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1,509 results for “host association”
Data from: Parasite-associated mortality in birds: the roles of specialist parasites and host evolutionary distance
<p>The factors that influence whether a parasite is likely to cause death in a given host species are not well known. Generalist parasites with high local abundances, broad distributions, and the ability to infect a wide phylogenetic diversity of hosts are often considered especially dangerous for host populations, though comparatively little research has been done on the potential for specialist parasites to cause host mortality. Here, using a novel database of avian mortality records, we tested whether phylogenetic host specialist or host generalist haemosporidian blood parasites were associated with avian host deaths based on infection records from over 81,000 examined hosts. In support of the hypothesis that host specialist parasites can be highly virulent in novel hosts, we found that the parasites that were associated with avian host mortality were predominantly phylogenetic host specialists. Hosts that died tended to be distantly related to the host species that a parasite lineage typically infects, illustrating that specialist parasites can cause death outside of their limited host range. Overall, this study highlights the overlooked potential for host specialist parasites to cause host mortality despite their constrained ecological niches.</p>
Host associated transmission favors transition of a commensal toward antagonism
<p>The impacts of host-associated microbes for their hosts varies along a continuum of antagonistic, neutral, and beneficial interactions. Transmission mode is predicted to contribute to transitions along the continuum by altering opportunities for the alignment of host and microbe fitness interests. Under vertical transmission, microbial evolution is tightly coupled to the host environment, which may facilitate fitness alignment. In contrast, environmentally transmitted microbes spend time in the external environment, outside of hosts, partially decoupling their evolution from the host. This decoupling may misalign host and microbe fitness interests, potentially favoring antagonistic microbial traits. Here, we tested whether transmission environment alters microbial evolution by manipulating the interaction between a commensal Serratia marcescens bacteria and their insect host <em>Anasa tristis</em>, which are the primary vector of these bacteria into plants, where they cause disease. We experimentally evolved <em>S. marcescens </em>through several selection environments. The bacteria were passaged between <em>A. tristis </em>hosts, between <em>A. tristis </em>hosts and soil, through soil, or through standard culture media. We observed rapid evolution of virulence toward hosts across treatments when bacterial evolution occurred within the host environment, indicating that direct host-to-host transmission can increase opportunities for microbes to adapt to hosts and evolve antagonistic traits.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Additions to Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales): Introducing P. nayariophyti sp. nov. and new host associations of P. scoparia from northern Thailand
FIGURE 3. Peroneutypa nayariophyti (MFLU 23-0077, holotype). a Appearance of ascostromata on Nayariophyton zizyphifolium woody litter. b Upper view of the cross-section of ascostromata. c Cross section of ascostromata (arrowed). d, e Appearance of ascomata with a long neck on the substrate. f Peridium. g Paraphyses. h–m Asci. n–r Ascospores. s Germinated spore. t, u Culture characteristics on PDA from front and reverse. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b–d = 500 μm, e = 200 μm, f = 50 μm, g–m, r, s = 10 μm, n–q = 5 μm.
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree from combined ITS and tub2 in Additions to Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales): Introducing P. nayariophyti sp. nov. and new host associations of P. scoparia from northern Thailand
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree from combined ITS and tub2 sequence data. Bootstrap support values ≥ 60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 are indicated at the branches. The tree is rooted with Xylaria polysporicola (FCATAS848) and X. hypoxylon (CBS 122620). The taxa originating from this study are shown in blue. Type species are in bold.
FIGURE 4 in Additions to Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales): Introducing P. nayariophyti sp. nov. and new host associations of P. scoparia from northern Thailand
FIGURE 4. Peroneutypa scoparia (MFLU 23-0079, new host record). a Appearance of ascomata on Dalbergia cana woody litter. b, c Close up of ascomata on host substrate. d Vertical section through ascomata. e Cross-section of peridium. f Ostiol canal. g Paraphyses. h–m Asci. n–r Ascospores. s Germinated spore. t, u Culture characteristics on PDA from the front and reverse. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b, c = 500 μm, d = 200 μm, g = 50 μm, e, f, h–j, l, s = 20 μm, k, m, r = 10 μm, n–q = 5 μm.
The Association Between Microbiota, Endotoxaemia and the Host Obesity/ Insulin Resistance (MiPOOP Study)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03665961. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
St. Jude Tracking of Viral and Host Factors Associated With COVID-19
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04362995. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Study of First Line Treatment of Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease With the Association of Ciclosporine, Corticosteroids and Rituximab (Protocol R-GVHD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01135641. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The impacts of host association and perturbation on symbiont fitness
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Data from: A nonrandom subset of olfactory genes is associated with host preference in the fruit fly Drosophila orena
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Data from: Using a comprehensive DNA barcode library to detect novel egg and larval host plant associations in a Cephaloleia Rolled-leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
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Data from: Host associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data
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Data from: Protection mutualists affect colonization and establishment of host-associated species in a coral reef cryptofauna community
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Data from: Host-associated genomic differentiation in congeneric butterflies: now you see it, now you don’t
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Data from: Functional genotypes are associated with commensal Escherichia coli strain abundance within host individuals and populations
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Data from: Evolutionary lability of host associations promotes phylogenetic overdispersion of co-infecting blood parasites
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Data from: Simplifying understory complexity in oil palm plantations is associated with a reduction in the density of a cleptoparasitic spider, Argyrodes miniaceus (Araneae: Theridiidae), in host (Araneae: Nephilinae) webs
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Data from: Aphid specialization on different summer hosts is associated with strong genetic differentiation and unequal symbiont communities despite a common mating habitat
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Data from: Going undercover: increasing canopy cover around a host tree drives associational resistance to an insect pest
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Data from: Host species and environmental effects on bacterial communities associated with Drosophila in the laboratory and in the natural environment
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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