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FIGURE 1 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 1. Collecting localities of Akodon n. sp. Legend: specimens identified by morphology (circles) and karyotype (triangles and star), and type locality (star). Numbers refer to localities listed in the Appendix II. The limits of ecoregions follow Dinerstein et al. (2017). In the main map: Brazilian state limits in black and main rivers in gray lines. In the captioned map, note the large distance (about 1,540 km) between the geographic range of Akodon n. sp. (light-gray) and Akodon cursor (dark-gray).

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FIGURE 4 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 4. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of Akodon n. sp. (MZUSP 36034—left) and A. cursor (MZUFV 1947—right). Scale bar = 10 mm.

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FIGURE S1 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE S1. Karyotype (2n=10, FN=15) of one individual of Akodon diauarum n. sp. (MN FMH-Vale 1217) from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Pará (locality 15, Figure 1).

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Supplementary material 3 from: Campana L, Cruz LR, Paresque R, Fagundes V (2022) Penile shape discriminates two cryptic species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from eastern Brazil. ZooKeys 1134: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1134.89587

Comparing data from A. cursor individuals from Pernambuco (ACUPE) and A. montensis from São Paulo (AMOSP)

Fig. 6 in Molecular systematics of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris group (Rodentia: Cricetidae) highlighting the Reithrodontomys microdon species complex

Fig. 6.—Landscape connectivity analysis based on the Intron 7 of the beta fibrinogen shared haplotypes in Reithrodontomys microdon. A) Ecological niche modelling of R. microdon; warmer colors depict high suitability areas. B) Friction layer obtained from the Ecological niche modelling; warmer colors depict areas with a high cost to dispersal. C) Fgb haplotype network and dispersal network with the least-cost paths; warmer colors depict paths traversed more frequently and higher population connectivity. The black circles and triangle represent the occurrence points of R. microdon and R. bakeri, respectively.

Fig. 4 in Molecular systematics of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris group (Rodentia: Cricetidae) highlighting the Reithrodontomys microdon species complex

Fig. 4.—Phylogenetic relationships among species of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris group using a concatenated sequences data set (Cytochrome b + Intron 7 of the beta fibrinogen). Values below branches represent nodal support for BI analysis. Terminal labels are named according to mammal collection voucher numbers (see Supplementary Appendix I).

Fig. 1 in Molecular systematics of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris group (Rodentia: Cricetidae) highlighting the Reithrodontomys microdon species complex

Fig. 1.—Map of Mexico and Central America showing localities for specimens of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris species group analyzed in this study. Dotted dots represent the geographical distribution (proposed by Hall 1981) of the R. microdon subspecies [a) R. m. wagneri; b) R. m. albilabris; c) R. m. microdon]. Gray hues depict an elevation gradient: white <800 m; light gray 800–1700 m; and dark gray>1700 m.

Fig. 8 in Integrative analysis supports a new species of the Oecomys catherinae complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Amazonia

Fig. 8.—Paratype of Oecomys matogrossensis sp. nov. from Teles Pires Hydroelectric Power Plant, Paranaíta municipality, Mato Grosso state, Brazil (UFMT 1680): upper molar series (left) and lower molar series (right). ac, anterior cingulum.

Fig. 7 in Integrative analysis supports a new species of the Oecomys catherinae complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Amazonia

Fig. 7.—Anatomical traits that differentiate Oecomys matogrossensis sp. nov from the O. catherinae complex lineages: (A) posterior nasal terminus (shorter dashed line) surpassing the maxillary–frontal suture (longer dashed line) and the premaxillaries terminating anterior to the nasals in O. matogrossensis (UFMT 4118); (B) posterior nasal terminus (shorter dashed line) anterior to the maxillary–frontal suture (longer dashed line)

Fig. 3 in Integrative analysis supports a new species of the Oecomys catherinae complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Amazonia

Fig. 3.—Bayesian inference topology based on the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene and nuclear intron 7 β-fibrinogen concatenated. Numbers above the branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities and below the branches indicate maximum likelihood bootstrap values. The black side bars indicate evolutionary lineages recognized in the analysis of bPTP and the light gray bars indicate Oecomys matogrossensis sp. nov. and the Oecomys catherinae complex s.s. recognized in this study. Sample data are provided in Supplementary Data SD1.

Fig. 4 in Integrative analysis supports a new species of the Oecomys catherinae complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Amazonia

Fig. 4.—Scatterplot of principal components 1 and 2 of Principal Component Analysis (top) and of canonical variate 1 and 2 of Discriminant Analysis (bottom) of 31 craniodental measurements of the Oecomys catherinae complex s.l. The western lineage corresponds to Oecomys matogrossensis sp. nov. described in this study.

