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FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic notes on Ilex sect. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from China II: Revision of I. fargesii and related species based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 2. Box plots of the comparison of characters between Ilex fargesii and I. micropyrena (A), and the two subspecies of I. fargesii (B1–B5). A, rachis length. B1, leaf length; B2, leaf width; B3, ratio of leaf length/width; B4, length of leaf pedicel; B5, rachis length. The boxes (rectangle region) represent the interquartile range and the whiskers (vertical line) represent the range excluding the outliers (circles). The upper, middle and lower lines on the boxes represent the 75%, 50% and 25% of the variables, respectively. The upper and lower ends of the whiskers represent the maximum and minimum values of the variable, respectively. The circles represent the single value, where the variable value exceeds 1.5 times the difference between the 75% and 25%.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic notes on Ilex sect. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from China II: Revision of I. fargesii and related species based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 1. The maximum likelihood tree for the combined nuclear DNA (ITS + ETS) dataset. Support values ≥ 50 BS or 0.50 PP are shown above branches follow the order ML-BS/BI-PP. The dash (-) indicates a support value <50 or PP <0.50.
FIGURE 11 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 11. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees based on 1000 replicates; A) 18S rRNA, B) D9-D10 expansion region of 28S rRNA, C) 5' region of COI and D) consensus tree for concatenated sequence data for all three loci; scale bar = percent nucleotide difference.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 8. Adult male Eumyndus metcalfi paratype; A) habitus dorsal view, B) habitus lateral view and C) label(s).
FIGURE 5 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 5. Adult male Eumyndus jeanjacquei sp. nov. gentalia; A) left lateral view, B) ventral view and C) dorsal view, scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 2. Adult habitus of Eumyndus jeanjacquei sp. nov.; A) male dorsal view, B) male lateral view, C) female dorsal view and D) female lateral view; scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 1. Habitat and locality of Eumyndus species collected in this study; A) habitat and host (Vonitra fibrosa) of Eumyndus jeanjacquei sp. nov., B) locality of Eumyndus jeanjacquei sp. nov. (orange), Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi (red) and C) habitat and host (Pandanus sp.) of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 7. Adult male Eumyndus metcalfi.; A) habitus lateral view, B) habitus dorsal view, C) genitalia lateral view, D) genitalia ventral view, E) aedeagus dorsal view, F) aedeagus left lateral view, G) aedeagus right lateral view, H) aedeagus ventral view, I) forewing and J) aedeagus positioned as illustrated by Synave (1956); scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 6. Aedeagus of Eumyndus jeanjacquei sp. nov.; A) left lateral view, B) right lateral view, C) dorsal view and D) ventral view.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 3. Adult male Eumyndus jeanjacquei sp. nov.; A) head, pronotum and mesonotum in dorsal view, B) head, pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view and C) head and pronotum in frontal view; scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 9. Adult female Eumyndus metcalfi; A) habitus dorsal view, B) habitus lateral view and C) forewing; scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 10 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Eumyndus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) from palms in eastern Madagascar and molecular evidence for the synonymy of Eumyndus kraussi and Eumyndus metcalfi
FIGURE 10. Adult female Eumyndus metcalfi paratype; A) habitus dorsal view, B) habitus lateral view and C) label(s).
Data from: Molecular evidence shows low species diversity of coral-associated hydroids in Acropora corals
A novel symbiosis between scleractinians and hydroids (Zanclea spp.) was recently discovered using taxonomic approaches for hydroid species identification. In this study, we address the question whether this is a species-specific symbiosis or a cosmopolitan association between Zanclea and its coral hosts. Three molecular markers, including mitochondrial 16S and nuclear 28S ribosomal genes, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), were utilized to examine the existence of Zanclea species from 14 Acropora species and 4 other Acroporidae genera including 142 coral samples collected from reefs in Kenting and the Penghu Islands, Taiwan, Togian Island, Indonesia, and Osprey Reef and Orpheus Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the 16S and 28S genes showed that Acropora-associated Zanclea was monophyletic, but the genus Zanclea was not. Analysis of the ITS, and 16S and 28S genes showed either identical or extremely low genetic diversity (with mean pairwise distances of 0.009 and 0.006 base substitutions per site for the 16S and 28S genes, respectively) among Zanclea spp. collected from diverse Acropora hosts in different geographic locations, suggesting that a cosmopolitan and probably genus-specific association occurs between Zanclea hydroids and their coral hosts.
Data from: The wheat curl mite Aceria tosichella (Acari: Eriophyoidea) is a complex of cryptic lineages with divergent host ranges: evidence from molecular and plant bioassay data
Aceria tosichella (the wheat curl mite, WCM) is a global pest of wheat and other cereals, causing losses by direct damage, as well as the transmission of plant viruses. The mite is considered to have an unusually wide host range for an eriophyoid species. The present study tested the commonly held assumption that WCM is a single, highly polyphagous species by assessing the host range of genetically distinct lineages of WCM occurring in Poland on different host plants. Genotyping was performed by analyzing nucleotide sequence data from fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear D2 region of 28S rDNA. Mean between-lineage distance estimated using COI data was found to be one order of magnitude greater than the within-clade lineage and, in some cases, comparable to distances between WCM lineages and a congeneric outgroup species. Host acceptance was tested by quantifying population growth for different WCM mitochondrial (mt)DNA lineages when transferred from source host plants to test plants. These experiments revealed significant differences in host colonization ability between mtDNA lineages, ranging from highly polyphagous to more host-specific. The present study reveals that WCM is composed of several discrete genetic lineages with divergent host-acceptance and specificity traits. Genetic variation for host acceptance within A. tosichella s.l. may act as a reproductive barrier between these lineages, most of which had narrow host ranges. Two lineages appear to have high pest potential on cereals, whereas several others appear to specialize on wild grass species. We conclude that WCM is not a homogeneous species comprising polyphagous panmictic populations rather it is a complex of genetically distinct lineages with variable host ranges and therefore variable pest potential.
