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FIGURE 2. Microchilus culuenensis—A–B. Habit. C. Floral bract. D. Dorsal sepal. E. Petal. F. Lateral sepal. G–I. Lip. I in Microchilus culuenensis (Orchidaceae, Goodyerinae): a new species from Southearn Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 2. Microchilus culuenensis—A–B. Habit. C. Floral bract. D. Dorsal sepal. E. Petal. F. Lateral sepal. G–I. Lip. I. Detail of papillae. J–K. Column. J. Ventral view, with distended rostelum. K. Lateral view, in natural position. L. Pollinarum. Drawing by Engels from A. Petini-Benelli & F.T. Tomborelli s.n. (holotype UFMT 38455).

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FIG. 20. Stridulatory files. A. Australiagraecia spina holotype. B. Australiagraecia minuta. C. Ganiagraecia karwnia, Cytol. prep. 85-19. D. Ganiagraecia karwinia, S-363. E. Gwynnagraecia viridis, Kerragullen. F. Gwynnagraecia perplexa, Fitzgerald River. G. Latitatagraecia kalamaya, Cytol. prep. 2001-1. H. Latitatagraecia vulgivaga, Cytol. prep. 88-66. I. Cooloolagraecia wallum, paratopotype. J. Cooloolagraecia gubbi, paratopotype. K. Kokominiagraecia dicra, S-373. L in Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini)

FIG. 20. Stridulatory files. A. Australiagraecia spina holotype. B. Australiagraecia minuta. C. Ganiagraecia karwnia, Cytol. prep. 85-19. D. Ganiagraecia karwinia, S-363. E. Gwynnagraecia viridis, Kerragullen. F. Gwynnagraecia perplexa, Fitzgerald River. G. Latitatagraecia kalamaya, Cytol. prep. 2001-1. H. Latitatagraecia vulgivaga, Cytol. prep. 88-66. I. Cooloolagraecia wallum, paratopotype. J. Cooloolagraecia gubbi, paratopotype. K. Kokominiagraecia dicra, S-373. L. Coptaspis sp. 2. M. Timabarragraecia samneilli, paratopotype.

FIGURE 2. Campylotropis luquanensis. A. Branch. B. Quadrangular branchlet. C. Raceme and flowers. D. Standard. E. Wings. F. Keels. G in Campylotropis luquanensis (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae), a new species from Southwest China

FIGURE 2. Campylotropis luquanensis. A. Branch. B. Quadrangular branchlet. C. Raceme and flowers. D. Standard. E. Wings. F. Keels. G. Stamens, pistils, and calyx. H. Young fruit. I. Stipules. J. Bract and bracteole. Illustration by Mr. Zhen-Long Liang based on the holotype (and H is also drawn in reference to the isotypes).

FIGURE 2. Astragalus taledensis P. Yan & H. Zhang. A. Habit, B. Inflorescence, C. Fruit, D. Seed, E. Wing, F. Standard, G. Keel, H. Calyx, I. Stamens, J in Astragalus taledensis, a new species of Leguminosae from Xinjiang, China

FIGURE 2. Astragalus taledensis P. Yan & H. Zhang. A. Habit, B. Inflorescence, C. Fruit, D. Seed, E. Wing, F. Standard, G. Keel, H. Calyx, I. Stamens, J. Pistil. Drawing by Siqi Xie.

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V_ v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V_ v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

Subspecies and Distribution. O. m. megalotis Desmarest, 1822 — S Africa. O. m. virgatus G. S. Miller, 1909 — E Africa. in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. O. m. megalotis Desmarest, 1822 — S Africa. O. m. virgatus G. S. Miller, 1909 — E Africa.

