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1,663 results for “BIAS”
Language bias in orthodontic systematic reviews.
<p>Dataset</p>
Overcoming Behavioral Biases: Insights into Information Systems Adoption
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A Field Experiment on Ethnic Bias in Public Housing Practices in Sweden
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Observation Bias in Metabarcoding
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Female preference for colour-enhanced males: a test of the sensory bias model in medaka, a drab fish
<p>Sexual selection research has long focused on the evolution of female mate preferences. Most of the models that have been developed posit that mate preferences evolve in a mating context. In contrast, the sensory bias model proposes that mate choice preferences arise in a non-mating context, as a by-product of natural selection acting on a female's perceptual system. Recent research has shown that many species of fishes, from across a large clade including poeciliids, goodeids, and medaka, have a bias for long wavelength (LW) colors (yellow, orange, red) in a non-mating context. Even species that do not have LW-colored ornaments, apparently because they have been lost secondarily, retain this latent bias for LW colors. Here, we predicted that female <i>Oryzias latipes </i>(Japanese medaka), a drab species with a latent preference for LW colors, would show a mate choice preference for males with an artificial secondary sexual trait—a colored stripe added to their flank. We confirmed that females were more responsive to red and orange objects in a non-mating context than to other colors. We also showed that females were less resistant towards males with a LW-colored stripe than to those enhanced with a non-LW stripe and that, for many females, responses towards specific LW colors were consistent across these non-mating and mating contexts. Therefore, our results provide support for the sensory bias model by providing a link between a sensory bias in a non-mating context and a mate choice preference in a drab species like medaka.</p>
Data from: A sensory bias overrides learned preferences of bumblebees for honest signals in Mimulus guttatus
<p class="CxSpFirst">Insect pollinators readily learn olfactory cues, and this is expected to select for "honest signals" that provide reliable information about floral rewards. However, plants might alternatively produce signals that exploit pollinators' sensory biases, thereby relaxing selection for signal honesty. We examined the innate and learned preferences of <i>Bombus impatiens</i> for <i>Mimulus guttatus</i> floral scent phenotypes corresponding to different levels of pollen rewards in the presence and absence of the innately attractive floral volatile compound β-trans-bergamotene. Bees learned to prefer honest signals after foraging on live <i>M. guttatus</i> flowers, but only exhibited this preference when presented floral scent phenotypes that did not include β-trans-bergamotene. Our results suggest that a sensory bias for β-trans-bergamotene overrides the ability of <i>B. impatiens</i> to use honest signals when foraging on <i>M. guttatus</i>. This may represent a deceptive pollination strategy that allows plants to minimize investment in costly rewards without incurring reduced rates of pollinator visitation.</p>
Effects of biases in adult sex ratio and male body condition on the alternative reproductive tactics of a gift-giving spider
<p>This dataset contains raw data from the manuscript entitled "<span>Adult sex ratio and male body condition affect alternative reproductive tactics in a spider", from </span>Daniel Heimerl, Pavla Dudová, Karoline Wacker, Elisa Schenkel, Garance Despréaux, Cristina Tuni, accepted for publication in the journal Behavioral Ecology<span>, </span></p> <p>The study investigates how biases in adult sex ratios can affect mating tactics in a spider. Sex ratio variation can alter the intensity of sexual selection by enhancing competition for mates. Under intense competition males increase their investment in behaviors to outcompete rivals (e.g., fighting). Yet, given that in male-biased environments mating opportunities are rare males may alternatively reduce costly courtship and/or adopt alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). Males of the spider <i>Pisaura mirabilis</i> adopt different mating tactics, offering females genuine nuptial gifts (prey), nutritionally worthless gifts (prey leftovers) or no gifts.</p> <p>To test whether behavioral shifts between gift tactics are triggered by changes in the competitive environment, we established replicate spider populations under natural conditions (field enclosures) at varying adult sex ratios (male-biased, female-biased and equal) and sampled gift tactics (no gift, genuine and worthless gifts) repeatedly over time. We additionally explored how male individual traits, such as body size and condition, affect the expression of ARTs.</p> <p>In male-biased populations males produced more gifts but of low quality, suggesting competition to trigger increased mating effort to ensure mate acquisition and fertilizations, but through a worthless gift tactic. Production of gifts and of genuine gifts was favored by high body condition, pointing to energetic limitations as being central for male reproductive capacity. We hence highlight two co-existing mechanisms at play to explain ARTs in this system, the competitive social environment where expression of gift tactics is based on optimal-decision making to overcome competition, and a conditional strategy linked to the individual's energetic state.</p>
