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Figure 5 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)

Figure 5: Geographic ranges of members of the Peromyscus truei species group showing taxonomic changes proposed in this work: (A) P. gratus (pink) and P. truei (green); (B) P. nasutus (green) and P. difficilis (pink); (C) P. laceianus (green) and P. pectoralis (pink); (D) P. attwateri (green) and P. ochraventer (pink). Lighter colors represent possible unrecognized taxa: we suggest recognizing the species P. amplus, P. collinus, and P. felipensis because their high mitochondrial divergence and its consistency with multiple lines of evidence previously reported; however, the specific status of the highly divergent P. cf. martirensis and P. cf. zapotecae should be tested with additional data. Maps modified from the IUCN.

Figure 4 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)

Figure 4: Haplotype networks based on the mitochondrial cyt b of sister species in the Peromyscus truei species group: (A) P. gratus (pink) + P. truei (green); (B) P. nasutus (green) + P. difficilis (pink); and (C) P. laceianus (green) + P. pectoralis (pink). In each case, lighter colors represent possible unrecognized taxa based on their high genetic divergence (see Figure 5 and discussion). The grey outlines show the 18 clades with intraspecific genetic

Figure 3 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)

Figure 3: Heat map showing genetic distances (K80) as % between the 18 clades with intraspecific genetic distances ≤1.5 in the Peromyscus truei species group. Genetic distances>4% are shown above the gray line, and values>5% above the black line. Clade labels on the x- and y-axes match those from Figure 2.

Figure 1 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)

Figure 1: Map of Mexico and the United States showing the localities of Peromyscus truei species group samples analyzed in this work.

Figure 2 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)

Figure 2: Phylogenetic relationships of members in the Peromyscus truei species group based on the mitochondrial cyt b. At the left the majority-rule consensus tree obtained from Bayesian analysis, and at the right the maximum-likelihood tree. Support values are shown as posterior probabilities and ultrafast bootstrap, respectively; values <0.8/94 are not shown. Green bars indicate the 18 clades with intraspecific genetic distances ≤1.5, and the asterisk show short sequences obtained from skin-clips. Tip labels show the catalog number of each analyzed specimen.

Figure 6 in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone

Figure 6. Pattern of cytochrome b (cyt b), acid phosphatase V (AP5), and predicted skull region plotted by population within the contact area. No directional trend is intended by order of populations. Proportion northern for cyt b and AP5 is the fraction of individuals from that population possessing a haplotype or genotype most similar to those widespread in the northern region. Proportion northern for morphology is the fraction of individuals from that population having a northern posterior probability> 50%. Mid-Coast is a combination of Freeman Ranch, Refugio State Beach, Tajiguas Landfill, and El Capitan State Beach. COPR, Coal Oil Pt Reserve.

Figure 4 in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone

Figure 4. Probability of membership in northern group based on discriminant analysis of logged skull measurements. Top, contact zone skulls; middle, northern region skulls; bottom, southern region skulls.

Figure 3 in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone

Figure 3. First and second principal components based on 13 mensural characters for north, contact, and south groups of skulls.

Figure 5 in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone

Figure 5. Example profiles of contact zone populations and probability of prediction into northern or southern populations. Axes are as in Fig. 4.

Figure 2. Skull with measurements labelled. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone

Figure 2. Skull with measurements labelled. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D, mandible. HCB, height of cranium at bullae; IOC, interorbital constriction; IFL, length of incisive foramen; IPL, interparietal length; IPW, interparietal width; MAL, upper molar alveolus; MAN, length of mandible; MAW, mastoid width; NAL, nasal length; ONL, occipital-nasal length; PAL, shelf of bony palate; ZYB, zygomatic breadth. Details of each measurement are provided in the text.

