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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

A Prosthetic Hand with Integrated Sensing Elements for Selective Detection of Mechanical and Thermal Stimuli

Flexible electronics have gained popularity because of their capability to combine softness and functionality. Soft resistive sensors are susceptible to mechanical stimuli and detecting temperature selectively remains a challenge. In this study, soft flexible thermistors are developed for detecting temperature changes based on the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect, selectively. By thermomechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, it is observed that thermoplastic elastomers with higher thermal expansion and semicrystalline morphology result in a sensitive thermistor response. To achieve a high sensitivity in temperature and low sensitivity in the detection of mechanical stimulus, a low-carbon filler content is required. The opposite trend is seen for the piezoresistive sensors for mechanical strain detection. Both sensory material types are compatible with thermoplastic material extrusion-based additive manufacturing. The method is used for the fabrication of the sensing elements and an open-source prosthetic hand. The strain sensor detects the bending of the fingers and the temperature sensor detects the temperature when in contact with a heated surface, successfully. In addition, the temperature sensor is used as a tactile sensor to detect contact with a non-heated surface. Combining selective multisensory capabilities will significantly affect the future development of sensorized prosthetic devices and wearable electronics.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Quantification of the value of selected Nature's Contributions to People provided by Low Trophic Species aquaculture

This dataset was generated by the work on quantification of Nature’s Contributions to People (NCPs) provided by Low Trophic Species (LTS) aquaculture. The quantification and analysis of selected NCPs was performed based on selected indicators using data from the case studies within the AquaVitae project and literature reviews.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

FIGURE 3 in Physiological selectivity of insecticides to eggs and larvae of predator Chrysoperla externa (HAGEN) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 3 - Survival (%) (± SE) of immature stages of Chrysoperla externa from second instar larvae treated with the pesticides. Treatments: 1: chlorpyrifos; 2: cartap hydrochloride; 3: pyriproxyfen, 4: profenofos/lufenuron; 5: fenpropathrin; 6: triazophos/deltamethrin; 7: zetacypermethrin and 8: control.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

FIGURE 4 in Physiological selectivity of insecticides to eggs and larvae of predator Chrysoperla externa (HAGEN) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 4 - Duration (days) of immature stages of Chrysoperla externa from second instar larvae treated with the insecticides. Treatments: 1: chlorpyrifos; 2: cartap hydrochloride; 3: pyriproxyfen, 4: profenofos/lufenuron; 5: fenpropathrin; 6: triazophos/deltamethrin; 7: zetacypermethrin and 8: control.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

FIGURE 1 in Physiological selectivity of insecticides to eggs and larvae of predator Chrysoperla externa (HAGEN) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 1 - Survival of three larval instars and viability pupal (%) (± SE) stage of Chrysoperla externa, from first instar larvae treated with the insecticides. Treatments: 1: chlorpyrifos; 2: cartap hydrochloride; 3: pyriproxyfen, 4: profenofos/lufenuron; 5: fenpropathrin; 6: deltamethrin/triazophos; 7: zetacypermethrin and 8: control.

Isotope mixing scenarios for: To what extent are the source mixing models accurate: evaluation of the model accuracy and guidelines for the site-specific model selection

We selected 10 types of distinct isotope signatures that can be found in the samples of natural water. Every 3–10 types of hypothetical isotope signatures were conceptually grouped together. There would be 968 possible combinations based on combinatorics theory. However, we needed distinct mixing polygons to facilitate our determination of model capacity in dealing with uncertainties. Therefore, we kept only 240 such groups in the final analysis. Each group was designated with a predefined mixing ratio. After that, we ran all the examined models through these mixing scenarios to obtain the model estimation of the mixing ratios.