Supplementary information for: A biased fossil record can preserve reliable phylogenetic signal
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Abstract.</i><b>––</b>The fossil record is notoriously imperfect and biased in representation, hindering our ability to place fossil specimens into an evolutionary context. For groups with fossil records mostly consisting of disarticulated parts (e.g., vertebrates, echinoderms, plants), the limited morphological information preserved sparks concerns about whether fossils retain reliable evidence of phylogenetic relationships, and lends uncertainty to analyses of diversification, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in Earth history. To address whether a fragmentary past can be trusted, we need to assess whether incompleteness affects the quality of phylogenetic information contained in fossil data. Herein, we characterize skeletal incompleteness bias in a large dataset (6,585 specimens; 14,417 skeletal elements) of fossil squamates (lizards, snakes, amphisbaenians, and mosasaurs). We show that jaws + palatal bones, vertebrae, and ribs appear more frequently in the fossil record than other parts of the skeleton. This incomplete anatomical representation in the fossil record is biased against regions of the skeleton that contain the majority of morphological phylogenetic characters used to assess squamate evolutionary relationships. Despite this bias, parsimony- and model-based comparative analyses indicate that the most frequently-occurring parts of the skeleton in the fossil record retain similar levels of phylogenetic signal as parts of the skeleton that are rarer. These results demonstrate that the biased squamate fossil record contains reliable phylogenetic information, and support our ability to place incomplete fossils in the Tree of Life. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Bias-corrected CORDEX dataset for the Carpathian Region
<p>This dataset contains <strong>bias-corrected</strong> regional climate model (RCM) <strong>daily outputs</strong> for the following variables under the <strong>RCP8.5</strong> scenario:<br> <strong>- tas<br> - tasmin<br> - tasmax</strong></p> <p>The reference dataset is <strong>CARPATCLIM</strong> (Szalai et al., 2013) which covers the the Carpathian Region for the period 1961-2010.</p> <p>The dataset contains bias corrected daily outputs of the following <strong>high-resolution</strong> (0.11<sup>o</sup>) <strong>RCMs</strong> from the framework of<strong> EURO-CORDEX</strong> (Jacob et al., 2014) and <strong>Med-CORDEX</strong> (Ruti et al., 2016):<br> <strong>- ALADIN<br> - CCLM<br> - HIRHAM<br> - RACMO<br> - RCA4<br> - RegCM<br> - REMO<br> - WRF</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>The dataset covers the following periods with grid spacing of 0.11<sup>o</sup> on a regular lon/lat grid (between latitudes 44°N and 50°N, and longitudes 17°E and 27°E):</p> <p><strong>- 1976-2005</strong></p> <p><strong>- 2021-2050</strong></p> <p><strong>- 2070-2099</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>File format: NetCDF</p> <p>All data have been created following the work of Mezghani et al. (2017).</p> <p>Paper introducing present database: Torma, C. Z., & Kis, A. (2022): Bias-adjustment of high-resolution temperature CORDEX data over the Carpathian region: Expected changes including the number of summer and frost days. <em>International Journal of Climatology</em>, 42(12): 6631–6646. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7654</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>References:<br> Jacob, D., Petersen, J., Eggert, B., Alias, A., Christensen, O.B., Bouwer, L.M., Braun, A., Colette, A., Déqué, M., Georgievski, G., Georgopoulou, E., Gobiet, A., Menut, L., Nikulin, G., Haensler, A., Hempelmann, N., Jones, C., Keuler, K., Kovats, S., Kröner, N., Kotlarski, S., Kriegsmann, A., Martin, E., van Meijgaard, E., Moseley, C., Pfeifer, S., Preuschmann, S., Radermacher, C., Radtke, K., Rechid, D., Rounsevel, M., Samuelsson, P., Somot, S., Soussana, J.-F., Teichmann, C., Valentini, R., Vautard, R., Weber, B. and Yiou, P. (2014) EURO-CORDEX New high resolution climate change projections for European impact research. Reg. Environ. Change, 14, 563–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0499-2</p> <p><br> Mezghani, A., Dobler, A., Haugen, J.E., Benestad, R.E., Parding, K.M., Piniewski, M., Kardel, I. and Kundzewicz, Z.W. (2017) CHASE-PL Climate Projection dataset over Poland – bias adjustment of EURO-CORDEX simulations. