetramolopium arenarium </em>var. <em>arenarium</em> and <em>Tetramolopium consanguineum</em> ssp. <em>leptophyllum.</em> It differs in ray and disc flower color and number, and in having an open, paniculate inflorescence. We provide a description of the new taxon, include a key to the <em>Tetramolopium</em> species of Hawaiʻi, and a brief description of the habitat where it occurs.</p>
Sinosenecio yangii (Asteraceae), a new species from Guizhou, China
<p>A new species <em>Sinosenecio yangii</em> D.G. Zhang & Q. Zhou (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from Guizhou Province, China, is described and illustrated based on its morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It closely resembles <em>S</em>. <em>confervifer</em> and <em>S</em>. <em>guangxiensis</em>, the former in the scapigerous habit and smooth and glabrous achene surface, the latter in the calyculate involucre and purple abaxial leaf surface, and both in the shape and indumentum of leaf lamina, but differs markedly from the latter two in having fewer capitula and epappose achenes. Phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS and ndhC-trnV sequences shows that this new species belongs to the <em>S</em>. <em>latouchei</em> clade and is sister to <em>S</em>. <em>guangxiensis</em> with moderate support.</p>
The evolution of C4 photosynthesis in Flaveria (Asteraceae): Insights from the Flaveria linearis complex
<p>Flaveria is a leading model for C4 plant evolution due to the presence of a dozen C3-C4 intermediate species, many of which are associated with a phylogenetic complex centered around F. linearis. To investigate C4 evolution in Flaveria, we updated the Flaveria phylogeny and evaluated gas exchange, starch δ13C, and activity of C4 cycle enzymes in 19 Flaveria species and 28 populations within the F. linearis complex. A principal component analysis identified six functional clusters: i) C3, ii) sub-C2, iii) full C2, iv) enriched C2, v) sub-C4, and vi) fully C4 species. The sub-C2 species lacked a functional C4 cycle, while a gradient was present in the C2 clusters from little to modest C4 cycle activity as indicated by δ13C and enzyme activities. Three Yucatan populations of F. linearis had photosynthetic CO2 compensation points equivalent to C4 plants but showed little evidence for an enhanced C4 cycle, indicating they have an optimized C2 pathway that recaptures all photorespired CO2 in the bundle sheath (BS) tissue. All C2 species had enhanced aspartate aminotransferase activity relative to C3 species and most had enhanced alanine aminotransferase activity. These aminotransferases form aspartate and alanine from glutamate and in doing so help return photorespiratory nitrogen (N) from BS to mesophyll cells, preventing glutamate feedback onto photorespiratory N assimilation. Their use requires upregulation of parts of the C4 metabolic cycle to generate carbon skeletons to sustain N return to the mesophyll, and thus could facilitate the evolution of the full C4 photosynthetic pathway.</p>
Packera glabella (Asteraceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Packera glabella (Asteraceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Smallanthus uvedalia (Asteraceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Smallanthus uvedalia (Asteraceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Smallanthus uvedalia (Asteraceae) - inflorescence - lateral view of flower
Image of Smallanthus uvedalia (Asteraceae) - inflorescence - lateral view of flower
Data from: Widely acclaimed but poorly named - phylogeny and systematics of the charismatic African daisy genus Dimorphotheca Vaill. ex Moench (Asteraceae, Calenduleae)
<p>Phylogenetic relationships in the South African daisy genus <em>Dimorphotheca </em>have long been uncertain, with the taxonomy of the genus relying on a few morphological traits, most prominently capitulum sexual system (i.e., cypsela type) and ray colour, which may not be evolutionarily conserved. Here we present the first well-sampled molecular phylogeny of <em>Dimorphotheca</em>, based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS and ETS) and plastid <em>trn</em>L<em>-trn</em>F<em> </em>region DNA sequences from multiple accessions per species. Although the relationships suggested by these markers are broadly congruent, we do find some instances of incongruence which we resolve using a combined decomposition and deletion approach. Using our best estimate of phylogenetic relationships, we reconstruct the evolution of capitulum fertility and ray colour to assess the evolutionary conservatism of these traits and their taxonomic utility. We find support for the monophyly of <em>Dimorphotheca</em>, excluding the recently segregated <em>O. polypterum</em>, and