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Fig. 21 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 21. Ptychochromis inornatus, holotype, UMMZ 237492, adult female, 115.3 mm SL, northwestern Madagascar, Mahajanga Province, northeast of Antsohihy, Ankofia drainage, Anjingo River.

Fig. 26. Ptychochromis oligacanthus, AMNH 215523 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 26. Ptychochromis oligacanthus, AMNH 215523: (A) palatine, (B) LPJ, (C) first gill arch, and (D) infraorbital series.

Fig. 19 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 19. Ptychochromis insolitus, new species, holotype, UMMZ 237066, juvenile, 54.8 mm SL, northeastern Madagascar, Antalaha Province, near town of Mandritsara, Sofia drainage basin, Amboaboa River. Scale bar 5 1 cm. Drawing by Ian Hart.

Fig. 5 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 5. Suspensorium and lower jaw (lateral view) of (A) Ptychochromoides vondrozo (UMMZ 235294) and

Fig. 18 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 18. Ptychochromis curvidens, new species, paratype, AMNH 237133: (A) palatine, (B) LPJ, (C) first gill arch, (D) infraorbital series, and (E) premaxilla.

Fig. 25 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 25. Ptychochromis oligacanthus, (A) lectotype, RMNH 3.936, 66.9 mm SL; northwestern Madagascar, most likely Sambirano River (see text). (B) AMNH 215522, adult, 145.8 mm SL; Nosy Be, Lake Bempazava.

Fig. 9 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 9. Scatterplot of sheared second and third PC scores of 13 log-transformed morphometric variables for species of Ptychochromis exhibiting the western-type palatine configuration: P. oligacanthus (open circles), P. inornatus (solid circles), P. onilahy (open triangles), and P. insolitus (solid triangles).

Fig. 8 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 8. Infraorbital series, IO2 shaded grey, in (A) Etroplus, (B) Paratilapia, (C) Oxylapia, (D) Ptychochromoides, (E) Katria, (F) Ptychochromis, (G) Retroculus, and (H) Heterochromis.

Fig. 14 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 14. Ptychochromis makira, new species, paratype, AMNH 237132: (A) palatine, (B) LPJ, (C) first gill arch, and (D) infraorbital series.

Fig. 11 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 11. Ptychochromis onilahy, new species, holotype, MNHN 1962-0201, 84.3 mm SL, southwestern Madagascar, Province of Tulear, Onilahy River. Scale bar 5 1 cm. Drawing by Ian Hart.

Fig. 17 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 17. Ptychochromis curvidens, new species, holotype, MHNG 2623.82, 127.6 mm SL, northern Madagascar; Diego Suarez Province, Andranofanjava, Andranofanjava-Sandriapiana River system. Scale bar 5 1 cm. Drawing by Ian Hart.

Fig. 15 in Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Malagasy Genus Ptychochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with the Description of Five New Species and a Diagnosis for Katria, New Genus

Fig. 15. Ptychochromis loisellei, new species, holotype, AMNH 232462, 99.5 mm SL, northeastern Madagascar, Antalaha Province, north of Sambava, Mahanara River at Antsirabe-Nord. Scale bar 5 1 cm. Drawing by Ian Hart.

Figure 4 in Phylogeny and biogeography of African Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), with emphasis on endemic species of the great East African lakes

Figure 4. Biogeographical hypothesis of the evolutionary history of the African Biomphalaria species. A, Pliocene– Pleistocene dispersal of a Biomphalaria glabrata-like snail into western Africa where the ancestral African Biomphalaria evolved, probably similar to Biomphalaria camerunensis/Biomphalaria pfeifferi. B. pfeifferi colonized most of the sub- Saharan continent. The ancestral African Biomphalaria or a B. camerunensis/B. pfeifferi-like stock migrated to East Africa and evolved into a Biomphalaria angulosa-like species, which is ancestral to the choanomphala-group snails. Within this species group the Ugandan Biomphalaria sudanica and Biomphalaria alexandrina evolved with B. alexandrina subsequently migrating along the River Nile to eastern North Africa. The river Nile and the surrounding region is indicated in the small inset.

Figure 3 in Phylogeny and biogeography of African Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), with emphasis on endemic species of the great East African lakes

Figure 3. Consensus cladogram resulting from the parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses of the combined matrix (16S, cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI, and internal transcribed spacer I, ITS1). maximum-parsimony (MP) bootstrap values greater than 50% are positioned below the nodes, and the posterior probabilities from the Bayesian inference analysis are placed above the nodes. Species icons represent the typical morphology of the species. Species without country nomination are from Uganda. The 'Nilotic species complex' first inferred by DeJong et al. (2001) is indicated by the vertical bar. Note the basal position of Biomphalaria angulosa to the Nilotic species complex. The weak bootstrap support of this complex in the parsimony analysis is a result of the close phylogenetic relationship with B. angulosa.

Figure 2 in Phylogeny and biogeography of African Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), with emphasis on endemic species of the great East African lakes

Figure 2. Plots of transitions (TS) and transversions (TV) for Biomphalaria relative to the percentage sequence divergence (p-distance). The sliding window analysis for noncoding sequences and codon position for protein coding sequences are given in the insets. A, TS/TV plot of the partial sequence of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Regions with the most variation are identified in the sliding window analysis and correspond to loop regions in the secondary structure. B, TS/TV plot of the total internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1) gene that indicates a possible saturation. The sliding window analysis (inset) illustrates that the variation is not distributed uniformly across the sequence. C, TS/TV plot of the partial sequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI; primer pair LCO/HCO). The codon position plot is given in the inset. D, TS/TV plot of the partial sequence of COI (primer pair ASMIT 1/2). The codon position plot is given in the inset.

Figure A1 in Phylogeny and biogeography of African Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), with emphasis on endemic species of the great East African lakes

Figure A1. Cladograms resulting from maximum-likelihood (ML) and maximum-parsimony (MP) analyses of the combined matrix and parsimony analyses of single-gene cladograms. Bootstrap support is indicated at the nodes. A, Consensus cladogram inferred from weighted and unweighted 16S by MP. B, Cladogram inferred from internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1) by MP. C, Cladogram inferred from cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) by MP (primer pair LCO/HCO). D, Cladogram inferred from COI (primer pair ASMIT 1/2) by MP. E, Cladogram inferred from the combined data matrix by MP. F, Cladogram inferred from the combined data matrix by ML.

Figure 1 in Phylogeny and biogeography of African Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), with emphasis on endemic species of the great East African lakes

Figure 1. Summary cladogram from DeJong et al. (2001) showing the relationships of the African Biomphalaria. Note the position of Biomphalaria stanleyi within Biomphalaria pfeifferi.

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Fig. 1 in On Apteronotus magdalenensis (Miles, 1945) (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae): a poorly known species endemic to the río Magdalena basin, Colombia

Fig. 1. Lateral view of the paratypes of Apteronotus magdalenensis: a) BMNH 1947.7.1.38, 335 mm TL.; b) USNM 123795, 287 mmTL.

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Fig. 2 in On Apteronotus magdalenensis (Miles, 1945) (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae): a poorly known species endemic to the río Magdalena basin, Colombia

Fig. 2. Live specimens of Apteronotus magdalenensis, showing body and head. a) IAvH-P 9836 (WC 2005-09-27-01), male; b) IAvH-P 7026, (WC 2005-09-27-03), female. Scale bars = 10 mm. Arrows show position of eye.