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1,509 results for “host association”
FIGURES 1–8. Pseudomethoca pumila, 1 in New combinations, sex association, behavioural notes and potential host record for two Neotropical species of Pseudomethoca Ashmead, 1896 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
FIGURES 1–8. Pseudomethoca pumila, 1. Head of male, frontal view; 2. Fore and hind wing of male; 3. Sternum 7 of male; 4. Male genitalia, dorsal view, p = paramere; 5. Digitus (d) and cuspis (c) of male geniatalia; 6. Penis valve, lateral view; 7. Female lectotype; 8a,b, c. Lectotype labels.
FIGURE 20. Male genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000023118 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
FIGURE 20. Male genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000023118, gen. prep. De Prins 3834♂ (RMCA 00708). Scale bar 200 µm. FIGURE 21. Male genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000002497, gen. prep. De Prins 3838♂ (RMCA 00709), aedoeagus. Scale bar 100 µm. FIGURE 22. Female genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000023120, gen. prep. De Prins 3842♀ (RMCA 00712), frontal view. Scale bar 500 µm. FIGURE 23. Female genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000023121, gen.prep. De Prins 3841♀ (RMCA 00713), segments VII– IX, lateral view. Scale bar 200 µm. FIGURE 24. Female genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000023121, gen.prep. De Prins 3841♀ (RMCA 00713), corpus bursae with two curved sickle signa, lateral view. Scale bar 200 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
FIGURE 8. Descaled head of Caloptilia mwamba sp. nov. Scale bar as indicated. FIGURE 9. Base of antenna. Scale bar as indicated. FIGURE 10. Descaled scape. Scale bar as indicated. FIGURE 11. Basal tubercule. Scale bar as indicated. FIGURE 12. Facet of eye. Scale bar as indicated. FIGURE 13. Anterior tentorial pit. Scale bar as indicated.
Data for: Genomic heterozygosity is associated with parasite abundance, but the effects are not mediated by host condition
<p>Whether, when, and how genetic diversity buffers individuals and populations against infectious disease risk is a critical and open question for understanding wildlife disease and zoonotic disease risk. Several, but not all, studies have found negative relationships between infection and heterozygosity in wildlife. Since they can host multiple zoonotic infections, we sampled a population of wild deer mice (<em>Peromyscus maniculatus</em>), sequenced their genomes, and examined their fecal samples for coccidia and nematode eggs. We analyzed coccidia infection status, abundance, and coinfection status in relation to per-locus and per-individual measures of heterozygosity, as well as identified SNPs associated with infection status. Since heterozygosity might affect host condition, and condition is known to affect immunity, it was included as a co-variate in the per-individual analyses and as response variable in relation to heterozygosity. Not only did coccidia-infected individuals have lower levels of genome-wide per-locus diversity across all metrics, but we found an inverse relationship between genomic diversity and severity of coccidia infection. We also found weaker evidence that coinfected individuals had lower levels of private allelic variation than all other groups. In the per-individual analyses, relationships between heterozygosity and infection were marginal but followed the same negative trends. Condition was negatively correlated with infection, but was not associated with heterozygosity, suggesting that effects of heterozygosity on infection were not mediated by host condition in this system. Association tests identified multiple loci involved in the inflammatory response, with a particular role for NF-κB signaling, supporting previous work on the genetic basis of coccidia resistance. Taken together, we find that increased genome-wide neutral diversity, the presence of specific genetic variants, and improved condition positively impact infection status. Our results underscore the importance of considering host genomic variation as a buffer against infection, especially in systems that can harbor zoonotic diseases.</p>
FIGURE 2. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis resulting from the combined ITS, tef1 and tub2 in Interesting Botryosphaeria (Botryosphaeriaceae) associated with Magnolia species in Thailand: Additions of two new host records with their lifestyles
FIGURE 2. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis resulting from the combined ITS, tef1 and tub2 sequence dataset. Related sequences of Botryosphaeria were obtained from Zhang et al. (2021). Cophinforma eucalypti (MFLUCC 11-0425) was selected as the outgroup taxon. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood equal to or greater than 60% and bayesian posterior probabilities equal to or greater than 0.95 are placed above the branches. The newly generated sequences are indicated in red. Type and ex-type strains are in black bold. Species names and strain accession numbers are followed by the lifestyle (orange), the isolation source or host species (green) and country of origin (blue). The accepted species names (according to Zhang et al. 2021) are indicated to the left of each clade. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree was rooted to Cophinforma eucalypti (MFLUCC 11-0425). END: Endophytic; PAT: Pathogenic; SAP: Saprobic; UNK: Unknown.
FIGURE 3 in Interesting Botryosphaeria (Botryosphaeriaceae) associated with Magnolia species in Thailand: Additions of two new host records with their lifestyles
FIGURE 3. Botryosphaeria puerensis (HKAS 107129, new host record). a–c. Appearance of ascomata on substrate. d, e. Sections through ascomata. f. Peridium. g. Paraphyses. h–j. Asci. k–n. Ascospores. Scale bars: a, b = 500 μm, c = 200 μm, d, e = 50 μm, f, h–j = 20 μm, g = 10 μm, k–n = 5 μm.
FIGURE 10 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs of Zyxibothrium healyae n. sp. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate location of details in micrographs B–G. (B) Apex of scolex sparsely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches and densely packed capilliform filitriches. (C) Proximal surface of anterior loculus densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (D) Proximal surface of middle loculus densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (E) Proximal surface of posterior loculus densely covered with long slender gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (F) Distal bothridial surface densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches. (G) Cephalic peduncle densely covered with large gladiate spinitriches interspersed with small gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed.