Data from: Reverse plasticity underlies rapid evolution by clonal selection within populations of fibroblasts propagated on a novel soft substrate

Mechanical properties such as substrate stiffness are a ubiquitous feature of a cell's environment. Many types of animal cells exhibit canonical phenotypic plasticity when grown on substrates of differing stiffness, in vitro and in vivo. Whether such plasticity is a multivariate optimum due to hundreds of millions of years of animal evolution, or instead is a compromise between conflicting selective demands, is unknown. We addressed these questions by means of experimental evolution of populations of mouse fibroblasts propagated for approximately 90 cell generations on soft or stiff substrates. The ancestral cells grow twice as fast on stiff substrate as on soft substrate and exhibit the canonical phenotypic plasticity. Soft-selected lines derived from a genetically diverse ancestral population increased growth rate on soft substrate to the ancestral level on stiff substrate and evolved the same multivariate phenotype. The pattern of plasticity in the soft-selected lines was opposite of the ancestral pattern, suggesting that reverse plasticity underlies the observed rapid evolution. Conversely, growth rate and phenotypes did not change in selected lines derived from clonal cells. Overall, our results suggest that the changes were the result of genetic evolution and not phenotypic plasticity per se. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed consistent differentiation between ancestral and soft-selected populations, and that both emergent phenotypes and gene expression tended to revert in the soft-selected lines. However, the selected populations appear to have achieved the same phenotypic outcome by means of at least two distinct transcriptional architectures related to mechanotransduction and proliferation.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Structural Characterization of amphiphilic co-networks in selective and non-selective solvents using 1H-NMR and SAXS

We investigate structural properties of model amphiphilic co-networks made by heterocomplementary end-linking of tetra-PEG tetra-PCL star polymers in selective and non-selective solvent using small-angle X-ray scattering, NMR diffusometry and double-quantum magic-angle spinning (DQ MAS) NMR techniques. Here, the data used is made accessible

Data and code for: Disease outbreaks select for mate choice and coat color in wolves

We know much about pathogen evolution and the emergence of new disease strains but less about host resistance and how it is signaled to other individuals and subsequently maintained. The cline in frequency of black-coated wolves across North America is hypothesized to result from a relationship with canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreaks. We test this hypothesis using cross-sectional data from wolf populations across North America that vary in the prevalence of CDV and the allele that makes coats black, longitudinal data from Yellowstone National Park, and modeling. The frequency of CDV outbreaks generates fluctuating selection that results in heterozygote advantage that in turn impacts the frequency of the black allele, the optimal mating behavior, and the black wolf cline across the continent.

Within and between population comparisons suggest independently acting selection maintaining parallel clines in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Parallel clines in traits related to adaptation in a species can be due to independent selection on a pair of traits, or due to selection in one trait resulting in a parallel cline in a correlated trait. To distinguish between the mechanisms giving rise to parallel adaptive population divergence of multiple traits along an environmental gradient we need to study variation, correlations, and selective forces within individual populations along the gradient. In many tree species, budset timing forms a latitudinal cline, and parallel clinal variation is also found in other seedling traits, such as first year height and fall frost injury. In this study, we set up a common garden experiment with open pollinated progeny from natural populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), with one large sample from single population (500 families) and smaller samples from across a latitudinal gradient. Budset timing, first year height and induced fall frost injury were first measured in a greenhouse. The seedlings were then planted in the field, where survival and height were measured at the age of nine years as fitness proxies. We compared between and within population variation and genetic correlations of these three seedling traits, and estimated selection gradients at the family level in our main population, taking into account the potential effects of seed weight. Between population genetic correlations between seedling traits were high (0.76-0.95). Within population genetic correlations in the main population were lower (0.14-0.35), as in other populations (0.10-0.39). Within population, extensive adaptive variation persists in the seedling traits, in line with rather weak selection gradients, yet maintaining the clines. Although our sampling does not cover the whole cline equally, the results suggest that the individual clines in these traits are maintained by largely independently acting selection, which results in fewer constraints in adaptation under changing climate.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Observation of an isotope effect in state-selective mutual neutralization of lithium with hydrogen

The data files found here contain the data as obtained and displayed in : "Observation of an isotope effect in state-selective mutual neutralization of lithium with hydrogen" published in Physical Review A (2023).  Each file contains an explanatory header. Header lines start with #.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Systematic Literature Review - Selected Articles - Data Extraction