Subspecies and Distribution. G. p. pulverulenta Wagner, 1839 — Namibia, South Africa (Western, Eastern and Northern Cape & Free State). G. p. basutica Roberts, 1936 — E Lesotho to South Africa (W KwaZulu-Natal). G. p. rudd: Thomas, 1903 — South Africa (extreme NW portion of the species range). in Herpestidae

Subspecies and Distribution. G. p. pulverulenta Wagner, 1839 — Namibia, South Africa (Western, Eastern and Northern Cape & Free State). G. p. basutica Roberts, 1936 — E Lesotho to South Africa (W KwaZulu-Natal). G. p. rudd: Thomas, 1903 — South Africa (extreme NW portion of the species range).

Subspecies and Distribution. G. f. fasciata Gmelin, 1788 — C & SE Madagascar (at least as far N as the Kianjavato region). G. f. striata Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826 — CE Madagascar (from near Brickaville and N to the Sihanaka Forest E of Lac Alaotra). in Eupleridae

Subspecies and Distribution. G. f. fasciata Gmelin, 1788 — C & SE Madagascar (at least as far N as the Kianjavato region). G. f. striata Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826 — CE Madagascar (from near Brickaville and N to the Sihanaka Forest E of Lac Alaotra).

Subspecies and Distribution. S. g. gracilis Merriam, 1890 — W USA (from E Washington & E Oregon to NE California, and then E to W Montana & E Wyoming to C Colorado, and possibly the Black Hills, South Dakota. Then S to N New Mexico, N Arizona, C Nevada and E & C California). S. g. amphialus Dickey, 1929 — SW USA (occurs only on Santa Rosa I and Santa Cruz I in Santa Barbara County, California). S. g. latifrons Merriam, 1890 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia) S and W to NW USA (Washington and Oregon). The distribution follows the crest of the Cascade Mts. S. g. leucoparia Merriam, 1890 — S USA (found from C Arizona, C New Mexico, and W & C central Texas) S to N Mexico (Coahuila & C Durango). S. g lucasana Merriam, 1890 — NW Mexico (S Baja California N to Santo Domingo on the W coast and La Paz on the E coast). S. g. martirensis Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (N & C Baja California). S. g. phenax Merriam, 1890 — SW USA (From California west to crest of Sierra Nevada). in Mephitidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. g. gracilis Merriam, 1890 — W USA (from E Washington & E Oregon to NE California, and then E to W Montana & E Wyoming to C Colorado, and possibly the Black Hills, South Dakota. Then S to N New Mexico, N Arizona, C Nevada and E & C California). S. g. amphialus Dickey, 1929 — SW USA (occurs only on Santa Rosa I and Santa Cruz I in Santa Barbara County, California). S. g. latifrons Merriam, 1890 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia) S and W to NW USA (Washington and Oregon). The distribution follows the crest of the Cascade Mts. S. g. leucoparia Merriam, 1890 — S USA (found from C Arizona, C New Mexico, and W & C central Texas) S to N Mexico (Coahuila & C Durango). S. g lucasana Merriam, 1890 — NW Mexico (S Baja California N to Santo Domingo on the W coast and La Paz on the E coast). S. g. martirensis Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (N & C Baja California). S. g. phenax Merriam, 1890 — SW USA (From California west to crest of Sierra Nevada).

Subspecies and distribution. G. e. elegans Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837 — E Madagascar (from the region surrounding the Andapa Basin S to Tolagnaro). G. e. dambrensis Tate & Rand, 1941 — N Madagascar (originally described from Montagne d'Ambre, but animals at Ankarana are also referable to this form). G. e. occidentalis Albignac, 1971 — CW Madagascar (limestone regions of Bemaraha, Namoroka & Kelifely). in Eupleridae

Subspecies and distribution. G. e. elegans Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837 — E Madagascar (from the region surrounding the Andapa Basin S to Tolagnaro). G. e. dambrensis Tate & Rand, 1941 — N Madagascar (originally described from Montagne d'Ambre, but animals at Ankarana are also referable to this form). G. e. occidentalis Albignac, 1971 — CW Madagascar (limestone regions of Bemaraha, Namoroka & Kelifely).