Fig. 2 in Integrative analysis supports a new species of the Oecomys catherinae complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Amazonia

Fig. 2.—Bayesian inference topology based on mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene. Numbers above the branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities and below the branches indicate maximum likelihood bootstrap values. Side bars indicate evolutionary lineages recognized in bPTP (black) and GMYC (medium gray) analyses. The light gray side bars indicate Oecomys matogrossensis sp. nov. and the Oecomys catherinae complex s.s. recognized in this study. The sample data are presented in Supplementary Data SD1.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic status of the nominal forms assigned to Necromys lactens (Rodentia, Cricetidae) as revealed by molecular and morphometric evidence

Fig. 4.—Individual specimen scores based on log-transformed values of 20 cranial measurements (Mosimann shape variables), projected onto the first and second principal components of the "size-free" Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted from A) analysis of specimens (all age classes, n = 49) of the three nominal forms assigned to Necromys lactens: Akodon lactens (black circles, n = 24), A. orbus (dark gray triangles, n = 14), and Bolomys negrito (light gray squares, n = 11); B) analysis of specimens (all age classes, n = 88) of the two main clades recovered for N. lactens: northern clade (NC, black circles, n = 20) and southern clade (SC, light gray triangles, n = 68); C) analysis of specimens (all age classes, n = 88) of the four subclades recovered for N. lactens: northernmost clade (NNC, closed black circles, n = 4), southernmost clade (SSC, open light gray squared, n = 25), central-northern clade (CNC, open black circles, n = 16), and centralsouthern clade (CSC, open dark gray triangles, n = 43). Character loadings and the variance explained by each of the first two principal components appear in Table 3 and Supplementary Data SD1.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic status of the nominal forms assigned to Necromys lactens (Rodentia, Cricetidae) as revealed by molecular and morphometric evidence

Fig. 3.—Majority rule consensus tree obtained in the Bayesian analysis of 31 cytochrome-b gene sequences of specimens of Necromys lactens (plus sequences of other species of the genus used as outgroup). Numbers indicate posterior probability values of the adjacent nodes. Each terminal is labeled with the institution and catalog number (see acronyms in "Materials and Methods") of the specimen, GenBank accession number (of previously published sequences), and locality data (see complete details in Appendix II). Arg = Argentina; Bo = Bolivia.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic status of the nominal forms assigned to Necromys lactens (Rodentia, Cricetidae) as revealed by molecular and morphometric evidence

Fig. 2.—Toothwear age classes of Necromys. Age class 1: M3 incompletely erupted or unworn; age class 2: M3 fully erupted and exhibits moderate wear, M1–2 unworn; age class 3: M3 well worn, its occlusal surface is flat or concave, M1–2 exhibit moderate wear; age class 4: M3 heavily worn, being generally concave, M1–2 have worn and flattened cusps, M2 with no trace of the paraflexus; age class 5: M1–3 are all worn and concave; most details of the occlusal topography are obliterated.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic status of the nominal forms assigned to Necromys lactens (Rodentia, Cricetidae) as revealed by molecular and morphometric evidence

Fig. 1.—Map of southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, showing the geographic localities of specimens used in this study. A) Collection localities of the sequenced specimens of Necromys (white circles) and the type localities (white stars) of Akodon lactens (León), A. orbus (Otro Cerro), and Bolomys negrito (Las Pavas). B) Collection localities for specimens of Necromys used in morphometric analyses assigned to Akodon lactens (white triangles), A. orbus (white squares), and Bolomys negrito (white circles). C) Collection localities for specimens of Necromys used in morphometric analyses assigned to the two main clades: northern clade (NC, white circles) and southern clade (SC, white squares). D) Collection localities for specimens of Necromys used in morphometric analyses assigned to the four subclades: northernmost clade (NNC, white circles), central-northern clade (CNC, white circles with a midpoint), central-southern clade (CSC, white squares with a midpoint), and southernmost clade (SSC, white squares). Gray shading corresponds to areas above 2,000 m elevation.

Fig. 1 in Integrative analysis supports a new species of the Oecomys catherinae complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Amazonia

Fig. 1.—Map of samples of the Oecomys catherinae complex s.l. included in this study, with discrimination of the lineages recognized for the complex. Stars indicate the type localities of Oecomys matogrossensis sp. nov. (1; western lineage), Oecomys catherinae (51), and Oryzomys concolor bahiensis (39).

Fig. 5 in Integrative analysis supports a new species of the Oecomys catherinae complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Amazonia

Fig. 5.—Dorsal view (above) and ventral view (below) of: (A) the holotype of Oecomys matogrossensis sp. nov. (UFMT 4118), and specimens of the Oecomys catherinae complex lineages: (B) eastern (MN 10748), (C) central (PCH 4077), (D) westernmost (APC 292), and (E) northern (MZUSP 35535 above, and MZUSP 29532 below). Scale: 20 mm.

Fig. 3 in Molecular systematics of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris group (Rodentia: Cricetidae) highlighting the Reithrodontomys microdon species complex

Fig. 3.—Phylogenetic relationships among species of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris group using sequences data of the Intron 7 of the nuclear gene beta fibrinogen. Values below branches represent nodal support for BI/ML analysis. Terminal labels are named according to mammal collection voucher numbers (see Supplementary Appendix I).

Fig. 5.—Maximum clade credibility tree obtained with BEAST2 in Molecular systematics of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris group (Rodentia: Cricetidae) highlighting the Reithrodontomys microdon species complex

Fig. 5.—Maximum clade credibility tree obtained with BEAST2 for species of the Reithrodontomys tenuirostris group using Cytochrome b sequences data. Values above branches represent mean divergence times and below the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. Dark gray bars represent taxa delimited as species-level by the single-locus methods mPTP and bGMYC with probability values above 0.95, and the multiple-loci method STACEY.