our data thus support the modern, enlarged circumscription of the genus incorporating the former genus <em>Castalis </em>and <em>Osteospermum </em>sections <em>Acanthotheca </em>and <em>Blaxium</em>. Major subclades within <em>Dimorphotheca</em> are largely cohesive in terms of geographic distribution and morphological traits such as growth form and cypsela structure. While many species are resolved as monophyletic, the polyphyly of a few species suggests a need for taxonomic re-evaluation. On the basis of both morphological and molecular data, we describe one new species, and elevate one variety to species level. A full taxonomic key to the enlarged genus is presented for the first time. Ancestral reconstructions show that capitulum sexual system and ray lamina colour are not evolutionarily conserved and that neither can therefore be used to delimit major lineages within <em>Dimorphotheca</em>. While our findings resolve some taxonomic problems, they also highlight the need for further species-level taxonomic work on <em>Dimorphotheca</em>.</p>
An efficient CRISPR-mediated genome editing system in diploid and polyploid Tragopogon (Asteraceae) enables functional studies of complex phenotypes and polyploid genome evolution
<p>Polyploidy or whole-genome duplication (WGD) is a significant evolutionary force, especially in angiosperms. However, the underlying mechanisms governing polyploid genome evolution remain unclear, limited largely by a lack of functional analysis tools in organisms that best exemplify the earliest stages of WGD. <em>Tragopogon</em> (Asteraceae) includes an evolutionary model system for studying the immediate consequences of polyploidy. In this study, we significantly improved the genetic transformation of <em>Tragopogon</em> and obtained genome-edited <em>T. porrifolius</em> (2<em>x</em>) and <em>T. mirus</em> (4<em>x</em>) primary generation (T<sub>0</sub>) individuals. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we knocked out the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (<em>DFR</em>) gene, which controls anthocyanin synthesis, in both <em>T. porrifolius</em> and <em>T. mirus</em>. All transgenic allotetraploid <em>T. mirus</em> individuals had at least one mutant <em>DFR</em> allele and 71.4% of the plants had all four <em>DFR</em> alleles (from both homeologs) edited, indicating a high efficiency of the CRISPR system in polyploid <em>Tragopogon</em>. The anticipated absence of the anthocyanin was observed in both leaf and floral tissues from <em>T. porrifolius</em> and <em>T. mirus</em> mutants. In addition, the mutations were inherited in the T<sub>1</sub> generation. This study demonstrates a highly efficient CRISPR platform producing genome-edited <em>Tragopogon</em> individuals that have successfully completed their life cycle. The approaches used and challenges faced in building the CRISPR system in <em>Tragopogon</em> provide a framework for building similar systems in other nongenetic models. Genome editing in <em>Tragopogon</em> paves the way for novel functional biology studies of polyploid genome evolution and the consequences of WGD on complex traits, which holds enormous potential for both basic and applied research.</p>
Data from: Out of Africa to Madagascar - then back? Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of tribe Tarchonantheae (Asteraceae: Tarchonanthoideae)
<p>Premise of research. Molecular data have revolutionized inferences of phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of flowering plants. Two small genera, Brachylaena and Tarchonanthus, are the only members of Asteraceae tribe Tarchonantheae (subfamily Tarchonanthoideae). The tribe is morphologically distinct within Asteraceae and is resolved as monophyletic with molecular markers. It is distributed in southern Africa and Madagascar. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether molecular data resolve the two genera as monophyletic and to infer the origin and dispersals that produced the current distribution of the tribe.</p> <p>Methodology. Sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS and plastid rpl16 intron were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the tribe. An ancestral trait reconstruction assessed the likely ancestral range for Tarchonantheae using BioGeoBEARS, and BEAST was used for dating divergence.