Subspecies and Distribution. E. g. goudotii Doyere, 1835 — E Madagascar. E. g. major Lavauden, 1929 — W & NW Madagascar. in Eupleridae

Subspecies and Distribution. E. g. goudotii Doyere, 1835 — E Madagascar. E. g. major Lavauden, 1929 — W & NW Madagascar.

FIGURE. Differences of Adiantum japonicum and A. pedatum. A–C, G–I, M–O: A. japonicum; D–F, J–L, P–R: A. pedatum. A, D. rhizome; B, E. stipe; C, F. scales of stipe; G, J. pinna at apex; H, K. pinnules; I. L. Direction of leaf branching; M-R. spore. Photo credit: Ting Zhao. in Adiantum japonicum, a new species of the Adiantum pedatum complex (Pteridaceae) from Japan

FIGURE. Differences of Adiantum japonicum and A. pedatum. A–C, G–I, M–O: A. japonicum; D–F, J–L, P–R: A. pedatum. A, D. rhizome; B, E. stipe; C, F. scales of stipe; G, J. pinna at apex; H, K. pinnules; I. L. Direction of leaf branching; M-R. spore. Photo credit: Ting Zhao.

FIGURE 2. Lysimachia xuyongensis. A. Habitat, B. mature plant, C. leaves, D. lower leaves scalelike, E-F. bracts, G. flower, H in Lysimachia xuyongensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China

FIGURE 2. Lysimachia xuyongensis. A. Habitat, B. mature plant, C. leaves, D. lower leaves scalelike, E-F. bracts, G. flower, H. filaments and anthers, I. calyx, J. ovary, K. reddish glandular punctation, L. multicellular hairs on the stem.

FIGURE: A. Murdannia triquetra var. ahuchawlense, habit B. Bract C. Sepal D. Petal E. Flower F. Stamens G. Antherodes H. Gynoecium in Murdannia triquetra var. ahuchawlense, a new variety of Murdannia triquetra from North Lakhimpur, Assam

FIGURE: A. Murdannia triquetra var. ahuchawlense, habit B. Bract C. Sepal D. Petal E. Flower F. Stamens G. Antherodes H. Gynoecium

Subspecies and Distribution. G. m. maculata Gray, 1830 — Ethiopia and Eritrea. G. m. letabae Thomas & Schwann, 1906 — W, C & E Africa, also in Angola, NE Namibia, Botswana, and SW Zambia. G. m. mossambica Matschie, 1902 — Mozambique and South Africa. G. m. zambesiana Matschie, 1902 — Malawi and Zimbabwe. in Viverridae

Subspecies and Distribution. G. m. maculata Gray, 1830 — Ethiopia and Eritrea. G. m. letabae Thomas & Schwann, 1906 — W, C & E Africa, also in Angola, NE Namibia, Botswana, and SW Zambia. G. m. mossambica Matschie, 1902 — Mozambique and South Africa. G. m. zambesiana Matschie, 1902 — Malawi and Zimbabwe.

Subspecies and Distribution. G. g. genetta Linnaeus, 1758 — SW Europe and N Africa from Morocco to Libya. G. g. dongolana Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 — E, NE & C Africa. G. g. grantii Thomas, 1902 — SW Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, and Oman. G. g. pulchra Matschie, 1902 — Angola, Namibia, Botswana, W Zambia, and NE South Africa. G. g. senegalensis Fischer, 1829 — W Africa. in Viverridae

Subspecies and Distribution. G. g. genetta Linnaeus, 1758 — SW Europe and N Africa from Morocco to Libya. G. g. dongolana Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 — E, NE & C Africa. G. g. grantii Thomas, 1902 — SW Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, and Oman. G. g. pulchra Matschie, 1902 — Angola, Namibia, Botswana, W Zambia, and NE South Africa. G. g. senegalensis Fischer, 1829 — W Africa.