Figure 1. A in Cranial morphology of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae) in a contact zone

Figure 1. A, map of specimens used, indicating regions, subregions, and some localities, as discussed in the text. Dashed lines indicate a general division between subregions used to examine variation within regions. Text indicates north, middle, and south subregions within northern and southern regions. White circles indicate specimens allocated to the northern region; black circles indicate the southern region; and circles that are half white/half black are in the contact region. The black/white icon does not indicate an equal mix of north and south marker but is only indication of overlap. For clarity, markers in some cases represent multiple, nearby locations. Polygon indicates populations used for cline fitting analysis. Specimens in the S-S subregion were removed from analysis. B, map of the contact area with polygon encompassing localities with both cytochrome b haplogroups. Dashed lines indicate the approximate centres of clines for (A) morphology, (B) mitochondrial DNA, and (C) nuclear DNA.

FIGURE 7 in Reevaluation of Rhipidomys emiliae (J.A. Allen 1916) and description of a new Rhipidomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) species from Amazonia and Cerrado

FIGURE 7. View of the superior molar series of (A) Rhipidomys sp. nov. female MN 91157 and (B) R. emiliae male LBCE 12657.

FIGURE 5 in Reevaluation of Rhipidomys emiliae (J.A. Allen 1916) and description of a new Rhipidomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) species from Amazonia and Cerrado

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic trees inferred for Rhipidomys based on cytochrome b DNA sequences. (A) Tree recovered in Bayesian Inference analysis. (B) Tree recovered in Maximum Likelihood analysis. Black circles represent 90–100% bootstrap values, white circles 80–89%, black square 70–79%, and white square 60–69%.

FIGURE 4 in Reevaluation of Rhipidomys emiliae (J.A. Allen 1916) and description of a new Rhipidomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) species from Amazonia and Cerrado

FIGURE 4. Karyotypes with conventional Giemsa staining of (A–B) R. emiliae males CZ 1313 and MN 81709 with 2n = 44 and FN = 64, (C) Rhipidomys sp. nov. female MN 91158 with 2n = 44 and FN = 52, and (D) R. ipukensis female LBCE 16023 with 2n = 44 and FN = 80. X and Y are female and male sexual chromosomes.

FIGURE 1 in Reevaluation of Rhipidomys emiliae (J.A. Allen 1916) and description of a new Rhipidomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) species from Amazonia and Cerrado

FIGURE 1. Map of South America showing records (several symbols) and type localities (TL, star) of Rhipidomys used in molecular analysis, and the limits of some Brazilian ecoregions. BRAZIL: Acre state [8] Igarapé Porongaba, Amazonas state [17] Ipixun", [18] Juruá, Bahia state [42] Andaraí, [32] Una, Fazenda Boladeira, [31] Una, Ceará state [2] Serra de Ibiapaba (TL cearanus), [1] Crato (TL cariri), Espírito Santo state [28] Linhares, Goiás state [27] Crixas (TL macrurus), [23] Cumari, [43] Minaçu, [46] Colinas do Sul [47] Uruaçú, Maranh"o state [38] Bacabal; Minas Gerais state [45] Caraça (TL tribei), [40] Coronel Murta, [44] Fervedouro, [30] Leme Prado, [22] Nova Ponte, [25] Perdizes, [33] Lagoa Santa (TL mastacalis), [29] Rio Preto, Mato Grosso state [16] Aripuan", [6] Barra do Garças, [48] S"o José do Xingu (TL sp. nov.); Mato Grosso do Sul state [24] Ponta Por"; Pará State [39] Abaetetuba, [37] Ourém, [3] Rio Mojú (TL emiliae), [5] Carajás, [4] Altamira, Rio Xingu, [7] Belém, Rio de Janeiro state [14] Angra do Reis, [15] Guapimirim (TL itoan), S"o Paulo state [13] Boraceia, Tocantins state [12] Lagoa da Confus"o, [41] Paran", [11] Peixe (TL ipukensis), [50] Nazaré. FRENCH GUIANA: [34] Regina, Nouragues Nature Reserve, [35] Pic Matechau Mountain. GUYANA: Cuyuni-Mazaruni region [20] Summit of Roraima (TL macconnelli), Upper Takutu-Upper Esequebo region [36] Kwatata region, Kanuku Mountains (TL nitela). PARAGUAY: Canindeyu department [26] Sendero Moroti. PERU: Madre De Dios province [10] Albaque (TL gardneri), [9] Puerto Maldonado, Junín province [19] Junín (TL leucodactylus). VENEZUELA: Amazonas state [21] Cerro La Neblina (TL wetzeli).