</p> <p>Pivotal results. We resolved Tarchonanthus as a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, making the latter genus paraphyletic. All Malagasy species occurred within a strongly supported clade, but also resolved within the clade was the widely distributed African species Brachylaena huillensis. This indicates two dispersal events between Africa and Madagascar—either a single dispersal to Madagascar, followed by back dispersal to Africa, or two independent dispersals from Africa. </p> <p>Conclusions. Tarchonanthus is a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. An initial dispersal of Brachylaena from Africa to Madagascar with subsequent speciation, followed by back dispersal to Africa, with minimal morphological divergence between the African species and its sister species in Madagascar could explain the current distribution of Brachylaena. Alternatively, there may have been two dispersal events to Madagascar from Africa during the Miocene, but all within the same subclade. Dispersal of flowering plants back to Africa from Madagascar is very rare, if not unprecedented. These dispersal events, and most diversification within the tribe, including the divergence of Tarchonanthus and Brachylaena, took place during the Miocene.</p>
Data from: Molecular phylogenetics of Distephanus supports the recognition of a new tribe, Distephaneae (Asteraceae)
<p>The genus <em>Distephanus</em> Cass. comprises 43 distinctive species of shrubs and small trees that have been placed historically within the ironweed tribe, Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Utilizing the most expansive sampling of <em>Distephanus </em>to date, this study aims to test the monophyly of this genus and facilitate its classification. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted using four molecular markers from the nuclear and plastid genomes. These data also supported divergence dating analyses that were performed to understand the timing of diversification events within <em>Distephanus</em> and other related genera. Results from this study indicate that as currently circumscribed, Vernonieae is not monophyletic and that <em>Distephanus </em>is actually sister to a clade that comprises Vernonieae and another tribe, Moquinieae, which only includes two species restricted to Brazil. Based on these findings, <em>Distephanus </em>is recognized in a new tribe that we describe here, Distephaneae. This new tribe comprises 41 species of <em>Disptehanus</em> that are easily distinguished from Moquinieae and Vernonieae based on the presence of florets with yellow corollas and trinervate leaves.</p>
Figure 2 in An investigation on the chloroplast and nuclear genomes of taxa belong to the subgenus Dracunculus (Bess.) Rydb. of Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) in Turkey
Figure 2. Maximum Likelyhood tree showing the phylogenetic relationship between individuals.
Fig. 1 in Chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia (Asteraceae) on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Fig. 1. Repellent activity of Artemisia lavandulaefolia essential oil to Plutella xylostella.
Supplementary Material for "Target-capture Phylogenetics of the Paper Daisy Stoebe clade (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae) Using Compositae1061 Baits"
<p>This upload contains supporting information for a manuscript in preparation titled "Target-capture Phylogenetics of the Paper Daisy Stoebe clade (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae) Using Compositae1061 Baits". The folder contains sequence alignments for the Stoebe clade of paper daisies (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae), as well as species trees estimated using these data. Additional files are described in the accompanying README file.</p>
FIG. 4 in Evaluation of Linnaeus' concept of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and its interpretation
FIG. 4. — Lectotype of S. rosmarinifolia L. var. foliosa Sennen & Elías (BC-SENNEN 831809).
FIG. 1 in Evaluation of Linnaeus' concept of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and its interpretation
FIG. 1. — Specimen of S. rosmarinifolia L. (L 0053126) preserved in the herbarium of A. van Royen.
FIG. 2 in Evaluation of Linnaeus' concept of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and its interpretation
FIG. 2. — Lectotype of S. linearifolia Jord. & Fourr. (LY-Jordan).
FIG 10 in Santolina orocarpetana sp. nov. (Asteraceae: Anthemideae), a new species from the Iberian Peninsula. Revision of the lectotype of S. oblongifolia Boiss.
FIG 10. — Holotype of Santolina orocarpetana Rivero-Guerra, sp. nov. (SEV 249071).
FIG 1 in Santolina orocarpetana sp. nov. (Asteraceae: Anthemideae), a new species from the Iberian Peninsula. Revision of the lectotype of S. oblongifolia Boiss.
FIG 1. — Lectotype of Santolina oblongifolia Boiss.
FIG 2 in Santolina orocarpetana sp. nov. (Asteraceae: Anthemideae), a new species from the Iberian Peninsula. Revision of the lectotype of S. oblongifolia Boiss.
FIG 2. — Lectotype of Santolina heterophylla Willk. (COI-WILLK 00035956).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.