Subspecies and Distribution. M. e. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 — Finland, Norway, NW Russia, and Sweden. M. e. aestiva Kerr, 1792 — most of mainland N & C Europe to C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. M. e. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — S Alaska. M. e. anguinae Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I, British Columbia). M. e. arctica Merriam, 1896 — Alaska and NW Canada. M. e. bangsi Hall, 1945 — C Canada and NC USA. M. e. celenda Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Prince of Wales I). M.e. cicognanii Bonaparte, 1838 — SE Canada and NE USA. M. e. fallenda Hall, 1945 — W Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (N Washington). M. e. ferghanae Thomas, 1895 — Afghanistan, N India, and Pakistan. M.e. gulosa Hall, 1945 — NW USA (E Washington). M.e. haidarum Preble, 1898 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is, British Columbia). M.e. hibernica Thomas & Barrett-Hamilton, 1895 — Ireland. M.e. imatis Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Baranof I). M.e. invicta Hall, 1945 — SW Canada (Alberta) and NW USA (Idaho & Montana). M.e. kadiacensis Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak I). M.e. kaneti Baird, 1857 — NE China, Russia (E Siberia). M.e. karaginensis Jurgenson, 1936 — NE Russia (Karaginsky I). M.e. lymani Hollister, 1912 — E Russia (Altai Mts, Siberia). M.e. minima Cavazza, 1912 — Switzerland. M.e. mongolica Ognev, 1928 — NW China and Mongolian Altai. M. e. muricus Bangs, 1899 — USA (N California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah & Wyoming). M. e. nippon Cabrera, 1913 — Japan. M.e. olympica Hall, 1945 — NW USA (Olympic Peninsula, Washington). M.e. polaris Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Greenland. M.e.richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838 — N Canada. M.e. ricinae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Scotland (Islay I). M.e.salva Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Admiralty I). M.e.seclusa Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Suemez I). M.e.sempler Sutton & Hamilton, 1932 — Canada (Franklin & Keewatin Districts). M.e.stabilis Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Great Britain. M.e.streatori Merriam, 1896 — W USA (NE California, Oregon & coastal Washington). M.e.teberdina Kornejv, 1941 — Russian Caucasus. M.e. tobolica Ognev, 1923 — W Siberia. Introduced to New Zealand. in Mustelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M. e. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 — Finland, Norway, NW Russia, and Sweden. M. e. aestiva Kerr, 1792 — most of mainland N & C Europe to C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. M. e. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — S Alaska. M. e. anguinae Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I, British Columbia). M. e. arctica Merriam, 1896 — Alaska and NW Canada. M. e. bangsi Hall, 1945 — C Canada and NC USA. M. e. celenda Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Prince of Wales I). M.e. cicognanii Bonaparte, 1838 — SE Canada and NE USA. M. e. fallenda Hall, 1945 — W Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (N Washington). M. e. ferghanae Thomas, 1895 — Afghanistan, N India, and Pakistan. M.e. gulosa Hall, 1945 — NW USA (E Washington). M.e. haidarum Preble, 1898 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is, British Columbia). M.e. hibernica Thomas & Barrett-Hamilton, 1895 — Ireland. M.e. imatis Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Baranof I). M.e. invicta Hall, 1945 — SW Canada (Alberta) and NW USA (Idaho & Montana). M.e. kadiacensis Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak I). M.e. kaneti Baird, 1857 — NE China, Russia (E Siberia). M.e. karaginensis Jurgenson, 1936 — NE Russia (Karaginsky I). M.e. lymani Hollister, 1912 — E Russia (Altai Mts, Siberia). M.e. minima Cavazza, 1912 — Switzerland. M.e. mongolica Ognev, 1928 — NW China and Mongolian Altai. M. e. muricus Bangs, 1899 — USA (N California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah & Wyoming). M. e. nippon Cabrera, 1913 — Japan. M.e. olympica Hall, 1945 — NW USA (Olympic Peninsula, Washington). M.e. polaris Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Greenland. M.e.richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838 — N Canada. M.e. ricinae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Scotland (Islay I). M.e.salva Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Admiralty I). M.e.seclusa Hall, 1944 — SE Alaska (Suemez I). M.e.sempler Sutton & Hamilton, 1932 — Canada (Franklin & Keewatin Districts). M.e.stabilis Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 — Great Britain. M.e.streatori Merriam, 1896 — W USA (NE California, Oregon & coastal Washington). M.e.teberdina Kornejv, 1941 — Russian Caucasus. M.e. tobolica Ognev, 1923 — W Siberia. Introduced to New Zealand.