- CSV with the raw data extracted from abstract + full-text review from the selected articles. - CSV with normalized data. - CSV with the normalized data after being a feature engineering step in which some columns have been deleted. - CSV with formal context to extract the concepts lattice.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Magnetic elastomers as specific soft actuators – predicting particular modes of deformation from selected configurations of magnetizable inclusions

This dataset contains the underlying data and python programs to generate the plots in the manuscript L. Fischer and Andreas M. Menzel Magnetic elastomers as specific soft actuators – predicting particular modes of deformation from selected configurations of magnetizable inclusions J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 591, 171695 (2024) (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171695" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171695</a>). Part of the special issue "ICMF 2023". arXiv Version: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.16833" target="_blank" rel="noopener">arXiv:2310.16833</a>. For more information, please see the included "Readme.txt" in the dataset "Zenodo.zip".

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: Inferring ecological selection from multidimensional community trait distributions along environmental gradients

Understanding the drivers of community assembly is critical for predicting the future of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecological selection ubiquitously shapes communities by selecting for individuals with most suitable trait combinations. Detecting selection types on key traits across environmental gradients and over time has the potential to reveal underlying abiotic and biotic drivers of community dynamics. Here we present a model-based predictive framework to quantify multidimensional trait distributions of communities (community trait niches), which we use to identify ecological selection types shaping communities along environmental gradients. We apply the framework to over 3600 boreal forest understory plant communities with results indicating that directional, stabilizing, and divergent selection all modify community trait niches and that the selection type acting on individual traits may change over time. Our results provide novel and rare empirical evidence for divergent selection within a natural system. Our approach provides a framework for identifying key traits under selection and facilitates the detection of processes underlying community dynamics.

Figure 4 in Does depth become a permissive factor for reproductive habitat selection in the reef-associate damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea?

Figure 4 – Effect of long‑day conditions with hydrostatic pressure on gonadosomatic index of the sapphire devil. Fish were reared under conditions with long-day (LD = 14: 10) by red LED lights and with hydrostatic pressure at 0 m (white column) and 3 m (black column). Fish were sampled at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the initiation of the experiment. Each value represents mean ± SEM.

Figure 3 in Does depth become a permissive factor for reproductive habitat selection in the reef-associate damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea?

Figure 3 – Effect of hydrostatic pressure on dopaminergic activity in the whole brain of the sapphire devil. Mesh cages with 8 females were set at the surface (0 m; white column) and at the bottom (3 m; black column) of a concrete tank. Fish in the cages were sampled at 3 and 6 hours after the onset of the experiment. Dopamine (DA) and 3,4‑dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the whole brain were measured high‑performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detection system. Metabolic rate (DOPAC/DA) was also calculated. Each value represents mean ± SEM. Different letters indicate significant difference among groups at p <0.05.

Figure 1 in Does depth become a permissive factor for reproductive habitat selection in the reef-associate damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea?

Figure 1 – Distribution of the sapphire devil in reef lagoons. School was scored according to the number of fish (n ≤ 2; 0, 3 ≤ n 5; 1, 6 ≤ n ≤ 8; 2, 9 ≤ n; 3). Each value represents mean ± SEM. Different letters indicate significant difference among groups at p <0.05.

Figure 5 in Does depth become a permissive factor for reproductive habitat selection in the reef-associate damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea?

Figure 5. – Summary of depth effect on light wavelength, hydrostatic pressure, dopaminergic activity in the brain and reproductive performance of the sapphire devil. Long wavelengths of light are absorbed in the shallow area. Deeper habitat increases hydrostatic pressure, which follows an increase in dopaminergic activity in the brain and a decrease in reproductive performance in the sapphire devil.

Figure 2 in Does depth become a permissive factor for reproductive habitat selection in the reef-associate damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea?

Figure 2 – Effect of rearing depth in reef lagoon on gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female sapphire devil. Mesh cages with fish (1 male and 8 females) were set at the surface (0 m; white column) and at the bottom (3 m; black column) of reef lagoon. Grey column indicates initial control. Fish in the cases were sampled every week after the onset of the experiment. Each value represents mean ± SEM. Different letters indicate significant difference among groups at p <0.05.