Data from: Phylogeny and circumscription of Cephalocereus (Cactaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Cephalocereus, Neobuxbaumia, and Pseudomitrocereus (Cactaceae, Cactoideae, Echinocereeae) are related genera of columnar cacti native to Mexico with current ambiguous circumscription. We applied maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Cephalocereus group using molecular data from seven chloroplast regions (petL-psbE, psbA-trnH, rpl16, rpl32-trnLUAG, trnL-F, trnQrps16, andycf1), simple coded indels, and 46 structural characters. The Cephalocereus group was recovered as monophyletic with high support values, whereas Neobuxbaumia appeared as paraphyletic, due to the polyphyly of Cephalocereus and the derived position of Pseudomitrocereus within this group. Topology was mostly congruent among the different phylogenetic methods explored, and three pervasive clades were observed. Two structural characters were confirmed as synapomorphies for the Cephalocereus group: prismatic crystals in the dermal system and a perianth woody cap persistent in the fruit. The derived position of Pseudomitrocereus suggests that new hypotheses must be explored regarding the possible hybrid origin of this taxon. We propose the transfer of all species of Neobuxbaumia, Cephalocereus, and Pseudomitrocereus to a single genus, in which Cephalocereus takes priority over the other names. Based on our results, a new circumscription for Cephalocereus is proposed, including a taxonomic synthesis, two new combinations (Cephalocereus multiareolatus and Cephalocereus sanchezmejoradae), and a key for species.
Data from: Phylogenetic systematics of Cochlospermaceae (Malvales) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Cochlospermaceae (Malvales) is a small family of two genera, Amoreuxia and Cochlospermum. Cochlospermum has a pantropical distribution with species present in Mexico, Central and South America, the West Indies, Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia, whereas Amoreuxia has a more restricted distribution in the Americas. Amoreuxia is comprised of four herbaceous species, and Cochlospermum has seven tree species and five that are suffrutescent subshrubs. The two genera also differ in floral symmetry, corolla coloration patterns, and stamen morphology. The goals of this study were to reconstruct the phylogeny of Cochlospermaceae to evaluate the monophyly of the family and its two genera, to resolve interspecific relationships, and to interpret patterns of morphological evolution. In addition, a minor goal was to examine its relationship to sister families, such as Bixaceae, a family in which Cochlospermaceae has been variously placed. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using DNA sequences of the following markers: nuclear ribosomal ITS and the chloroplast trnG and trnL-F regions. The data support the monophyly of Cochlospermaceae and its distinctiveness from its sister families. While Amoreuxia is supported as monophyletic, Cochlospermum is paraphyletic with two species (C. orinocense and C. tetraporum) consistently placed outside a clade of all remaining Cochlospermum species. Ancestral character state reconstructions of morphology indicate that the tree habit may be ancestral in Cochlospermaceae with a single shift to an herbaceous growth form in Amoreuxia with the suffrutescent growth form having arisen twice within Cochlospermum, once in South America and once in Africa. There has been a single shift in floral morphology from radial symmetry, solid yellow petals, and uniform stamens to bilateral symmetry, two-toned petals, and dimorphic stamens in Amoreuxia. Anthers with one apical pore found in core Cochlospermum species may be a reduction from anthers with two pores, such as those found in Amoreuxia and in C. orinocense and C. tetraporum. Seed shape supports the sister relationships within Cochlospermaceae, particularly within Amoreuxia.
FIGURE 3. A in A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 3. A. Gymneia virgata; B. Hyptis recurvata; C. Eplingiella cuniloides; D. Hyptis ramosa; E. Physominthe vitifolia; F. Marsypianthes burchellii; G. Rhaphiodon echinus (fl.). Photos A, B, F by H. Moreira; C, G by R. Harley; D, E by A. Paton.
FIGURE 2. A in A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 2. A. Gymneia malacophylla; B. Asterohyptis stellulata; C.. Hyptis imbricatiformis; D. Cantinoa carpinifolia; E. Eriope crassipes; F. Mesosphaerum suaveolens. Photos A−C, E, F by R. Harley; D by D. Cardoso.
FIGURE 1. A in A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 1. A. Oocephalus silvinae; B. Physominthe vitifolia; C. Hyptidendron caudatum; D. Cyanocephalus rugosus; E. Hyptidendron canum; F. Cyanocephalus lanatus; G. Rhaphiodon echinus (fr.); H. Hyptis radicans; J. Eriopidion strictum; K. Condea undulata; L. Leptohyptis macrostachys. Photos A, E, G, H, J−L by R. Harley; B by A. Paton; C, D, F by H. Moreira.
FIGURE 4. A in A generic revision and new combinations in the Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae), based on molecular and morphological evidence
FIGURE 4. A. Medusantha eriophylla; B. Martianthus stachydifolius; C. Hypenia marifolia; D. Leptohyptis macrostachys; E. Hypenia sp.; F. Condea albida; G. Hyptis crenata; H. Oocephalus oppositiflorus. Photos A−C, F, H by R. Harley; D by J.F. Pastore; E by H. Moreira; G by D. Cardoso.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.