Subspecies and Distribution. B. a. astutus Lichtenstein, 1830 — SE Mexico. B. a. arnizonensis Goldman, 1932 — USA (in and near Arizona). B. a. bolei Goldman, 1945 — Mexico (Guerrero). B. a. consitus Nelson & Goldman, 1932 — C & W Mexico. B. a. flavus Rhoads, 1893 — N Mexico and S & C USA. B. a. insulicola Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — Mexico (San José I). B. a. macdougalli Goodwin, 1956 — Mexico (Tehuantepec, Oaxaca). B. a. nevadensis G. S. Miller, 1913 — USA (Nevada & Utah). B. a. octavus Hall, 1926 — USA (S California). B. a. palmarius Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — Mexico (Baja California). B. a. raptor Baird, 1859 — USA (N California & S Washington). B. a. saxicola Merriam, 1897 — Mexico (Espiritu Santo I). B. a. willetti Stager, 1950 — USA (SW California & E Arizona). B. a. yumanensis Huey, 1937 — USA (Gila Mts, Arizona). in Procyonidae

Subspecies and Distribution. B. a. astutus Lichtenstein, 1830 — SE Mexico. B. a. arnizonensis Goldman, 1932 — USA (in and near Arizona). B. a. bolei Goldman, 1945 — Mexico (Guerrero). B. a. consitus Nelson & Goldman, 1932 — C & W Mexico. B. a. flavus Rhoads, 1893 — N Mexico and S & C USA. B. a. insulicola Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — Mexico (San José I). B. a. macdougalli Goodwin, 1956 — Mexico (Tehuantepec, Oaxaca). B. a. nevadensis G. S. Miller, 1913 — USA (Nevada & Utah). B. a. octavus Hall, 1926 — USA (S California). B. a. palmarius Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — Mexico (Baja California). B. a. raptor Baird, 1859 — USA (N California & S Washington). B. a. saxicola Merriam, 1897 — Mexico (Espiritu Santo I). B. a. willetti Stager, 1950 — USA (SW California & E Arizona). B. a. yumanensis Huey, 1937 — USA (Gila Mts, Arizona).

Subspecies and Distribution. G. c. cuja Molina, 1782 — W Argentina and Chile. G. c. furax Thomas, 1907 — NE Argentina, C & E Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. G. c. huronax Thomas, 1921 — C and S Argentina. G. c. luteola Thomas, 1907 — W Bolivia and SE Peru. in Mustelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. G. c. cuja Molina, 1782 — W Argentina and Chile. G. c. furax Thomas, 1907 — NE Argentina, C & E Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. G. c. huronax Thomas, 1921 — C and S Argentina. G. c. luteola Thomas, 1907 — W Bolivia and SE Peru.

Subspecies and Distribution. M. m. moschata Gray, 1831 — SE China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan & Hainan I) and N Laos. M. m. ferreogrisea Hilzheimer, 1905 — C China. M. m. millsi Thomas, 1922 — S China (NW Yunnan) through N Myanmar to NE India. M. m. sorella G. M.. Allen, 1929 — E China (Fujian). M. m. subaurantiaca Swinhoe, 1862 — Taiwan. M. m. taxilla Thomas, 1925 — Vietnam. in Mustelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M. m. moschata Gray, 1831 — SE China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan & Hainan I) and N Laos. M. m. ferreogrisea Hilzheimer, 1905 — C China. M. m. millsi Thomas, 1922 — S China (NW Yunnan) through N Myanmar to NE India. M. m. sorella G. M.. Allen, 1929 — E China (Fujian). M. m. subaurantiaca Swinhoe, 1862 — Taiwan. M. m. taxilla Thomas, 1925 — Vietnam.