FIGURE 9 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 9. Line drawings of Zyxibothrium healyae n. sp. (A) Scolex (paratype, CR-76-1, NMNZ No. W.003931). (B) Detail of terminal genitalia (holotype, CR-75-2, NMNZ No. W.003930). (C) Whole worm (holotype, CR-75-2, NMNZ No. W.003930). (D) Mature proglottid (paratype, CR-75-1, LRP No. 9799).
FIGURE 6 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Zyxibothrium kamienae Hayden and Campbell 1981. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate location of details in micrographs B–H. (B) Apex of scolex densely covered with very long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (C) Distal bothridial surface densely covered with very long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (D) Posterior region of scolex proper densely covered with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (E) Proximal bothridial surface away from locular margins densely covered with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (F) Proximal surface of anterior loculus densely covered with very long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (G) Proximal surface of paired loculi densely covered with very long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (H) Proximal surface of posterior loculus densely covered with long slender gladiate spinitriches interspersed with acicular filitriches.
FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 3. Line drawings of Pentaloculum grahami n. sp. (A) Scolex (paratype, SA-2-1, LRP No. 10947). (B) Mature subterminal proglottid (paratype, SA-16-1, USNM No. 1678892). (C) Detail of terminal genitalia (holotype, SA-16-3, QM No. G240343). (D) Gravid terminal proglottid (holotype, SA-16-3, QM No. G240343). (E) Whole worm (holotype, SA-16-3, QM No. G240343).
FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of cocoons of Pentaloculum grahami n. sp. showing variation in number of oncospheres. (A) Cocoon containing five oncospheres. (B) Cocoon containing six oncospheres.
FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses of the D1–D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene for species in Clade 1 of Caira et al. (2017) (green box). Scale bar indicates substitutions per site. Nodes with bootstrap values ≥ 90 and posterior probabilities ≥ 99 are indicated by black dots. Nodes with bootstrap values ≥ 70 and posterior probabilities ≥ 95 are indicated by grey dots. Taxon labels are presented as cestode and host names followed by host specimen number in parentheses, Lawrence R. Penner Parasitological Collection accession number for hologenophores, and GenBank accession number. Newly generated sequences are in boldface type.
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Pentaloculum macrocephalum Alexander 1963. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate location of details in micrographs B–F. (B) Distal bothridial surface densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (C) Cephalic peduncle densely covered with large gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (D) Proximal surface of anteriormost loculus densely covered with longtipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (E) Proximal surfaces of anterior pair of loculi densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (F) Proximal surfaces of posterior pair of loculi densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches.
FIGURE 8 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Zyxibothrium duffyi n. sp. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate location of details in micrographs B–G. (B) Apex of scolex densely covered with capilliform filitriches. (C) Proximal surface of anteriormost loculus densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (D) Proximal surfaces of anterior pair of loculi densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (E) Proximal surfaces of posterior pair of loculi densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed. (F) Distal bothridial surface densely covered with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (G) Cephalic peduncle densely covered with long slender gladiate spinitriches interspersed with long slender aristate gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed.
FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs
FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Pentaloculum grahami n. sp. (A) Scolex, small letters indicate location of details in micrographs B–H. (B) Distal bothridial surface densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (C) Apex of scolex covered with gladiate spinitriches and densely packed capilliform filitriches. (D) Scolex proper densely covered with gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches. (E) Proximal surface of margin of anteriormost loculus densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (F) Proximal surfaces of margins of anterior pair of loculi densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (G) Proximal surfaces of margins of posterior pair of loculi densely covered with long-tipped aristate gladiate spinitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches and capilliform filitriches. (H) Proximal surfaces away from margins of posterior pair of loculi densely covered with short-tipped wide aristate gladiate spinitriches, filitriches not observed.
FIG. 2 in Host-parasite relationships between a Malagasy fruit bat (Pteropodidae) and associated bat fly (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): seasonal variation of host body condition and the possible impact of parasite abundance
FIG. 2. Body Condition Index (BCI) of R. madagascariensis in the Grotte des Chauves-souris, Parc National d'Ankarana, based on five different field sessions and separated into the different age and sex classes. AF = adult female, AM = adult male, NF = neonate female, NM = neonate male, SAF = sub-adult female, SAM = sub-adult male
FIG. 1 in Host-parasite relationships between a Malagasy fruit bat (Pteropodidae) and associated bat fly (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): seasonal variation of host body condition and the possible impact of parasite abundance
FIG. 1. Location map of the study site, Grotte des Chauves-souris, in the Parc National d'Ankarana, northern Madagascar
FIGURE 3 in The Chirostyloidea of the Northeastern Pacific: Host Associations, Range Extensions and a New Species (Decapoda: Anomura
FIGURE 3. Uroptychus nicoleae sp.nov. A, first pereopod ischium, merus and carpus; B, first pereopod propodus and dactyl; C, lateral view of body showing pereopods 2–4; D, pereopod 4 distal end of propodus and dactyl.
FIGURE 2 in The Chirostyloidea of the Northeastern Pacific: Host Associations, Range Extensions and a New Species (Decapoda: Anomura
FIGURE 2. Uroptychus nicoleae sp.nov. A, carapace in dorsal view antenna; B, sternum; C, telson; D, carapace in lateral view; E, antennule; F, antenna; G, third maxilliped.
FIGURE 5. A in The Chirostyloidea of the Northeastern Pacific: Host Associations, Range Extensions and a New Species (Decapoda: Anomura
FIGURE 5. A, Sternostylus iaspis on Paragorgia pacifica, San Clemente Escarpment. B, Sternostylus perarmatus on Antipathes dendrochristos, Footprint Reef (34o0'N 119o31'W).
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