FIGURE 6 in Reevaluation of Rhipidomys emiliae (J.A. Allen 1916) and description of a new Rhipidomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) species from Amazonia and Cerrado

FIGURE 6. (A) Median-joining network of Rhipidomys sp. nov. (gray), R. ipukensis (black), and R. emiliae (white). Circles represent the haplotypes, and their size is proportional to the number of shared sequences. Haplotype nomenclature is the same of table 1. Numbers adjacent to the lines connecting haplotypes and/or median vector (red circles) are nucleotide substitutions greater than 1. (B) Map with the collecting localities of the samples used in the median joining analysis.

FIGURE 9 in Helminths of small rodents (Heteromyidae and Cricetidae) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: an integrative taxonomic approach to their inventory

FIGURE 9. Phylogenetic tree based on the ML analysis constructed on partial large subunit ribosomal gene (28S) of Syphacia species from different hosts. Individual GenBank accession numbers precede species name, followed by host name. Bootstrap support values for ML are provided at the nodes. The new sequences of the present study are in bold.

FIGURE 5. A in Helminths of small rodents (Heteromyidae and Cricetidae) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: an integrative taxonomic approach to their inventory

FIGURE 5. A. SEM micrograph of cephalic plate of female Syphacia peromysci from Peromyscus yucatanicus, apical view. B. SEM micrograph of anterior extremity of female Syphacia peromysci from Peromyscus yucatanicus showing the cervical alae (arrow), ventral view. C. SEM micrograph of complete male of Syphacia peromysci from Peromyscus yucatanicus showing the mamelons (arrows), lateral view. D. Caudal extremity of male Syphacia peromysci from Peromyscus yucatancus showing the caudal papillae (arrows), lateral view. E. Egg of Syphacia peromysci from Peromyscus yucatanicus, lateral view. F. Cephalic plate of female Syphacia sp. (1) from Heteromys gaumeri, apical view. G. Egg of Syphacia sp. (1) from Heteromys gaumeri, lateral view. Cephalic plate of female Syphacia sp. (2) from Reithrodontomys gracilis showing the cervical alae (arrow), apical view. I. Egg of Syphacia sp. (2) from Reithrodontomys gracilis, lateral view. J. SEM micrograph of cephalic plate of female Syphacia sp. (3) from Ototylomys phyllotis, apical view. K. Anterior extremity of female Syphacia sp. (3) from Ototylomys phyllotis showing the isthmus (arrow), ventral view. L. SEM micrograph of anterior extremity of Syphacia sp. (3) from Ototylomys phyllotis showing the lateral folds (arrow), lateral view. M. Egg of Syphacia sp. (3) from Ototylomys phyllotis, lateral view. N. SEM micrograph of the anterior section of female Syphacia sp. (4) from Ototylomys phyllotis showing the cuticle with transverse striations and shallow longitudinal depressions, lateral view. O. SEM micrograph of cephalic plate of female Syphacia sp. (4) from Ototylomys phyllotis, apical view. P. Anterior extremity of female Syphacia sp. (4) from Ototylomys phyllotis showing the deirids (arrow), ventral view.

FIGURE 8 in Helminths of small rodents (Heteromyidae and Cricetidae) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: an integrative taxonomic approach to their inventory

FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic tree based on the ML analysis constructed on partial large subunit ribosomal gene (28S) of strongylids from different hosts. Individual GenBank accession numbers precede species name, followed by host name. Bootstrap support values for ML are provided at the nodes. The new sequences of the present study are in bold.

FIGURE 2. A in Helminths of small rodents (Heteromyidae and Cricetidae) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: an integrative taxonomic approach to their inventory

FIGURE 2. A. Adult specimen of Scaphiostomum sp. from Heteromys gaumeri, ventral view. B. Adult specimen of Skrjabinus sp. from Heteromys gaumeri, ventral view. C. SEM micrograph of Skrjabinus sp. from Heteromys gaumeri showing the ventral surface and the acetabulum, ventral view. D. Adult specimen of Microphallidae gen. sp. from Peromyscus yucatanicus, ventral view.