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 905–925. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-905-2017</p> <p><br> Ruti, P.M., Somot, S., Giorgi, F., Dubois, C., Flaounas, E., Obermann, A., Dell'Aquila, A., Pisacane, G., Harzallah, A., Lombardi, E., Ahrens, B., Akhtar, N., Alias, A., Arsouze, T., Aznar, R., Bastin, S., Bartholy, J., Béranger, K., Beuvier, J., Bouffies-Cloché, S., Brauch, J., Cabos, W., Calmanti, S., Calvet, J.-C., Carillo, A., Conte, D., Coppola, E., Djurdjevic, V., Drobinski, P., Elizalde-Arellano, A., Gaertner, M., Galán, P., Gallardo, C., Gualdi, S., Goncalves, M., Jorba, O., Jordi, G., L'Heveder, B., Lebeaupin-Brossier, C., Li, L., Liguori, G., Lionello, P., Maciás, D., Nabat, P., Onol, B., Raikovic, B., Ramage, K., Sevault, F., Sannino, G., Struglia, M.V., Sanna, A., Torma, C. and Vervatis, V. (2016) MED-CORDEX initiative for Mediterranean climate studies. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97, 1187–1208. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00176.1</p> <p><br> Szalai, S., Auer, I., Hiebl, J., Milkovich, J., Radim, T., Stepanek, P., Zahradnicek, P., Bihari, Z., Lakatos, M., Szentimrey, T., Limanowka, D., Kilar, P., Cheval, S., Deak, Gy., Mihic, D., Antolovic, I., Mihajlovic, V., Nejedlik, P., Stastny, P., Mikulova, K., Nabyvanets, I., Skyryk, O., Krakovskaya, S.,Vogt, J., Antofie, T. and Spinoni, J. (2013) Climate of the Greater Carpathian Region. Final Technical Report. http://www.carpatclim-eu.org</p>
Evidence for 4e charge of Cooper quartets in a biased multi-terminal graphene-based Josephson junction
<p>Raw data and analysis files.</p>
Data from: Mitochondrial phylogenomics of early land plants: mitigating the effects of saturation, compositional heterogeneity, and codon-usage bias
Phylogenetic analyses using concatenation of genomic-scale data have been seen as the panacea to resolving the incongruences among inferences from few or single genes. However, phylogenomics may also suffer from systematic errors, due to the, perhaps cumulative, effects of saturation, among-taxa compositional (GC content) heterogeneity, or codon-usage bias plaguing the individual nucleotide loci that are concatenated. Here we provide an example of how these factors affect the inferences of the phylogeny of early land plants based on mitochondrial genomic data. Mitochondrial sequences evolve slowly in plants and hence are thought to be suitable for resolving deep relationships. We newly assembled mitochondrial genomes from 20 bryophytes, complemented these with 40 other streptophytes (land plants plus algal outgroups), compiling a data matrix of 60 taxa and 41 mitochondrial genes. Homogeneous analyses of the concatenated nucleotide data resolve mosses as sister-group to the remaining land plants. However, the corresponding translated amino acid data support the liverwort lineage in this position. Both results receive weak to moderate support in maximum likelihood analyses, but strong support in Bayesian inferences. Tests of alternative hypotheses using either nucleotide or amino-acid data provide implicit support for the respective optimal topologies. By analyzing the nucleotide data, we found that the 3rd codon positions are more saturated than the 1st and 2nd codon positions, and excluding these from the analyses leads to a topology congruent with that obtained using amino-acid data. Further, we determined that land plant lineages differ in their nucleotide composition, and in their usage of synonymous codon variants. Composition heterogeneous Bayesian analyses employing a non-stationary model that accounts for variation in among-lineage composition, and inferences from degenerated nucleotide data that avoids the effects of synonymous mutations that underlie codon-usage bias, again recovered liverworts being sister to the remaining land plants. These analyses indicate that the discrepancy between the nucleotide-based and the amino acid-based trees is caused by the lineage specific, parallel compositional bias, or synonymous mutations driving codon-usage bias, as well as saturation in the 3rd codon positions. While genomic data may generate highly supported phylogenetic trees, these inferences may be artifacts. We suggest that phylogenomic analyses should assess the possible impact of potential biases through comparisons of protein coding gene data and their amino-acids translations, by analyzing data modeling compositional bias, and by excluding nucleotide noisy signals due to saturation or codon-usage bias. We caution against relying on any one presentation of the data (nucleotide or amino acid) or any one type of analysis even when analyzing large-scale data sets, no matter how well-supported, without fully exploring the effects of substitution models.
