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Fig. 7 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 7. Average predation proportion of Tachaea chinensis in each freshwater decapod's species treatment. Fishers exact test, *P <0.05, **P <0.01.

Fig. 9 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 9. Attachments of Tachaea chinensis on various freshwater decapods during this study. The arrows indicate the position of the isopod on the host. (a) T. chinensis on the left-side of the carapace of Palaemon paucidens; (b) T. chinensis on the right-side of the carapace of Procambarus clarkii; (c) T. chinensis attached on the right-side of the carapace of Neocaridina spp.; and (d) T. chinensis initially clinging on the abdomen of Macrobrachium nipponense.

Fig. 1 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 1. Map showing Southern Africa (A) and the study area (B). S1: below Vaal Dam (26.872364 ◦S, 28.117173 ◦E) and S2: below Vaal Barrage (26.734854 ◦S, 27.634372 ◦E).

Fig. 5 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 5. Selection percentage of Tachaea chinensis in the single-host treatments. Each treatment was repeated 10 times (one isopod per treatment); *: P <0.05, ***: P <0.001, ****: P <0.0001 (Binomial test of significance).

Fig. 6 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 6. Spicules of Daubaylia spp. A, D. burnupiae n. sp.; B, D. seistanensis; C, D. potomaca; D, D. dewiti; E, D. elegans; F, D. malayanum; G, D. helicophilus; H, D. olsoni; I, D. pearsoni and J, D. bonaerensis. Abbreviations: m, manubrium; la, lamina. B-J, redrawn from Baylis and Daubney (1922), Chitwood and Chitwood (1934), Schuurmans-Stekhoven (1956), Honer and Jansen (1961), Sullivan and Palmieri (1978), Poinar and Richards (1979), Poinar (1984), Anderson and Bartlett (1993), Camino and Gonzalez (2011), respectively.

Fig. 3 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 3. Light (A–C) and scanning electron (D–F) micrographs of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. anterior end. A, oesophagus male; B, oesophagus female; C, anterior region of corpus female; D, dorsal view of cephalic end female; E, subventral view showing excretory pore; F, apical view cephalic end male, showing papillae on lateral lips (broken line circles), and on the dorso-ventral lips (solid line circles). Abbreviations: a, amphids; co, corpus; ep, excretory pore; gb, glandular basal bulb; i, isthmus; nr, nerve ring and pl, pharyngeal lobes.

Fig. 1 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 1. Eight different host options were used to investigate the host selection of Tachaea. chinensis isopods. (a) Palaemon paucidens; (b) Palaemon sinensis; (c) Neocaridina spp.; (d) Macrobrachium nipponense; (e) Procambarus clarkii; (f) Rhodeus ocellatus; (g) Oryzias latipes and (h) Artificial P. paucidens.

Fig. 5 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 5. Light (A–C) and scanning electron (D,E) micrographs of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. male. A, testis anterior end; B, genital armature; C, paired spicules; D, caudal region, subventral view; E, cloacal region, subventral. Abbreviations: c, cloaca; g, gubernaculum; lp, latero-ventral papilla; mp, median papilla; r, reflexed part of testis; s, spicules; st, spicule tip and tt, tail tip.

Fig. 2 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 2. Line drawings of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. A, female; B, anterior end female; C, anterior end male; D, male; E, posterior end female; F, posterior end male (arrows with no fill show lateroventral genital papillae) and G, gubernaculum. A-F, lateral view; G, subventral view. Abbreviations: a, anus; co, corpus; ep, excretory pore; g, gubernaculum; gb, glandular basal bulb; i, isthmus; nr, nerve ring and s, spicule.

Fig. 4 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 4. The experimental system used to test the potential predation of Tachaea chinensis by freshwater host species.

Fig. 10 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 10. Prey handling procedure of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (carapace length: 19 mm). (1) the crayfish P. clarkii approaching an 8 mm body length Tachaea chinensis; (2)–(5) P. clarkii catching and manipulating the prey using its pair of chelipeds; (6)–(8) the crayfish began consuming the prey by placing it directly into its mandibles.

Fig. 6 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 6. Selection percentage of Tachaea chinensis when subjected to un-common host selection experiments. Each treatment was repeated 10 times (one isopod per treatment); ***: P <0.001 (Binomial test of significance).

Fig. 8 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 8. Number of Tachaea chinensis predated by; Palaemon paucidens, Macrobrachium nipponense and Procambarus clarkii. A total of 20 T. chinensis isopods (two isopods per trials, 10 replications) were used in each treatment.

Figure 3 in A taxonomic review of Trapezidens (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Lamellidentini), a freshwater mussel genus endemic to Myanmar, with a description of a new species

Figure 3. Shells of five Trapezidens species: a) T. angustior [topotype RMBH biv 382_3]; b) T. dolichorhynchus [topotype RMBH biv 417_2]; c) T. exolescens [topotype RMBH biv 145_12]; d) T. scutum [topotype RMBH biv 632_1]; e) T. yeti sp. nov. [holotype RMBH biv 616_1]. Scale bar = 20 mm. (Photos: Ekaterina S. Konopleva).

Figure 1 in A taxonomic review of Trapezidens (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Lamellidentini), a freshwater mussel genus endemic to Myanmar, with a description of a new species

Figure 1. Distribution and the type localities of Trapezidens species in Myanmar. The numbers on the map indicate the type localities (green stars) and ranges (color filling) of certain species as follows: (1) Trapezidens yeti sp. nov.: Ye River basin. (2) T. scutum: Tanintharyi (Great Tenasserim) River basin. (3) T. angustior: Bago (Pegu), Sittaung, and Bilin river basins. (4) T. exolescens: Dawei (Tavoy) River basin. (5) T. dolichorhynchus: Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) River basin.

Figure 2 in A taxonomic review of Trapezidens (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Lamellidentini), a freshwater mussel genus endemic to Myanmar, with a description of a new species

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree recovered from Maximum likelihood analysis of the combined data set of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences of the Lamellidentini (five partitions: three codons of COI + 16S rRNA + 28S rRNA). Leoparreysia species were used as outgroup (not shown). Scale bar indicates the branch lengths. Black numbers near nodes are values of Ultrafast Bootstrap Support (UBS). Trapezidens yeti sp. nov. is colored red.

Figure 4 in A taxonomic review of Trapezidens (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Lamellidentini), a freshwater mussel genus endemic to Myanmar, with a description of a new species

Figure 4. Type locality of Trapezidens yeti sp. nov.: Ye River near Kyaung Ywar village. (Photo: Ilya V. Vikhrev).

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FIGURE 1 in Synopsis of European Neogene freshwater gastropod localities: updated stratigraphy and geography

FIGURE 1. Compiled stratigraphic chart based on the Geological Time Scale 2012 (Gradstein et al., 2012) with correlation of regional units and biozones. The boundaries of the intervals used by Wenz (1923–1930) are adapted to those of the current stages. The color code corresponds to the colors in the supplied kml-file. For information about the sources see Methods chapter.

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FIGURE 2 in Synopsis of European Neogene freshwater gastropod localities: updated stratigraphy and geography

FIGURE 2. European Neogene localities with freshwater gastropod faunas reported in the literature (WGS 84 projection). For complete data see supplied online material. The underlying digital height model derives from Hijmans et al. (2005) and is freely available from www.worldclim.org/.