Data from: Selection and sex-biased dispersal in a coastal shark: the influence of philopatry on adaptive variation
Sex-biased dispersal is expected to homogenize nuclear genetic variation relative to variation in genetic material inherited through the philopatric sex. When site fidelity occurs across a heterogeneous environment, local selective regimes may alter this pattern. We assessed spatial patterns of variation in nuclear-encoded, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and sequences of the mitochondrial control region in bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo), a species thought to exhibit female philopatry, collected from summer habitats used for gestation. Geographic patterns of mtDNA haplotypes and putatively neutral SNPs confirmed female philopatry and male-mediated gene flow along the northeastern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. A total of 30 outlier SNP loci were identified; alleles at over half of these loci exhibited signatures of latitude-associated selection. Our results indicate that in species with sex-biased dispersal, philopatry can facilitate sorting of locally adaptive variation, with the dispersing sex facilitating movement of potentially adaptive variation among locations and environments.
Supplementary material 2 from: Martin JL, Santi I, Pitta P, John U, Gypens N (2022) Towards quantitative metabarcoding of eukaryotic plankton: an approach to improve 18S rRNA gene copy number bias. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e85794. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.85794
Supplementary Data 2
Supplementary material 1 from: Martin JL, Santi I, Pitta P, John U, Gypens N (2022) Towards quantitative metabarcoding of eukaryotic plankton: an approach to improve 18S rRNA gene copy number bias. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e85794. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.85794
Supplementary Data 1
Supplementary material 3 from: Martin JL, Santi I, Pitta P, John U, Gypens N (2022) Towards quantitative metabarcoding of eukaryotic plankton: an approach to improve 18S rRNA gene copy number bias. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e85794. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.85794
Supplementary Data 3
Supplementary material 4 from: Martin JL, Santi I, Pitta P, John U, Gypens N (2022) Towards quantitative metabarcoding of eukaryotic plankton: an approach to improve 18S rRNA gene copy number bias. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e85794. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.85794
Tables S1–S4, Figures S1–S4
Supplementary material 3 from: Molloy SW, Davis RA, Dunlop JA, van Etten EJB (2017) Applying surrogate species presences to correct sample bias in species distribution models: a case study using the Pilbara population of the Northern Quoll. Nature Conservation 18: 27-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.18.12235
Weighted mean SDMs for individual algorithms and evaluation statistics (biomod2) :
Supplementary material 2 from: Molloy SW, Davis RA, Dunlop JA, van Etten EJB (2017) Applying surrogate species presences to correct sample bias in species distribution models: a case study using the Pilbara population of the Northern Quoll. Nature Conservation 18: 27-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.18.12235
Full readout for the MaxEnt northern quoll SDM :
Supplementary material 1 from: Molloy SW, Davis RA, Dunlop JA, van Etten EJB (2017) Applying surrogate species presences to correct sample bias in species distribution models: a case study using the Pilbara population of the Northern Quoll. Nature Conservation 18: 27-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.18.12235
GIS data sets used in variable assessments and map of Pilbara vegetation systems :
Supplementary material 5 from: Tedersoo L, Anslan S, Bahram M, Põlme S, Riit T, Liiv I, Kõljalg U, Kisand V, Nilsson RH, Hildebrand F, Bork P, Abarenkov K (2015) Shotgun metagenomes and multiple primer pair-barcode combinations of amplicons reveal biases in metabarcoding analyses of fungi. MycoKeys 10: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.10.4852
Table S5. Data set of the ITS2 barcode.: Explanation note: Data set of the ITS2 barcode.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.